Ultralow Catalytic Loading for Optimised Electrocatalytic Performance of AuPt Nanoparticles to Produce Hydrogen and Ammonia.

The hydrogen evolution and nitrite reduction reactions are key to producing green hydrogen and ammonia. Antenna-reactor nanoparticles hold promise to improve the performances of these transformations under visible-light excitation, by combining plasmonic and catalytic materials. However, current materials involve compromising either on the catalytic activity or the plasmonic enhancement and also lack control of reaction selectivity. Here, we demonstrate that ultralow loadings and non-uniform surface segregation of the catalytic component optimize catalytic activity and selectivity under visible-light irradiation. Taking Pt-Au as an example we find that fine-tuning the Pt content produces a 6-fold increase in the hydrogen evolution compared to commercial Pt/C as well as a 6.5-fold increase in the nitrite reduction and a 2.5-fold increase in the selectivity for producing ammonia under visible light excitation relative to dark conditions. Density functional theory suggests that the catalytic reactions are accelerated by the intimate contact between nanoscale Pt-rich and Au-rich regions at the surface, which facilitates the formation of electron-rich hot-carrier puddles associated with the Pt-based active sites. The results provide exciting opportunities to design new materials with improved photocatalytic performance for demanding sustainable energy applications.

Deep Feature Statistics Mapping for Generalized Screen Content Image Quality Assessment.

The statistical regularities of natural images, referred to as natural scene statistics, play an important role in no-reference image quality assessment. However, it has been widely acknowledged that screen content images (SCIs), which are typically computer generated, do not hold such statistics. Here we make the first attempt to learn the statistics of SCIs, based upon which the quality of SCIs can be effectively determined. The underlying mechanism of the proposed approach is based upon the mild assumption that the SCIs, which are not physically acquired, still obey certain statistics that could be understood in a learning fashion. We empirically show that the statistics deviation could be effectively leveraged in quality assessment, and the proposed method is superior when evaluated in different settings. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the Deep Feature Statistics based SCI Quality Assessment (DFSS-IQA) model delivers promising performance compared with existing NR-IQA models and shows a high generalization capability in the cross-dataset settings. The implementation of our method is publicly available at https://github.com/Baoliang93/DFSS-IQA.

Cobalt Phosphide-Supported Single-Atom Pt Catalysts for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis.

Ammonia borane (AB) has emerged as a promising chemical hydrogen storage material. The development of efficient, stable, and cost-effective catalysts for AB hydrolysis is the key to achieving hydrogen energy economy. Here, cobalt phosphide (CoP) is used to anchor single-atom Pt species, acting as robust catalysts for hydrogen generation from AB hydrolysis. Thanks to the high Pt utilization and the synergy between CoP and Pt species, the optimized Pt/CoP-100 catalyst exhibits an unprecedented hydrogen generation rate, giving a record turnover frequency (TOF) value of 39911 mo l H 2 mo l Pt - 1 mi n - 1 ${\mathrm{mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{{{\mathrm{H}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}{\mathrm{\ mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{\mathrm{Pt}}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}{\mathrm{\ mi}}{{{\mathrm{n}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}}$ and turnover number of 2926829 mo l H 2 mo l Pt - 1 ${\mathrm{mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{{{\mathrm{H}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}{\mathrm{\ mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{\mathrm{Pt}}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}$ at room temperature. These metrics surpass those of all existing state-of-the-art supported metal catalysts by an order of magnitude. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the integration of single-atom Pt onto the CoP substrate significantly enhances adsorption and dissociation processes for both water and AB molecules, thereby facilitating hydrogen production from AB hydrolysis. Interestingly, the TOF value is further elevated to 54878 mo l H 2 mo l Pt - 1 mi n - 1 ${\mathrm{mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{{{\mathrm{H}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}{\mathrm{\ mo}}{{{\mathrm{l}}}_{{\mathrm{Pt}}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}{\mathrm{\ mi}}{{{\mathrm{n}}}^{{\mathrm{ - 1}}}}$ under UV-vis light irradiation, which can be attributed to the efficient separation and mobility of photogenerated carriers at the Pt-CoP interface. The findings underscore the effectiveness of CoP as a support for single-atom metals in hydrogen production, offering insights for designing high-performance catalysts for chemical hydrogen storage.

