Effects of different light conditions on morphological, anatomical, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of Cypripedium macranthos Sw.

In this study, the morphological (plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter and leaf number), anatomical (epidermal cell density and thickness, Stomatal length and width), photosynthetic (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, relative humidity, leaf temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) and biochemical parameters (the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, malondialdehyde and electrical conductivity) of Cypripedium macranthos Sw. in Changbai Mountain were determined under different light conditions (L10, L30, L50, L100). The results showed that morphological values including plant height, leaf area, stem diameter and leaf number of C. macranthos were smaller under the condition of full light at L100. The epidermal cell density and epidermal thickness of C. macranthos were the highest under L30 and L50 treatments, respectively. It had the highest net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll content under L50 treatment. Meanwhile, correlation analysis indicated that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and water use efficiency (WUE) were the main factors influencing Pn. C. macranthos accumulated more soluble sugars and soluble proteins under L100 treatment, while the degree of membrane peroxidation was the highest and the plant was severely damaged. In summary, the adaptability of C. macranthos to light conditions is ranked as follows L50 > L30 > L10 > L100. Appropriate light conditions for C. macranthos are 30%-50% of full light, which should be taken into account in protection and cultivation.

Enzyme modified biodegradable plastic preparation and performance in anaerobic co-digestion with food waste.

A modified biodegradable plastic (PLA/PBAT) was developed by through covalent bonding with proteinase K, porcine pancreatic lipase, or amylase, and was then investigated in anaerobic co-digestion mixed with food waste. Fluorescence microscope validated that enzymes could remain stable in modified the plastic, even after co-digestion. The results of thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion showed that, degradation of the plastic modified with Proteinase K increased from 5.21 ± 0.63 % to 29.70 ± 1.86 % within 30 days compare to blank. Additionally, it was observed that the cumulative methane production increased from 240.9 ± 0.5 to 265.4 ± 1.8 mL/gVS, and the methane production cycle was shortened from 24 to 20 days. Interestingly, the kinetic model suggested that the modified the plastic promoted the overall hydrolysis progression of anaerobic co-digestion, possibly as a result of the enhanced activities of Bacteroidota and Thermotogota. In conclusion, under anaerobic co-digestion, the modified the plastic not only achieved effective degradation but also facilitated the co-digestion process.

The Effects of Deregulated Ribosomal Biogenesis in Cancer.

Ribosomes are macromolecular ribonucleoprotein complexes assembled from RNA and proteins. Functional ribosomes arise from the nucleolus, require ribosomal RNA processing and the coordinated assembly of ribosomal proteins (RPs), and are frequently hyperactivated to support the requirement for protein synthesis during the self-biosynthetic and metabolic activities of cancer cells. Studies have provided relevant information on targeted anticancer molecules involved in ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), as increased RiBi is characteristic of many types of cancer. The association between unlimited cell proliferation and alterations in specific steps of RiBi has been highlighted as a possible critical driver of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Thus, alterations in numerous regulators and actors involved in RiBi, particularly in cancer, significantly affect the rate and quality of protein synthesis and, ultimately, the transcriptome to generate the associated proteome. Alterations in RiBi in cancer cells activate nucleolar stress response-related pathways that play important roles in cancer-targeted interventions and immunotherapies. In this review, we focus on the association between alterations in RiBi and cancer. Emphasis is placed on RiBi deregulation and its secondary consequences, including changes in protein synthesis, loss of RPs, adaptive transcription and translation, nucleolar stress regulation, metabolic changes, and the impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint.

Exploring electronic and valley properties of single-layer SMSiN2 (M = Mo, W): a first-principles study on two-dimensional Janus materials.

