ABSTRACT
The combined effects of biochar and Chlorella under aquaculture wastewater irrigation in improving saline-alkali soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and rice yield, is not yet clear. This study utilized soil physicochemical indicators and gene sequencing to examine the effect of salinity stress, biochar and Chlorella under aquaculture wastewater irrigation on soil properties, bacterial community compositions, and rice production. Treatments included three factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications: (i) Biochar - 40 tons ha -1 (BW) versus no-biochar (BN); (ii) Salinity - 3 salinity (SH) versus 1 salinity (SL); and (iii) Chlorella - with 107 cells mL -1 Chlorella (CW) versus no-Chlorella (CN). The results revealed that increased salinity adversely affected the soil nutrients (TOC, NO3â»-N, NH4+-N, Olsen-P), and enzyme activity (urease, sucrase, catalase), resulting in a 9.67% reduction in rice yield compared to SL treatment. However, the close correlation between alterations in soil bacterial communities, functions, and soil physicochemical properties, as well as rice yield, indicated that biochar and Chlorella promoted rice yield by enhancing the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil and bacterial community when irrigated with aquaculture wastewater: (1) addition of biochar increased the146.05% rice yield by increasing TOC content, the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence patterns, nitrogen fixation potential, and nitrification potential, (2) addition of Chlorella increased TOC, NO3â»-N, NH4+-N, enhanced urease, sucrase, catalase activity, and nitrification potential to increased rice yield by 60.29%, and (3) compared with the treatment T3 (SHBNCN), the treatments with biochar (BW) and Chlorella (CW) increased the yield by 561.30% and 445.03% under 1 and 3 salinity, respectively. These findings provide novel perspectives on the capacity of biochar and Chlorella to improve saline-alkali soil properties and increase rice yield irrigated with aquaculture wastewater.
Subject(s)
Agricultural Irrigation , Chlorella , Oryza , Wastewater , Alkalies , Aquaculture , Bacteria/genetics , Catalase , Soil , Sucrase , Urease , Agricultural Irrigation/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To design DNA microarray and investigate the molecular anti-tumor mechanism of herbs of traditional Chinese medicine. METHOD: cDNA microarrays consisting of 56 probes representing 24 human cell cycle genes were constructed, Four anti-hepatocarcinoma herbs including Radix Linderae, Hebra Artemisiae Annuae, Radix Amebiae, Radix Astragli, were chosen. Effects of herbs on SMMC-7721 cell cycle were observed by flow cytometry assay. Effects of herbs on cell cycle gene expression in SMMC-7721 cells were analyzed by comparing hybridization of Dig-Labeled cDNAs from herb-treated cells and cDNAs from untreated cells. RESULT: Expressions of cell cycle geneswere changed in different degrees after herbs treated. Some genes were down-regulated and some genes were up-regulated. The changes in gene expression agreed with the results of flow cytometry assay. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that these herbs may have effects on cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoint genes which may be the mechanism of the herbs, and DNA microarray can be used to investigate the biological function of extracts of traditional Chinese medicine.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Plants, Medicinal , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Artemisia/chemistry , Astragalus propinquus/chemistry , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Gene Amplification , Gene Expression Profiling , Genes, cdc/drug effects , Humans , Lindera/chemistry , Lithospermum/chemistry , Liver Neoplasms/metabolism , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/genetics , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism , cdc25 Phosphatases/genetics , cdc25 Phosphatases/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To screen and identify the differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cells SMMC-7721 responsing to the aqueous extract from dried powdered rhizomes of Typhonium giganteum (AEoTGE). METHOD: The response of hepatocellular carcinoma cells SMMC-7721 to AEoTGE was explored with the technique of mRNA differential display. RESULT: After hepatocarcinoma cells SMMC-7721 were treated by AEoTGE for 36 hours, 1 gene expression was upgrade and 1 gene expression was downgrade induced by AEoTGE. CONCLUSION: The research has provided important clues for the molecular mechanism of how hepatocarcinoma cells responseing to T. giganteum.