Catalyzing sustainable development: Exploring the interplay between access to clean water, sanitation, renewable energy and electricity services in shaping China's energy, economic growth, and environmental landscape.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reflect the shift in global economic conversation toward inclusive growth. The growth can promote inclusivity and widespread sharing of its advancements by concentrating on four key dimensions. (a) Equality of opportunity, (b) sharing prosperity, (3) environmental sustainability/climate adaptation, and (4) macroeconomic stability. We used the Kao cointegration test to study how certain variables are connected over a long period. The relationship between CO2 and GDP per capita, renewable energy and tourism, improved water and sanitation, and access to power all have a positive feedback effect on each other. Based on FMOLS's findings, a 1 % increase in Inclusive growth leads to a 0.342 % (Model 1) and 0.258 % (Model 3) increase in CO2 emissions. An increase of 1 percent in energy consumption per person resulted in a rise of 1.343 % in CO2 emissions in Case 1, 0.524 % in Case 2, and 0.618 % in Case 3. Increasing the tourism sector's proportion of total exports by just one percent will reduce CO2 emissions by 0.221 % (case 1) and 0.234 % (case 3). Based on CCR findings, a 1 % improvement in inclusive growth leads to a 0.403.

Evaluation of a miniature mass spectrometer based point-of-care-test method for direct analysis of amlodipine and benazepril in whole blood.

A miniature mass spectrometer (mMS) based point-of-care testing (POCT) method was evaluated for on-site detecting the hypertension drugs, amlodipine and benazepril. The instrument parameters, including voltage, ISO1, ISO2, and CID, were optimized, under which the target compounds could be well detected in MS2. When these two drugs were injected simultaneously, the mutual ionization inhibition and mutual reduction between amlodipine and benazepril were evaluated. This phenomenon was severe on the precursor ions but had a small impact on the product ions, thus making this POCT method suitable for analysis using product ions. Finally, the method was validated and applied. The blood samples from patients were tested one hour after oral administration of the drugs (20 mg), and the benazepril was quantitatively analyzed using a standard curve, with detected concentrations ranging from 190.6 to 210 µg L-1 and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 8.6 %. In summary, amlodipine has low sensitivity and can only be detected at higher concentrations, while benazepril has high sensitivity, good linearity, and even meets semi-quantitative requirements. The research results of this study are of great clinical significance for monitoring blood drug concentrations during hypertension medication, predicting drug efficacy, and customizing individualized medication plans.

Discrimination of polysorbate 20 by high-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detection and characterization for components by expanding compound database and library.

Analyzing polysorbate 20 (PS20) composition and the impact of each component on stability and safety is crucial due to formulation variations and individual tolerance. The similar structures and polarities of PS20 components make accurate separation, identification, and quantification challenging. In this work, a high-resolution quantitative method was developed using single-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with charged aerosol detection (CAD) to separate 18 key components with multiple esters. The separated components were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with an identical gradient as the HPLC-CAD analysis. The polysorbate compound database and library were expanded over 7-time compared to the commercial database. The method investigated differences in PS20 samples from various origins and grades for different dosage forms to evaluate the composition-process relationship. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS identified 1329 to 1511 compounds in 4 batches of PS20 from different sources. The method observed the impact of 4 degradation conditions on peak components, identifying stable components and their tendencies to change. HPLC-CAD and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS results provided insights into fingerprint differences, distinguishing quasi products.

Implantable patch of oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose and lysozyme amyloid nanofibrils for the regeneration of infarcted myocardium tissue and local delivery of RNA-loaded nanoparticles.

Biopolymeric implantable patches are popular scaffolds for myocardial regeneration applications. Besides being biocompatible, they can be tailored to have required properties and functionalities for this application. Recently, fibrillar biobased nanostructures proved to be valuable in the development of functional biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications. Here, periodate-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (OxNFC) was blended with lysozyme amyloid nanofibrils (LNFs) to prepare a self-crosslinkable patch for myocardial implantation. The OxNFC:LNFs patch showed superior wet mechanical properties (60 MPa for Young's modulus, and 1.5 MPa for tensile stress at tensile strength), antioxidant activity (70% scavenging activity under 24 h), and bioresorbability ratio (80% under 91 d), when compared to the patches composed solely of NFC or OxNFC. These improvements are achieved while preserving the morphology, required thermal stability for sterilization, and biocompatibility towards rat cardiomyoblast (H9c2) cells. Additionally, both OxNFC and OxNFC:LNFs patches reveal the ability to act as efficient vehicles to deliver spermine (Sp) modified acetalated dextran nanoparticles (Sp-AcDEX NPs), loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA), with 80% of delivery after 5 d. This study highlights the value of simply blending OxNFC and LNFs, synergistically combining their key properties and functionalities, resulting in a biopolymeric patch that comprises valuable characteristics for myocardial regeneration applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of novel promoters for vascular tissue-specific gene expression in Populus.