In this study, we employ first-principles calculations to explore the electronic and valleytronic properties of single-layer (SL) SMSiN2 (M = Mo, W), which are two-dimensional Janus materials with strong spin-orbit coupling. Our findings indicate that SL SMoSiN2/SWSiN2 possess a direct/indirect band gap, where the valence band maximum is situated at the K/K' point, giving rise to the formation of degenerate valleys. When considering spin-orbit coupling, SMoSiN2 and SWSiN2 demonstrate intriguing valley spin splitting in their valleys, with a maximum splitting of up to 0.14/0.39 eV in the valence bands. By implementing magnetic doping with V and Cr, we provide a demonstration that valley polarization could be realized in SL SMSiN2. Moreover, the findings reveal high carrier mobility in SL SMSiN2, notably in SWSiN2, where hole carriers can achieve a remarkable mobility of up to 7.98 × 103 cm2 V-1 s-1 along the zigzag direction. Furthermore, our observations suggest that strain can be effectively utilized to manipulate the character and magnitude of the band gap, as well as the valley spin splitting in these materials.

Molecular design and experimental study of deep eutectic solvent extraction of keratin derived from feathers.

Feather keratin has a complex structure, hard texture and must be treated to improve its bioavailability. In this paper, according to the designability of DES, some deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared to degrade feathers and extract keratin. Calculations by quantum chemical methods showed that DESs were considered molecular scissors with the ability to break initial hydrogen bonds and form new bonds only when the Gibbs free energy change for the degradation process was ΔG < 0, i.e., hydrogen binding energy ΔE < -0.3038 kcal/mol. Then, the degradation mechanism was predicted to provide guidance for the molecular design of DES. Finally, experimental results showed that the same ratio of choline chloride-based DESs had higher catalytic performance, in which [ChCl][P][ZnCl2] 1:5:2 was used with a high yield of keratin of 85.46 %. DES had a high catalytic performance after multiple recycling cycles and this method has no H2S gas generation, which improves the atomic utilization.

Glucose Hydrogenolysis into 1,2-Propanediol Using a Pt/deAl@Mg(OH)2 Catalyst: Expanding the Application of a Core-Shell Structured Catalyst.

To substitute fossil resources, it is necessary to investigate the conversion of biomass into 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) as a high-value-added chemical. The Pt/deAl-Beta@Mg(OH)2 catalytic system is designed to obtain a higher 1,2-PDO production yield. The optimal yield of 1,2-PDO is 34.1%. The unique shell-core structure of the catalyst demonstrates stability, with a catalytic yield of over 30% after three times of use. The primary process path from glucose to 1,2-PDO, glucose-hexitol-1,2-PDO, is speculated by the experiments of intermediate product selectivity. The alkaline catalytic mechanism of the reaction process is elucidated by studying catalyst characterization and analyzing different time courses of products. The introduction of Mg(OH)2 improves the target yield by promoting the isomerization from glucose to fructose and retro-aldol condensation (RAC) conversion, with pseudo-yield increases of 76.1% and 42.1%, respectively. By studying the processes of producing lactic acid and 1,2-PDO from glucose, the glucose hydrogenolysis flow chart is improved, which is of great significance for accurately controlling 1,2-PDO production in industrial applications. The metal, acid, and alkali synergistic catalytic system constructed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and route reference for applying biomass conversion technology in practice.

Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Survival Outcomes of Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gynecologic Tract: A Large Population-Based Analysis.

Small-cell carcinomas are highly malignant tumors with neuroendocrine function and which often occur in the lungs. Primary small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gynecologic tract are extremely rare. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of independent predictors related to the prognosis and overall survival of patients with small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gynecologic tract. Patients with gynecologic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas diagnosed between 1973 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Univariate and multivariate Cox risk regression analyses were performed to determine the independent predictors of overall survival. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used for comparison. We included 5,15,393 eligible carcinomas in the present study; the prevalence of gynecologic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas was 0.121% (N = 622). Multivariate analysis indicated that advanced age, stage III and IV cancer, and no chemotherapy treatment may be predictors of poor small-cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma prognosis. Stage III and IV cancer and lack of surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy were identified as potential predictors of poor prognosis in patients with ovarian small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that the median survival was 19, 11, and 12 months for cervical, ovarian, and endometrial small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were as follows: 58.8, 31.4, and 26.1%, respectively, for small-cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma; 46.3, 23.5, and 22.0%, respectively, for ovarian small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; and 49.4, 29.4, and 25.9%, respectively, for endometrial small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Our findings indicate that comprehensive and individualized treatment of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gynecologic tract may prolong patient survival, although further studies are required.

