CYP2C19 genotype and sodium channel blockers in lacosamide-treated children with epilepsy: two major determinants of trough lacosamide concentration or clinical response.

Background: The widespread clinical use of lacosamide (LCM) has revealed significant individual differences in clinical response, with various reported influencing factors. However, it remains unclear how genetic factors related to the disposition and clinical response of LCM, as well as drug-drug interactions (DDIs), exert their influence on pediatric patients with epilepsy. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of genetic variations and DDIs on plasma LCM concentrations and clinical response. Design: Patients with epilepsy treated with LCM from June 2021 to March 2023 in the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included in the analysis. Methods: The demographic information and laboratory examination data were obtained from the hospital information system. For the pharmacogenetic study, the left-over blood specimens, collected for routine plasma LCM concentration monitoring, were used to perform genotyping analysis for the selected 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 14 genes. The trough concentration/daily dose (C 0/D) ratio and efficacy outcomes were compared. Results: Patients achieved 90.1% and 68.9% responder rates in LCM mono- and add-on therapy, respectively. The genetic variant in the CYP2C19 *2 (rs4244285) was associated with a better responsive treatment outcome (odds ratio: 1.82; 95% confidence interval: 1.05-3.15; p = 0.031). In monotherapy, 36% of patients were CYP2C19 normal metabolizers (NMs), 49% were intermediate metabolizers (IMs), and 15% were poor metabolizers (PMs) carrying CYP2C19 *2 or *3. Of note, the C 0/D ratios of IMs and PMs were 9.1% and 39.6% higher than those of NMs, respectively. Similar results were in the add-on therapy group, and we also observed a substantial decrease in the C 0/D ratio when patients were concomitant with sodium channel blockers (SCBs). Conclusion: This study was the first to confirm that CYP2C19 *2 or *3 variants impact the disposition and treatment response of LCM in children with epilepsy. Moreover, concomitant with SCBs, particularly oxcarbazepine, also decreased plasma LCM concentration.

CYP2C19 genotype and sodium channel blockers in lacosamide-treated children with epilepsy: two major determinants of plasma lacosamide concentration or treatment efficacy This study examined the impact of genetic factors and drug combinations on the effectiveness and plasma concentrations of lacosamide, an antiseizure medication, in patients under 18. Analyzing blood samples from 316 patients at the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, researchers discovered that genetic variations in the CYP2C19 (i.e. *2 and *3), along with metabolic capacity, and co-medication with sodium channel blockers, all influence plasma lacosamide concentration. Understanding these genetic influences could inform personalized dosing strategies, improving the medication's management for pediatric epilepsy patients.

A Study on the Liquid Helium Temperature Tensile Property of Fe-21Cr-15Ni-5Mn-2Mo Austenitic Stainless Steel after Solution Treatment.

A novel non-magnetic Fe-21Cr-15Ni-5Mn-2Mo austenitic stainless steel with high strength and plasticity has been developed. The microstructure and liquid helium temperature (4.2 K) tensile properties of the top and bottom samples of large-size forged flat steel after solution treatment at 1090 °C were investigated. The results showed that the average grain size of the bottom sample (48.0 ± 6.7 µm) was smaller than that of the top sample (58.8 ± 15.3 µm), and the MX precipitates and Z phases were distributed in the matrix of the samples. The 4.2 K strengths of the samples at the top and bottom were high, and large amounts of annealing twin boundaries played a certain role in strengthening. After cryogenic tensile testing, large amounts of deformation twins, stacking faults, and dislocations were generated inside the austenite grains of both samples, which helped the material to obtain higher plasticity and strength. The top and bottom samples possessed excellent synergies of strength and plasticity at 4.2 K, and the 4.2 K tensile properties of the top sample were as follows: ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1850 MPa, yield strength (YS) of 1363 MPa, and elongation (EL) of 26%. The tested steel is thus believed to meet the requirements of combined excellent strength and plasticity within a deep cryogenic environment, and it would be a promising material candidate for manufacturing superconducting coil cases to serve in new generation fusion engineering.

Birdlike broadband neuromorphic visual sensor arrays for fusion imaging.