Due to the extended generation cycle of trees, the breeding process for forest trees tends to be time-consuming. Genetic engineering has emerged as a viable approach to expedite the genetic breeding of forest trees. However, current genetic engineering techniques employed in forest trees often utilize continuous expression promoters such as CaMV 35S, which may result in unintended consequences by introducing genes into non-target tissues. Therefore, it is imperative to develop specific promoters for forest trees to facilitate targeted and precise design and breeding. In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA-Seq data and co-expression network analysis during wood formation to identify three vascular tissue-specific genes in poplar, PP2-A10, PXY, and VNS07, which are expressed in the phloem, cambium/expanding xylem, and mature xylem, respectively. Subsequently, we cloned the promoters of these three genes from '84K' poplar and constructed them into a vector containing the eyGFPuv visual selection marker, along with the 35S mini enhancer to drive GUS gene expression. Transgenic poplars expressing the ProPagPP2-A10::GUS, ProPagPXY::GUS, and ProPagVNS07::GUS constructs were obtained. To further elucidate the tissue specificity of these promoters, we employed qPCR, histochemical staining, and GUS enzyme activity. Our findings not only establish a solid foundation for the future utilization of these promoters to precisely express of specific functional genes in stems but also provide a novel perspective for the modular breeding of forest trees.

Dietary Factors and Risk of Gout: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

BACKGROUND: Dietary intervention is the preferred approach for the prevention and clinical management of gout. Nevertheless, the existing evidence regarding the influence of specific foods on gout is insufficient. METHODS: We used two-sample Mendelian randomization for genetic prediction to analyze the relationship between the intake of more than a dozen daily food items, such as pork, beef, cheese, and poultry, and dietary macronutrient intake (fat, protein, carbohydrates, and sugar) and the risk of developing gout and elevating the serum uric acid level. Inverse-variance weighted MR analyses were used as the main evaluation method, and the reliability of the results was tested by a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Cheese intake was associated with lower serum uric acid levels, and tea intake (OR = 0.523, [95%CI: 0.348~0.784], p = 0.002), coffee intake (OR = 0.449, [95%CI: 0.229~0.882], p = 0.020), and dried fruit intake (OR = 0.533, [95%CI: 0.286~0.992], p = 0.047) showed a preventive effect on the risk of gouty attacks. In contrast, non-oily fish intake (ß = 1.08, [95%CI: 0.24~1.92], p = 0.012) and sugar intake (ß = 0.34, [95%CI: 0.03~0.64], p = 0.030) were risk factors for elevated serum uric acid levels, and alcohol intake frequency (OR = 1.422, [95%CI: 1.079~1.873], p = 0.012) was a risk factors for gout predisposition. CONCLUSIONS: These results will significantly contribute to the formulation and refinement of nutritional strategies tailored to patients afflicted with gout.

Design of Vif-Derived Peptide Inhibitors with Anti-HIV-1 Activity by Interrupting Vif-CBFß Interaction.

One of the major functions of the accessory protein Vif of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is to induce the degradation of APOBEC3 (A3) family proteins by recruiting a Cullin5-ElonginB/C-CBFß E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to facilitate viral replication. Therefore, the interactions between Vif and the E3 complex proteins are promising targets for the development of novel anti-HIV-1 drugs. Here, peptides are designed for the Vif-CBFß interaction based on the sequences of Vif mutants with higher affinity for CBFß screened by a yeast surface display platform. We identified two peptides, VMP-63 and VMP-108, that could reduce the infectivity of HIV-1 produced from A3G-positive cells with IC50 values of 49.4 µM and 55.1 µM, respectively. They protected intracellular A3G from Vif-mediated degradation in HEK293T cells, consequently increasing A3G encapsulation into the progeny virions. The peptides could rapidly enter cells after addition to HEK293T cells and competitively inhibit the binding of Vif to CBFß. Homology modeling analysis demonstrated the binding advantages of VMP-63 and VMP-108 with CBFß over their corresponding wild-type peptides. However, only VMP-108 effectively restricted long-term HIV-1 replication and protected A3 functions in non-permissive T lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that competitive Vif-derived peptides targeting the Vif-CBFß interaction are promising for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Identify the significant landscape characteristics for the perceived restorativeness of 8 perceived sensory dimensions in urban green space.