High Protonic Conductivity of Three Highly Stable Nanoscale Hafnium(IV) Metal-Organic Frameworks and Their Imidazole-Loaded Products.

Attracted by the exceptional structural rigidity and inherent porous structures of the Hf-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), we adopted a rapid synthesis approach to preparing three nanoscale MOFs, Hf-UiO-66 (1), Hf-UiO-66-(OH)2 (2), and Hf-UiO-66-NH2 (3), and systematically explored the water-assisted proton conductivities of the original ones and the post-modified products. Interestingly, the proton conductivities (σ) of all three MOFs exhibit significant temperature and humidity dependence. At 98% RH and 100 °C, their optimal σ values can reach up to 10-3 S·cm-1. Consequently, imidazole units are loaded into 1-3 to obtain related MOFs, Im@1, Im@2, and Im@3, and the σ values of the imidazole-loaded products are boosted to 10-2 S·cm-1. Note that these modifications not only do not change the frameworks of the pristine MOFs but also do not affect their high chemical and water stability. The proton-conductive mechanisms of these MOFs before and after modification have been thoroughly discussed based on structural analyses, N2 and H2O vapor adsorptions, and activation energy values. The excellent structural stability as well as the durability and stability of their proton conduction ability indicate that these MOFs can be used in the field of fuel cells and so on.

Catalytic production of 1,2-propanediol from sucrose over a functionalized Pt/deAl-beta zeolite catalyst.

To eliminate the dependence on fossil fuels and expand the applications of biomass conversion, an efficient Pt/deAl-beta@Mg(OH)2 catalyst was designed, with dealuminated beta zeolite loaded with Pt as the core and Mg(OH)2 as the shell. The catalyst was used to produce 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) from sucrose. The preparation and reaction conditions of the catalyst were optimized. The optimal yield of 1,2-PDO was 33.5% when the conditions were 20 h of dealumination, 3.0 wt% Pt loading, 5.0 wt% Mg(OH)2, 200 mg of catalyst, 10 mL (11.25 mg mL-1) of sucrose solution, an initial H2 pressure of 6 MPa, 200 °C, and 3 h. The core-shell structure of the modified beta zeolite shows good stability, yielding more than 30.0% after three cycles of reuse. Firstly, the molecular zeolite can host more acid sites after dealumination by concentrated nitric acid and this can prolong the catalyst's service life. Secondly, the loading of Pt increases the distribution of acid sites and improves the shape selectivity of the catalyst. The introduction of alkali produces many alkaline sites, inhibits the occurrence of side reactions, and increases the product yield. The above modification methods increase the production of 1,2-PDO by promoting isomerization between glucose and fructose from sucrose hydrolysis and the reverse aldol condensation (RAC) reaction. This paper provides a theoretical basis and reference route for applying biomass conversion technology in practical production, which is of great significance for developing biomass resources into high-value-added chemical products.

The effect of prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy on ovarian reserve in patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy.