Wearable visual bionic devices, fueled by advancements in artificial intelligence, are making remarkable progress. However, traditional silicon vision chips often grapple with high energy losses and challenges in emulating complex biological behaviors. In this study, we constructed a van der Waals P3HT/GaAs nanowires P-N junction by carefully directing the arrangement of organic molecules. Combined with a Schottky junction, this facilitated multi-faceted birdlike visual enhancement, including broadband non-volatile storage, low-light perception, and a near-zero power consumption operating mode in both individual devices and 5 × 5 arrays on arbitrary substrates. Specifically, we realized over 5 bits of in-memory sensing and computing with both negative and positive photoconductivity. When paired with two imaging modes (visible and UV), our reservoir computing system demonstrated up to 94% accuracy for color recognition. It achieved motion and UV grayscale information extraction (displayed with sunscreen), leading to fusion visual imaging. This work provides a promising co-design of material and device for a broadband and highly biomimetic optoelectronic neuromorphic system.

Bionic Robot with Multifunctional Leg-Arm Mechanism for In-Orbit Assembly of Space Trusses.

This article aims to address the in-orbit assembly needs of truss structures in space missions by designing a robot capable of moving on trusses and manipulating parts. To enhance the stability of the robot during movement and part manipulation, inspiration was drawn from the Dynastes Hercules beetle. Building upon detailed research on the Dynastes Hercules beetle, a biomimetic structure was designed for the robot system. Based on specific task requirements, the overall plan of the robot was developed, and its kinematic and dynamic models were derived. A prototype of the robot was created, which is capable of both movement and assembly functions, including handling spherical and rod-like objects. Through a series of experiments conducted with the robot, the research results demonstrated that the proposed design can effectively achieve the intended functions.

Psychosocial Phenotypes of Older Adults With Pain and Their Associated Clinical Outcomes.

A comprehensive understanding of the patterns of psychosocial characteristics in older adults with pain is needed. Our objectives were to (1) identify psychosocial phenotypes (comprising depression, anxiety, affect, self-realization, resilience, and social participation) among older adults with pain and (2) compare pain characteristics, physical health, and cognition among the identified phenotypes. Using cross-sectional 2021 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we performed latent class analysis to identify four psychosocial phenotypes of older adults with pain (N = 1903): Favorable (best psychosocial characteristics, 67.7%), Adverse (worst psychosocial characteristics, 4.9%), Intermediate (moderate scores on psychosocial variables, 12.6%), and Compensated (moderate scores with relatively high self-realization and resilience, 14.9%). Phenotypes with less psychosocial adversity had generally better clinical outcomes. Future research should explore precision pain management interventions in older adults based on their psychosocial phenotypes, longitudinal trajectories of phenotypes, and technology-based, point-of-care clinical insights for pain management.

Unveiling the immune-modulating power of THz-FEL irradiation.

As terahertz (THz) technology advances, the interaction between THz radiation and the living body, particularly its effects on the immune system, has attracted extensive attention but remains poorly understood. This study firstly elucidated that exposure to 3 THz-FEL radiation markedly suppressed contact hypersensitivity reactions in mice induced by DNFB, as evidenced by a reduction in ear thickness and a discernible recovery in the Th1/Th2 cell balance. 3 THz irradiation led to cellular stress in the irradiated skin locale, increasing the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 and modulating the activity and migration of dendritic cells and mast cells. Furthermore, THz irradiation precipitated a rapid alteration in the skin lipidome, altering several categories of bioactive lipids. These findings offer new insights into the immunomodulatory effects of THz radiation on living organisms and the potential underlying mechanisms, with implications for the development of therapeutic approaches in managing skin allergic diseases.

Association between meeting 24-hour movement behavior guidelines and quality of life in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

BACKGROUND: Meeting the 24-hour movement behavior (24-HMB) guideline helps enhance quality of life (QOL) of adolescents. This study aimed to assess the associations between the 24-HMB (physical activity, screen time, sleep) and QOL among adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 and September 2023. 24-HMB, QOL and demographic variables were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Linear regression models and stratified analyses were used to explore statistical associations between the 24-HMB and QOL. RESULTS: A total of 1073 participants aged 10-18 years with a spinal Cobb angle between 10° and 40° were included. Overall, 20 participants (1.9%) met all three behavioral guidelines, and 272 participants (25.3%) met none. Compared to those who did not meet any of the guidelines, adolescents meeting both screen time and sleep duration (ß = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.02-6.18, P < 0.001) and all 3 guidelines (ß = 4.39, 95% CI: 0.27-8.51, P = 0.037) had higher QOL scores. Stratified analyses showed that the above associations were more pronounced in adolescents without back pain or with good self-image. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of adopting and maintaining healthy behavioral habits in order to improve QOL among adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, especially in those without back pain or with good self-image.