The restorative benefits of urban green spaces (UGSs) have been supported by many studies. Eight perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) are regarded as a tool to classify green spaces based on perception. However, little attention has been given to the effects of landscape characteristics (LCs) on the perceived restorativeness (PR) of green spaces. Thus, this study aims to clarify this relationship using the eight PSDs. The research collected information, via video stimulus, from 30 participants on the restorative experiences of urban green parks, according to the eight kinds of PSDs. The skin conductance level obtained via biosensors was used to measure the PR. The subjective satisfaction evaluation of 10 LCs was further obtained using a 5-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. The results show that the UGSs with dominant "serene," "open," and "sheltered" PSDs are rated highest for restoration. Furthermore, the findings identify the significant factors affecting the restoration of green spaces using different PSDs. In green spaces controlled by PSD, scene, vegetation, water features, and disturbances are more reliable predictors for restoration. The results indicate how different PSD spaces can be distributed in green urban planning and provide key points for designing each PSD for restoration. The use of physiological indexes rather than subjective feelings provides an alternative for demonstrating the restorative benefits of the environment. However, before it can officially be used by designers, more research is needed.

Inflammation-Targeted Nanomedicines Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Reprogram Macrophages Polarization for Myocardial Infarction Treatment.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a critical global health challenge, with current treatments limited by the complex MI microenvironment, particularly the excessive oxidative stress and intense inflammatory responses that exacerbate cardiac dysfunction and MI progression. Herein, a mannan-based nanomedicine, Que@MOF/Man, is developed to target the inflammatory infarcted heart and deliver the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent quercetin (Que), thereby facilitating a beneficial myocardial microenvironment for cardiac repair. The presence of mannan on the nanoparticle surface enables selective internalization by macrophages rather than cardiomyocytes. Que@MOF/Man effectively neutralizes reactive oxygen species in macrophages to reduce oxidative stress and promote their differentiation into a reparative phenotype, reconciling the inflammatory response and enhancing cardiomyocyte survival through intercellular communication. Owing to the recruitment of macrophages into inflamed myocardium post-MI, in vivo, administration of Que@MOF/Man in MI rats revealed the specific distribution into the injured myocardium compared to free Que. Furthermore, Que@MOF/Man exhibited favorable results in resolving inflammation and protecting cardiomyocytes, thereby preventing further myocardial remodeling and improving cardiac function in MI rats. These findings collectively validate the rational design of an inflammation-targeted delivery strategy to mitigate oxidative stress and modulate the inflammation response in the injured heart, presenting a therapeutic avenue for MI treatment.

Cell-mediated nanoparticle delivery systems: towards precision nanomedicine.

Cell-mediated nanoparticle delivery systems (CMNDDs) utilize cells as carriers to deliver the drug-loaded nanoparticles. Unlike the traditional nanoparticle drug delivery approaches, CMNDDs take the advantages of cell characteristics, such as the homing capabilities of stem cells, inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils, prolonged blood circulation of red blood cells, and internalization of macrophages. Subsequently, CMNDDs can easily prolong the blood circulation, cross biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier and the bone marrow-blood barrier, and rapidly arrive at the diseased areas. Such advantageous properties make CMNDDs promising delivery candidates for precision targeting. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in CMNDDs fabrication and biomedical applications. Specifically, ligand-receptor interactions, non-covalent interactions, covalent interactions, and internalization are commonly applied in constructing CMNDDs in vitro. By hitchhiking cells, such as macrophages, red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets, nanoparticles can be internalized or attached to cells to construct CMNDDs in vivo. Then we highlight the recent application of CMNDDs in treating different diseases, such as cancer, central nervous system disorders, lung diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, with a brief discussion about challenges and future perspectives in the end.

