Verteporfin fluorescence in antineoplastic-treated pancreatic cancer cells found concentrated in mitochondria.

BACKGROUND: Traditional treatments for pancreatic cancer (PC) are inadequate. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is non-invasive, and proven safe to kill cancer cells, including PC. However, the mitochondrial concentration of the photosensitizer, such as verteporfin, is key. AIM: To investigate the distribution of fluorescence of verteporfin in PC cells treated with antitumor drugs, post-PDT. METHODS: Workable survival rates of PC cells (AsPC-1, BxPC-3) were determined with chemotherapy [doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM)] and non-chemotherapy [sirolimus (SRL) and cetuximab (CTX)] drugs in vitro, with or without verteporfin, as measured via MTT, flow cytometry, and laser confocal microscopy. Reduced cell proliferation was associated with GEM that was more enduring compared with DOX. Confocal laser microscopy allowed observation of GEM- and verteporfin-treated PC cells co-stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and MitoTracker Green to differentiate living and dead cells and subcellular localization of verteporfin, respectively. RESULTS: Cell survival significantly dropped upon exposure to either chemotherapy drug, but not to SRL or CTX. Both cell lines responded similarly to GEM. The intensity of fluorescence was associated with the concentration of verteporfin. Additional experiments using GEM showed that survival rates of the PC cells treated with 10 µmol/L verteporfin (but not less) were significantly lower relative to nil verteporfin. Living and dead stained cells treated with GEM were distinguishable. After GEM treatment, verteporfin was observed primarily in the mitochondria. CONCLUSION: Verteporfin was observed in living cells. In GEM -treated human PC cells, verteporfin was particularly prevalent in the mitochondria. This study supports further study of PDT for the treatment of PC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Protection of leukemia inhibitory factor against high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cell dysfunction.

PURPOSE: In the study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) affects hyperglycaemic induced retinopathy by regulating CaMKII-CREB pathway. METHODS: Human retinal endothelial cell (HRECs) induced by high glucose to simulate one of the pathogenesis in the diabetic retinopathy (DR) model. After LIF treatment, cell viability was detected by CCK-8 and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Angiogenesis was detected by in vitro tube formation. The expression levels of inflammatory, angiogenesis related proteins and CaMKII-CREB were detected by western blot. The gene level of angiogenesis was detected by qRT-PCR. HE staining was used to detect pathological changes of retinopathy in diabetic mice after LIF treatment. RESULTS: Our results showed that LIF significantly increased hyperglycaemic-induced cell viability and inhibited apoptosis. Western blot results showed that LIF could down-regulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, angiogenesis of HRECs was inhibited by LIF in tubulisation experiments. LIF can down-regulate protein and gene levels of VEGF and HIF-1α via western blot and qRT-PCR. In diabetic mice induced by STZ, LIF could down-regulate the protein level of VEGF, HIF-1α, p-CaMKII and p-CREB, which suggest that LIF could inhibit retinal angiogenesis in diabetic mice. The results of HE staining showed that LIF could alleviate the damage of retinopathy in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION: LIF could alleviate the damage of diabetic retinopathy by modulating the CaMKII/CREB signalling pathway to inhibit inflammatory response and angiogenesis.

Thorax radiotherapy using 18F-positron emission tomography/computed tomography-guided precision radiotherapy is a prognostic factor for survival in patients with extracranial oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer:A two-center propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: This retrospective study compared positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and CT in the treatment of extracranial oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explored the impact of thorax radiotherapy (TRT) on patient survival. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of Chinese patients with stage IV extracranial oligometastatic NSCLC who underwent PET/CT or CT at two centers. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control differences in patient characteristics between the maintenance chemotherapy alone and TRT plus maintenance chemotherapy groups. Results: We analyzed 192 eligible patients. The median survival time was better in patients who received PET/CT than in those who only received CT (n = 192, 16 months vs. 6 months, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed the median survival time was significantly longer in the TRT plus maintenance group than in the chemotherapy alone group in patients who underwent PET/CT examinations (n = 94, 25 months vs. 11 months, p<0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in survival between both groups in patients who underwent CT examinations (n = 98, 8 months vs. 5 months, p = 0.180). A multifactorial analysis revealed a more favorable prognosis in patients who underwent PET/CT evaluation (HR: 0.343, 95% CI: 0.250-0.471, p <0.001) and TRT (HR: 0.624, 95% CI: 0.464-0.840, p = 0.002), than in those who did not. PSM was consistent with these results. Conclusions: PET/CT-guided TRT is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with stage IV extracranial oligometastatic NSCLC.