Malignant melanoma meningeal metastasis with concurrent hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid: A case report.

Malignant melanoma meningeal metastasis (MMMM) is a rare clinical condition with a poor prognosis. The observation of hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in this type of disease is relatively uncommon and may indicate disease progression. The present study reports the case of a 51-year-old male with malignant melanoma who presented with a headache. Imaging studies did not identify abnormalities; however, an analysis of the CSF revealed hemorrhagic changes. The results of cytological examination of the CSF showed melanoma cells, leading to the final diagnosis of MMMM. This case emphasizes the importance of monitoring neurological symptoms and conducting comprehensive CSF cytological examination in patients with melanoma, creating disease awareness in clinicians.

Comparison of the safety and efficacy of three superficial skin closure methods for multi-layer wound closure in total knee arthroplasty: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Good wound healing is critical to infection prophylaxis and satisfactory rehabilitation in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Currently, two techniques, i.e., barbed continuous subcuticular suture without skin adhesive or combined use skin adhesive (n-butyl-2) are being used for superficial wound closure of TKA. While a new skin adhesive (2-octyl) with self-adhesive mesh has been employed as an alternative to conventional surgical skin closure in TKA, its superiority, especially in reducing wound complications and improving wound cosmetic outcomes has not been investigated. This study aimed to compare 2-octyl, n-butyl-2, and no skin adhesive in terms of safety and efficacy in TKA superficial wound closure. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study in 105 patients undergoing primary TKA between May 2022 and October 2023. Each patient's knee was randomized to receive 2-octyl, n-butyl-2, or no skin adhesive skin closure with all using barbed continuous sutures in deep tissue. Wounds were followed 1, 3, 5 days, 2, 6 weeks, and 3 months after surgery. Wound discharge, complications, cosmetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and wound-related costs were compared among these three methods. RESULTS: Wound discharge was less in 2-octyl group and n-butyl-2 group than in non-adhesive group at 1 day, with the discharge only being less in 2-octyl group than in the non-adhesive group at day 3 and day 5 days (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of other wound complications among the groups (P > 0.05). The 2-octyl group achieved better cosmetic effects than the other two groups in 6 weeks and 3 months (P < 0.05). Compared to the non-adhesive group, 2-octyl group scored higher in overall patient satisfaction score in 2 weeks and incurred lower costs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Skin closure in TKA using 2-octyl adhesive material showed superiority when compared to no skin adhesive or n-butyl-2, in reducing wound discharge, improving the cosmetic outcomes, without increasing wound complications. In addition, the use of 2-octyl yielded better patient satisfaction and also was less costly compared to no skin adhesive. Our study exhibited that 2-octyl was a safe and effective wound closure technique for patients undergoing TKA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study has been registered at Clinical Trials. Gov (No. ChiCTR210046442).

Gamma-glutamyl transferase secreted by Helicobacter pylori promotes the development of gastric cancer by affecting the energy metabolism and histone methylation status of gastric epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is critical in the development and occurrence of gastric cancer. H. pylori secretes gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), which affects energy metabolism and histone methylation in mesenchymal stem cells. However, its effect on human gastric epithelial cells remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GGT on energy metabolism and histone methylation in gastric epithelial cells and determine its role in the development and progression of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. METHODS: A GGT knockout H. pylori strain and mouse gastric cancer model were constructed, and alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) was added. The underlying mechanism was investigated using proteomics, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and other experimental assays. RESULTS: H. pylori can colonize the host's stomach and destroy the gastric epithelium. GGT secreted by H. pylori decreased the concentration of glutamine in the stomach and increased H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 expression, which promoted the proliferation and migration of gastric epithelial cells. Additionally, α-KG reversed this effect. GGT increased the tumorigenic ability of nude mice. GGT, secreted by H. pylori, promoted the expression of ribosomal protein L15 (RPL15), while GGT knockout and supplementation with α-KG and trimethylation inhibitors reduced RPL15 expression and Wnt signaling pathway expression. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori secreted GGT decreased the expression of glutamine and α-KG in gastric epithelial cells, increased the expression of histones H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, and activated the Wnt signaling pathway through RPL15 expression, ultimately changing the biological characteristics of the gastric epithelium and promoting the occurrence of gastric cancer. Altered energy metabolism and histone hypermethylation are important factors involved in this process.