Research on long-term migration behaviors of heavy metals after close-distance coal seam backfill mining.

The backfill mining of coal-based solid waste in goaf poses a potential risk of heavy metal pollution to the groundwater environment, and the migration behavior of heavy metals differs significantly under the disturbance of backfill mining in close-distance multi-layer coal seams and single-layer coal seams. In this study, a migration model of heavy metals after solid backfilling in the goaf of shallow-buried close-distance thick coal seams was established, and the impact of the overburden damage and the layered distribution of the filling body on the long-term migration behavior of heavy metals were analyzed. The results show that the migration of heavy metals after close-distance coal seam backfill mining exhibits a higher risk of heavy metal pollution. The peak permeability of overburden after close-distance coal seam backfill mining is about 600 × 10-19 m2 higher than that after single-layer coal seam backfill mining. The migration distance of heavy metals in the floor after backfill mining of close-distance coal seams is 7.41 m farther than that of single-layer coal seam backfill mining, and its migration time of heavy metals to the surface is 27 a earlier than that of single-layer coal seam. This research provides theoretical and empirical support for the ecological risk assessment and heavy metal pollution control in close-distance coal seam backfill mining. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The main filling material of close-distance coal seams backfill mining is coal gangue. Heavy metal elements such as Mn and Cr will be released in the underground environment for a long time, and the migration behavior of heavy metal elements will have an impact on the groundwater environment for more than 1000 years. This research provides theoretical and empirical support for the ecological risk assessment of close-distance coal seam backfill mining and the mitigation of heavy metal pollution.

Comparison of dermoscopic characteristics on toenail onychomycosis in psoriatic and non-psoriatic patients: A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Psoriatic patients may experience the coexistence of onychomycosis (OM). However, the evaluation of OM in psoriatics has been hindered by potential clinical differences from OM in non-psoriatics. OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare dermoscopic features between toenail OM in psoriatic and in non-psoriatic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between September 2020 and September 2023, dermoscopy was conducted on 183 affected toenails by OM in psoriatics and 232 affected toenails by OM in non-psoriatics in two centres. The dermoscopic characteristics were compared using the Chi-squared test. RESULTS: Among toenail OM cases in psoriatic subjects, the most prevalent dermoscopic features included pitting (147/183, 80.33%) and subungual hyperkeratosis (118/183, 64.48%). Conversely, toenail OM in non-psoriatics was characterized by subungual hyperkeratosis (175/232, 75.43%) and nail spikes (139/232, 59.91%). Comparative analysis revealed a significantly higher occurrence of pitting (80.33% vs. 15.96%, p < .001), periungual telangiectasis (22.40% vs. 4.74%, p < .001), oil patches (12.57% vs. 0.43%,p < .001) and transverse grooves (43.72% vs. 28.45%,p < .01) in toenail OM in psoriatics. Furthermore, toenail OM in psoriatics exhibited a significantly lower frequency of yellow structureless area (13.11% vs. 42.67%, p < .001), nail spikes (43.17% vs. 59.91%, p < .01), ruin appearance of sulphur nugget (8.20% vs. 31.03%, p < .001), dotted/blocky haemorrhage (6.01% vs. 20.69%,p < .001) and partial onycholysis (32.79% vs. 46.98%, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Dermoscopic features of toenail OM in psoriatic and non-psoriatic patients exhibit notable differences. OM in psoriatics shows a higher frequency of pitting and periungual telangiectasis, while a lower frequency of yellow structureless areas and nail spikes under dermoscopy.

Application status and optimization suggestions of tumor organoids and CAR-T cell co-culture models.

Tumor organoids, especially patient-derived organoids (PDOs) exhibit marked similarities in histopathological morphology, genomic alterations, and specific marker expression profiles to those of primary tumour tissues. They are applied in various fields including drug screening, gene editing, and identification of oncogenes. However, CAR-T therapy in the treatment of solid tumours is still at an exploratory stage. Tumour organoids offer unique advantages over other preclinical models commonly used for CAR-T therapy research, which the preservation of the biological characteristics of primary tumour tissue is critical for the study of early-stage solid tumour CAR-T therapies. Although some investigators have used this co-culture model to validate newly targeted CAR-T cells, optimise existing CAR-T cells and explore combination therapy strategies, there is still untapped potential in the co-culture models used today. This review introduces the current status of the application of tumour organoid and CAR-T cell co-culture models in recent years and commented on the limitations of the current co-cultivation model. Meanwhile, we compared the tumour organoid model with two pre-clinical models commonly used in CAR-T therapy research. Eventually, combined with the new progress of organoid technologies, optimization suggestions were proposed for the co-culture model from five perspectives: preserving or reconstructing the tumor microenvironment, systematization, vascularization, standardized culture procedures, and expanding the tumor organoids resource library, aimed at assisting related researchers to better utilize co-culture models.