BACKGROUND: Bilateral salpingectomy has been proposed to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but it is not clear whether the surgery affects ovarian reserve. This study compares the impact of laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease with or without prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy on ovarian reserve. METHODS: Records were reviewed for 373 premenopausal women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy with ovarian reserve for benign uterine diseases. The serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and three-dimensional antral follicle count (AFC) were assessed before surgery and 3 and 9 months postoperatively to evaluate ovarian reserve. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they underwent prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy. The incidence of pelvic diseases was monitored until the ninth month after surgery. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two surgery groups in terms of baseline AMH, E2, FSH, LH, and AFC (all P > 0.05). There was no difference in potential bias factors, including patient age, operative time, and blood loss (all P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the two groups 3 months after surgery with respect to AMH (P = 0.763), E2 (P = 0.264), FSH (P = 0.478), LH (P = 0.07), and AFC (P = 0.061). Similarly, there were no differences between groups 9 months after surgery for AMH (P = 0.939), E2 (P = 0.137), FSH (P = 0.276), LH (P = 0.07) and AFC (P = 0.066). At 9 months after the operation, no patients had malignant ovarian tumors. The incidences of benign ovarian tumors in the salpingectomy group were 0 and 2.68 % at 3 and 9 months after surgery, respectively, and the corresponding values in the control group were 0 and 5.36 %. The incidences of pelvic inflammatory disease in the salpingectomy group were 10.72 and 8.04 % at 3 and 9 months after surgery, respectively, while corresponding values in the control group were 24.13 and 16.09 %. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy did not damage the ovarian reserve of reproductive-age women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy. Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy might be a good method to prevent the development of ovarian cancer. Larger clinical trials with longer follow-up times are needed to further evaluate the risks and benefits.

Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes as prognostic markers in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma tumors.

The pathogenesis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PCPG) catecholamine-producing tumors is exceedingly complicated. Here, we sought to identify important genes affecting the prognosis and survival rate of patients suffering from PCPG. We analyzed 95 samples obtained from two microarray data series, GSE19422 and GSE60459, from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. First, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing 87 PCPG tumor samples and eight normal adrenal tissue samples using R language. The GEO2R tool and Venn diagram software were applied to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to analyze Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and Gene Ontology (GO). We further employed Cytoscape with the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) tool to make protein-protein interactions visible for the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). These procedures resulted in 30 candidate DEGs, which were subjected to Kaplan-Meier analysis and validated by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) to determine their influence on overall survival rate. Finally, we identified ALDH3A2 and AKR1B1, two genes in the glycerolipid metabolism pathway, as being particularly enriched in PCPG tumors and correlated with T and B tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Our results suggest that these two DEGs are closely associated with the prognosis of malignant PCPG tumors.

A Retrospective Case Study of 13 Uterine Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasm (PEComa) Patients.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal tumors that originate from perivascular epithelioid cells. The uterus is the second most common organ to be affected by PEComa. Most PEComas are benign and the prognosis is usually good. Surgery is the main treatment at present, and adjuvant therapy is mainly used for malignant cases. However, because of the lack of described cases, the best diagnosis and treatment of these tumors cannot be determined. METHODS: From 2009 to 2020, 13 patients from Shengjing Hospital (China Medical University), with uterine PEComa, who met the inclusion criteria and appropriate pathological diagnosis were enrolled in this study. Clinical, pathological, and therapeutic features were retrospectively analyzed to determine the best approach towards diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: All the enrolled patients underwent surgical treatment; four of them had a malignant PEComa. Three of the malignant patients received chemotherapy after surgery; among them, one died, another showed no obvious recurrence after regular re-examination, and the third did not undergo any further treatment despite short-term recurrence. However, upon regular re-examination, no progress was observed. The fourth malignant patient did not receive chemotherapy after surgery and showed no obvious recurrence during regular reviews. CONCLUSION: The preoperative diagnosis of uterine PEComa lacks specificity and therefore is often confused with uterine leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma. We conclude that uterine PEComa can be diagnosed by combined analysis of immunohistochemistry and post-operative pathology. Though surgical resection is still the main treatment, high-risk patients can be given adjuvant treatment to strengthen disease control.

Significantly improved catalytic efficiency of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase towards N-acetylserotonin by strengthening its interactions with the unnatural substrate's terminal structure.