Treatment patterns and survival after 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography-guided local consolidation therapy for oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a two-center propensity score-matched analysis.

PURPOSE: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the treatment patterns and survival after positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT)-guided local consolidation therapy (LCT) for oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of Chinese patients with oligometastatic stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (≤ 5 metastases) who had undergone PET/CT and were eligible for systemic therapy at two centers between May 2005 and August 2019. Propensity score matching (1:1) was used to reduce selection bias and imbalanced distribution of confounding factors. RESULTS: We identified 84 eligible patients and used propensity scores to create well-matched groups of 35 patients who did or did not undergo LCT. Among all patients, the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 47.6% and the 2-year OS rate was 22.6%. Relative to the group that did not receive LCT, the LCT group had a significantly higher OS rate (13 months vs. 7 months, p = 0.002). The two groups had similar incidences and classifications of LCT-related side effects. In multivariable analysis, LCT was found to be strongly associated with a favorable OS (hazard ratio: 0.508, 95% confidence interval: 0.311-0.828, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: We concluded that LCT was significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes among the Chinese patients with oligometastatic NSCLC who were eligible for systemic treatment and could undergo PET/CT evaluation.

Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals That Oxidative Phosphorylation Might Be a Key Pathway Differently Expressed in the Third and Fourth Stages Larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

BACKGROUND: When Angiostrongylus cantonensis develops from the third and fourth stage, it needs to change its host from the middle host, snail to the final host, rat. However, the mechanism involved in this change remains unclear. METHODS: The transcriptome differences of the third and fourth stages of A. cantonensis were explored by next-generation Illumina Hiseq/Miseq sequencing in China, in 2018. RESULTS: Overall, 137 956 488 clean reads and 20 406 213 373 clean bases of the two stages larvae were produced. Based on the queries against the Gene Ontology (GO), NCBI non-redundant protein sequences (Nr), Swissprot, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, 14 204 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predicted. GO enrichment analysis revealed 5660 DEGs with the top s categories as followings: biological process (GO:0008150, related to 5345 DEGs), cellular component (GO:0005575, related to 5297 DEGs), molecular function (GO:0003674, related to 5290 DEGs). In KEGG enrichment analysis, 116 genes were related to oxidative phosphorylation and 49 genes involved in the glycolytic process. CONCLUSION: Metabolism changes, especially oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, might play a key role in A. cantonensis infection of its final rat host. Many other pathways might also contribute to the transcriptome changes between these two life stages. Overall, additional studies are needed for further details.

Facile and green fabrication of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous mats doped with narrowly dispersed silver nanoparticles.

Submicrometer-scale poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous mats loaded with aligned and narrowly dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are obtained via the electrospinning process from pure water. This facile and green procedure did not need any other chemicals or organic solvents. The doped AgNPs are narrowly distributed, 4.3±0.7 nm and their contents on the nanofabric mats can be easily tuned via in situ ultraviolet light irradiation or under preheating conditions, but with different particle sizes and size distributions. The morphology, loading concentrations, and dispersities of AgNPs embedded within PVA nanofiber mats are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Moreover, the biocidal activities and cytotoxicity of the electrospun nanofiber mats are determined by zone of inhibition, dynamic shaking method, and cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay tests.