Combined surgery and sclerotherapy for 13 years: a case report of a patient with CLOVES.

Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, and skeletal anomalies (CLOVES) constitute a rare overgrowth disorder resulting from a mosaic function-acquiring mutation in the PIK3CA gene. Targeted drugs for the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway remain under clinical trial and surgery is commonly used to meet both aesthetic and functional requirements for CLOVES patients. We report here the course and experience of a male patient treated at our institution for up to 13 years. The course of treatment consisted of nine anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy procedures and two segmental trunk mass resections. After undergoing sequential treatment, the patient experienced improved thoracic deformity and scoliosis, enabling him to grow and develop normally.

Combining Traditional Chinese Herbs and csDMARDs for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Involves Tapering and Discontinuing Glucocorticoids: Protocol for a Two-Stage Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Glucocorticoids (GC) are crucial in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but discontinuing GC effectively in RA patients poses a significant challenge for rheumatologists. In this two-stage, single-center, non-randomized controlled trial, we investigated the benefits of combining Chinese traditional herbal treatment with csDMARDs to aid GC discontinuation in terms of GC tapering, disease control, and safety. A total of 231 participants were enrolled, of which 150 eligible subjects were included in the first phase and allocated to three groups (control group, treatment group 1, and treatment group 2) based on their willingness to take traditional Chinese medicine and syndrome differentiation, in a 1:1:1 ratio. All groups received basic treatment consisting of methotrexate tablets (10 mg, qw), leflunomide (10 mg, qd), and stratified GC bridging therapy and tapering regimen (The intervention regimen was developed based on rigorous adherence to available evidence). Treatment group 1 received basic treatment combined with Juanbi Granule, while treatment group 2 received basic treatment combined with Yupingfeng Guizhi Decoction Granule. Efficacy was evaluated after a 12-week follow-up, with slightly adjustments to the treatment group based on efficacy and change of syndrome, followed by continued observation until 24 weeks to complete the study. The efficacy evaluation and data analysis were conducted in a blinded manner, including group label concealment, data cleaning, confounder and control regimen analysis, and outcome analysis. This project has received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (YLZ [2022] Ethical Review No. (006)-01) and has been registered with the China Clinical Trials Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2300067676, Registered 17 January 2023, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=184908). This trial was the first to evaluate the clinical efficacy of combining Chinese herbal medicines with standard Western medicines to facilitate the discontinuation of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Mechanism and early warning of coal mine rockburst accident based on SD-STAMP-DEMATEL.

As coal mines shift from shallow to deeper excavation, the number of mines facing the risk of rock burst disasters is gradually increasing. Rockburst, with their characteristics of vibration, suddenness, complexity, and unpredictability, make it increasingly difficult to prevent and control these disasters. Therefore, the challenges of preventing and controlling rock burst disasters are becoming more and more severe. This paper, based on the system-theoretic accident model and processes (STAMP) theory, extracts the causal factors affecting coal mine rock burst accidents. Using the interpretative structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method, the accident-causing factors are quantitatively assigned. By constructing model equations and drawing causal loop diagrams and stock-flow diagrams, the event is dynamically simulated and early warnings are issued. The results show that the control defects leading to the accident are analyzed from the perspectives of the government level, management level, grassroots level, physical layer, and the dynamic process of the accident. In the short term, safety investment in grassroots operations is the most effective control. In the long run, the most effective measure is for the management level to strengthen its supervisory work. By changing the input ratios of various variables, it can be seen that different variables in the system dynamics (SD) model have different impacts on coal mine rock burst accidents. It is necessary to continuously strengthen the implementation of the safety responsibility system, improve the work efficiency of the government and management level, and enhance the timeliness of emergency decision-making.