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1.
Biodegradation ; 32(2): 217-228, 2021 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33710458

ABSTRACT

Compost has been widely used in agriculture in recent years, but the nutrients it provides are far from enough for plant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically explore the fermentation process of composting. In this study, the succession of microbial community and metabolite characteristics in compost were analyzed by using microbial sequencing and metabolomics techniques. The results showed that compared with mesophilic phase and cooling phase, the richness and diversity of bacterial community decreased in thermophilic phase. At the genus level, Pseudomonas (8.90%), Lactobacillus (3.99%), Bacteroidetes (3.39%), Flavobacterium (3.25%) and Prevotella (Prevotella_9, 2.33%, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, 2.44%) were the dominant genera in the pig manure composting. The abundance of Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium increased significantly while Lactobacillus and Prevotella were significantly decreased after composting, and the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased first and then decreased. Fatty acyls, sterol lipids, glycerophospholipids, polyketides and prenol lipids were common microbial metabolites in compost. Moreover, the linoleic acid metabolic pathway was significantly enriched in the three stages of composting, and linoleic acid metabolism might be the primary function of the microbial community in composting. The network analysis showed that between the microbial communities or between the microbial community and metabolites were closely related to each other.


Subject(s)
Composting , Microbiota , Animals , Biodegradation, Environmental , Manure , Metabolomics , Soil , Swine
2.
Inorg Chem ; 58(22): 15498-15506, 2019 Nov 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31693346

ABSTRACT

Ni-rich layered metal oxide of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 is a promising cathode material for next-generation lithium ion batteries because of its capability to deliver a high capacity; however, intrinsic problems, especially the side reactions between Ni4+ ions and the electrolyte, adversely affect its electrochemical and thermal stability. Surface coating by a protective and Li+-conducting Li2TiO3 layer is a strategic approach to remit those problems. The normal deposition strategies depend on the hydrolysis of titanium alkoxides, making it difficult to control the reaction equilibrium. Herein we report a near-equilibrium deposition tactic to achieve a uniform Li2TiO3 nanoscale layer coated on the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 microspheres to improve electrochemical performance and thermal stability. With pH modulation and BO33- scavenger in the (NH4)2TiF6 precursor solution, the ion product for the coating layer is controlled to be slightly bigger than its solubility product. The hydrolysis reaction chemistry can thus be manipulated at a near-equilibrium condition. Within the critical pH range of 4.8-5.2, a uniform coating layer of Li2TiO3 with the thickness of about 4 nm can be successfully deposited on the surface of the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material, which greatly enhances its capacity retention to 93.5% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. The appropriate Li2TiO3 coating can increase the mobility of Li ions and suppress the side reactions between electrolytes and cathode materials, which further makes the modified cathode display the higher peak temperature in differential scanning calorimetry analysis and capacity enhancement at 60 °C, which are related to safety concerns.

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