O-Methylation of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) has been identified as the bottleneck in melatonin biosynthesis pathway. In the present paper, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCOMT) was engineered by rational design to improve its catalytic efficiency in conversion of NAS to melatonin. Based on the notable difference in the terminal structure of caffeic acid and NAS, mutants were designed to strengthen the interactions between the substrate binding pocket of the enzyme and the terminal structure of the unnatural substrate NAS. The final triple mutant (C296F-Q310L-V314T) showed 9.5-fold activity improvement in O-methylation of NAS. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy analysis attributed the increased activity to the higher affinity between the substrate terminal structure and AtCOMT, resulting from the introduction of NH⋯π interaction by Phe296 substitution, hydrophobic interaction by Thr314 substitution and elimination of electrostatic repulsion by substitution of Gln310 with Leu310. This work provides hints for O-methyltransferase engineering and meanwhile lays foundation for biotechnological production of melatonin.

Dickkopf-4 is frequently overexpressed in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and promotes tumor invasion.

BACKGROUND: Dickkopf-4 (DKK4), a member of DKK family, appears to be a divergent protein. It remained multi-biological functions in carcinogenesis. The effect of DKK4 on the ovarian cancer cells remains unclear. This study detected the clinical significance of DKK4 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and its role in invasion. METHODS: QRT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to examine the levels of DKK4 mRNA and protein in 33 EOC tissues and 33 benign ovarian tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess DKK4 expression in 239 EOC samples. siRNA-mediated DKK4 silence was conducted. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasive ability. Phalloidin was used to stain the formations of actin filaments. RESULTS: The expressions of DKK4 mRNA and protein were elevated in EOC tissues as compared with those in benign ovarian tumors (p = 0.001 and <0.0001 respectively). Immunohistochemical results showed the strong expression of DKK4 protein was positively associated with late FIGO stage (p = 0.005) and poor disease free survival in univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). SiRNA-mediated DKK4 knockdown inhibited cell invasive ability (all p < 0.0001) and the formations of actin filaments. DKK4 could promote the phosphration of c-JUN and JNK (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that DKK4 might be contributed to predicting EOC progression and prognosis. DKK4 could promote the invasion of EOC through JNK activation.

miR-762 can negatively regulate menin in ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer accounts for the major part of the mortality attributable to female reproductive system malignant tumors worldwide. Recently, the incidence of ovarian cancer has been increasing annually, and there remains a lack of suitable treatment methods that can significantly improve the 5-year survival rates of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to identify more effective treatments for ovarian cancer. It is established that microRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer and a specific miRNA, miR-762, can promote the development of a variety of tumors. Menin is encoded by MEN1, a tumor suppressor gene, that is usually downregulated in ovarian cancer. In this study, we evaluated the expression levels of miR-762 and menin in ovarian cancer tissues and demonstrated that they were correlated. In addition, we found that miR-762 can downregulate the expression of menin through a binding site in its 3'-UTR and consequently upregulate the Wnt cell signaling pathway to promote the development of ovarian cancer. These results indicate that miR-762 is a promising potential target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Rab14 is overexpressed in ovarian cancers and promotes ovarian cancer proliferation through Wnt pathway.

The Rab GTPase family protein Rab14 has been implicated in cancer development. However, its clinical significance in ovarian cancers and its biological effects have not been examined. The present study aims to examine the clinical significance, biological roles, and molecular mechanism of Rab14 in ovarian cancer progression. We examined expression pattern of Rab14 in 122 cases of ovarian cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry and found Rab14 overexpression correlated with FIGO stage (p = 0.0041). We depleted Rab14 in SKOV3 cells using siRNA and overexpressed Rab14 in SW626 cells. Knockdown of Rab14 inhibited cell growth and invasion while its overexpression facilitated cell growth and invasion. In addition, Rab14 overexpression increased paclitaxel resistance in SW626 cells while its depletion reduced drug resistance. Then, we investigated the role of Rab14 in the regulation of WNT/ß-catenin signaling, demonstrating Rab14 overexpression regulated GSK3ß phosphorylation and nuclear ß-catenin accumulation. Rab14 depletion inhibited while its overexpression enhanced TCF transcriptional activity with corresponding change of Wnt target genes including MMP7 and c-myc. Wnt inhibitor abolished the effect of Rab14 on cell proliferation and Wnt target genes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Rab14 promotes aggressiveness of ovarian cancer cell through, at least partly, Wnt signaling pathway.

