ABSTRACT
Heatstroke not only directly induces cell injury, but also causes large amounts of inflammatory mediators release and cells with extensive biological activities to induce a systemic inflammatory response and immune dysfunction. This study aimed to observe the effects of JAK2 inhibitor AG490 on the brain injury and inflammatory responses of rats with systemic heatstroke. Under the light microscope, the hippocampus tissues of rat with heatstroke were edema and apoptotic rate was increased. Up-regulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and down-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also found after heatstroke in rats, which compared with that of the control group. Heatstroke induced inflammation factors secretions and up-regulated levels of matrix metallopeptidase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP-9) and systemic inflammatory response molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-beta 1 (TNF-ß1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). However, the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 was significantly attenuated the brain injury and inflammatory responses induced by heatstroke in rats. The survival time of heatstroke rats showed that AG490 notably lived longer than heatstroke rats without AG490 treatment. These findings suggest that AG490 may prevent the occurrence of heatstroke via inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and the systemic inflammatory responses.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Heat Stroke/drug therapy , Hippocampus/drug effects , Inflammation/prevention & control , Janus Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Tyrphostins/pharmacology , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Brain Edema/enzymology , Brain Edema/immunology , Brain Edema/pathology , Brain Edema/prevention & control , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Heat Stroke/enzymology , Heat Stroke/immunology , Heat Stroke/pathology , Hippocampus/enzymology , Hippocampus/immunology , Hippocampus/pathology , Inflammation/enzymology , Inflammation/immunology , Inflammation/pathology , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism , Janus Kinase 2/metabolism , Male , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Time Factors , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolismABSTRACT
The detection of the infertile eggs and fertile eggs by the near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra was proposed. Models based on different band regions range, different principal component numbers and the different spectral pre-processing methods were compared and the optimal calibration model was established. The results show that qualitative forecasting model of hatching eggs is established by Mahalanobis Distance, which is with band regions range being 4 119.20-9 881.46 cm(-1), principal component number being 19 and spectral pre-processing method being SNV + first derivative + Norris differential filter. The precision rate of calibration set is 92.5% and that of validation set is 91.67%. The study provides a new way for nondestructive testing of the fertile eggs and infertile eggs prior to incubation.
