ABSTRACT
Development of new inhibitors targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) with improved efficacy for solid tumor therapy is urgently needed. Here, we report the development of a novel HDAC inhibitor TMU-35435 and verify it as a single agent and in combination treatment with DNA demethylation reagent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) in lung cancer preclinical models. TMU-35435 exerted cancer-specific cytotoxicity via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Expression microarrays revealed a unique TMU-35435-induced gene networks enriched in biological processes, including "negative regulation of cell proliferation" and "Wnt receptor signaling pathway" compared to FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor SAHA. TMU-35435 inhibited tumor growth with good pharmacokinetic properties and safety features in lung orthotopic and subcutaneously implanted xenograft models. TMU-35435 and 5-aza-dC showed synergistic antitumor effects through reactivation of tumor suppressor genes and those genes encoding negative regulators of Wnt signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Some genes showed additive inhibition of DNA methylation upon TMU-35435 and 5-aza-dC combined treatment. Our findings suggested that TMU-35435 is a potential HDAC inhibitor for lung cancer treatment as a single agent and in combination with 5-aza-dC.
Subject(s)
Amides/chemistry , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , DNA Methylation/drug effects , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects , Acetylation , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives , Azacitidine/pharmacology , Blotting, Western , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Decitabine , Drug Synergism , Drug Therapy, Combination , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Histones/metabolism , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Many histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show limited therapeutic effects for solid tumors. Here, we develop a novel HDAC inhibitor YCW1 and verify the combination effect of YCW1 and cisplatin in lung cancer pre-clinical models. YCW1 exerted cancer-specific cytotoxicity via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. YCW1 and cisplatin showed synergistic anti-tumor effects through impairment of DNA damage repair. YCW1 inhibited tumor growth in lung orthotopic and subcutaneously implanted xenograft models. YCW1 significantly suppressed lung metastases via inhibition of focal adhesion complex. Our findings suggested that YCW1 is a potential HDAC inhibitor for lung cancer treatment as single and in combination regimens with cisplatin.