Wnt-11 overexpression promoting the invasion of cervical cancer cells.

Wnt-11 is a positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. However, Wnt-11 expression in cervical cancer has not been well investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Wnt-11 in cervical tumor proliferation and invasion. This study examined 24 normal cervical squamous epithelia, 29 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 78 cervical cancer samples. The expression of Wnt-11 was investigated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The expression of the high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) E6 oncoprotein was also investigated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of Wnt-11, HR-HPV E6, JNK-1, phosphorylated JNK-1(P-JNK1), and ß-catenin was examined by western blot analysis following Wnt-11 knockdown or overexpression in HeLa or SiHa cells, respectively. The promotion of cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion was investigated using the cell counting kit-8 and Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Wnt-11 and HR-HPV E6 expression increased in a manner that corresponded with the progression of cervical cancer and was significantly correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cancer stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and HPV infection. Wnt-11 protein expression was positively associated with HR-HPV E6 protein expression in all 78 cervical cancer samples (P < 0.001). Furthermore, Wnt-11 was positively associated with P-JNK1 expression and promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion. These observations suggest that the increased Wnt-11 expression observed in cervical cancer cells may lead to the phosphorylation and activation of JNK-1 and significantly promote tumor cell proliferation and cell migration/invasion through activation of the Wnt/JNK pathway. Consequently, Wnt-11 may serve as a novel target for cervical cancer therapy.

[Determination of R(-)- isomer in repaglinide tablets by capillary electrophoresis].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a capillary electrophoresis system for enantiomeric impurity test of repaglinide. METHODS: An uncoated fused silica capillary (50 µm×50 cm, with an effective length of 41 cm) was used. The running buffer was composed of 30 mmol/L NaH2PO4 and 5 mg/ml carboxymethyl-ß-cyclodextrin(pH 3.5). RESULTS: Linear range was 2.00-80.00 µg/ml (correlation coefficient was 0.9993). The average recovery rate was 92.5% to 105.0%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and sensitive and it can be used for determination of enantiomeric impurities in repaglinide tablet.

[Determination of enantiomeric impurity in levocetirizine tablets by capillary electrophoresis].

OBJECTIVE: To determine enantiomeric impurity in levocetirizine tablets by using capillary electrophoresis. METHODS: The effects of pH and the concentrations of sulfated-Β-cyclodextrin (S-Β-CD) and buffer salt on chiral resolution were examined with S-Β-CD as chiral selector. RESULTS: A good enantioseparation of cetirizine was achieved with 30 mmol/L NaH2PO4 buffer solution (pH 7.0) containing 20 g/L of S-Β-CD. CONCLUSION: The method developed in the study is sensitive and reliable for determination of enantiomeric impurity in levocetirizine tablets.

Distribution of various types of low-risk human papillomavirus according to cervical cytology and histology in northern Chinese women.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of specific types of low-risk (LR) human papillomavirus (HPV) among a general population of northern Chinese women. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2012, 118 096 women were tested with the HPV Geno-Array Test Kit (HybriBio) at China Medical University's Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, Shenyang, China. Among these women, 80 418 underwent cervical cytology and colposcopic examination, and 30 961 of these had a cervical biopsy. The prevalence of HPV infection among the women was analyzed according to age, and cytologic and histologic findings. RESULTS: CP8304 was the most common type of LR-HPV overall, and was most prevalent in the youngest age group. The overall prevalence of LR-HPV (averaged across all types) was 1.7% in women with normal cytology, 8.8% in those with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 8.0% in those with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 5.8% in those with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). LR-HPV alone, without any high-risk (HR)-HPV, was most common among women with ASCUS and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) not otherwise specified (CINNOS) together. Co-infections of LR-HPV and HR-HPV were most common among women with LSIL and CIN1. CONCLUSION: These data will facilitate modeling of the cost-effectiveness of a prophylactic LR-HPV vaccination in China.