Worldwide burden of liver cancer across childhood and adolescence, 2000-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Liver cancer is a significant contributor to the global disease burden, of which hepatoblastomas are the most common liver tumors in children, with 90% of cases occurring within the first 5 years of life. It is important for pediatricians and subspecialists in pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology to have knowledge of the epidemiology and incidence trends of pediatric hepatic cancer, despite its rarity. In the present study, we first provide estimates of the incidence and mortality burden of hepatoblastoma and liver cancer from 2000 to 2021 in the childhood and adolescence. Methods: Liver cancer burden and its attributable risk factors were estimated using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Percentage change was estimated to show the trend of liver cancer estimates from 2000 to 2021. The age-standardized rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were utilized for measuring hepatoblastomas incidence and deaths rate trends. In accordance with the GBD framework, 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for all estimates by averaging the data from 1000 draws, with the lower and upper bounds of the 95% UIs. Findings: Globally, from 2000 to 2021 in the age 5-19 years group, the incidence cases and deaths cases due to liver cancer decreased from 2449.2 (95% UI: 2235.9-2689.8) to 1692.9 (95% UI: 1482.0-1992.5) and 2248.5 (95% UI: 2053.7-2474.9) to 1516.6 (95% UI: 1322.1-1797.9), respectively. Meanwhile, from 2000 to 2021 in the age 20-24 years group, the incidence cases and deaths cases due to liver cancer decreased from 1453.5 (95% UI: 1327.8-1609.4) to 1285.1 (95% UI: 1159.2-1447.2) and 1432.3 (95% UI: 1307.6-1585.7) to 1195.5 (95% UI: 1066.1-1355.2), respectively. In addition, the prevalence of liver cancer decreased from 41.9% (95% UI: 18.7%-64.7%) to 26.4% (95% UI: 14.2%-39.1%) in the age 5-19 years group, and 46.6% (95% UI: 42.8%-51.5%) to 36.5% (95% UI: 33.1%-40.9%) in the age 20-24 years. From 2000 to 2021, in the age group of 5-19 years, the proportion of liver cancer incidence due to hepatitis B has decreased from 42.2% to 37.9%, while the proportion due to hepatitis C has increased from 1.1% to 1.6%. Additionally, there has been an increase in the proportion of NASH-induced liver cancer incidence from 5.2% to 9.4%, and alcohol use induced liver cancer incidence has also increased from 0.5% to 0.7% over the same period. Globally, from 2000 to 2021, the incidence cases and deaths cases due to hepatoblastoma decreased from 6131.8 (95% UI: 5234.8-6961.9) to 4045.6 (95% UI: 3250-4995.8) and 4059.2 (95% UI: 3494.5-4621.2) to 2416 (95% UI: 1940.2-3022.5), respectively. There was some variation in age-related sex-specific patterns, the highest number of hepatoblastoma incidence cases occurred in children between 2 and 4 years old and females in the age range of 12 months to 9 years had a higher number of new cases. Importantly, the incidence of hepatoblastoma was started to increase sharply after the age of 1 month. Interpretation: The results of the present study are significant for liver health policy and practice in childhood and adolescence. Differentiated intervention and outreach strategies based on age and gender would be necessary to reduce the impact of liver cancer. Early screening and interventions for hepatoblastoma is important especially in the population of under 9 years old. Funding: This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant numbers 2023YFC2307000), National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 82170571 and 81974068], China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant numbers 2023M741283).

Experimental Study on Influence of Lime on Cross-Scale Characteristics of Cemented Backfill with Multiple Solid Wastes.

The utilization of industrial solid waste in mines is an important approach to resource utilization. The backfill material in mines is mainly composed of solid waste, which plays a supporting role. The excitation effect of lime on phosphogypsum and fly ash in backfill was studied in this paper. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the backfill material were tested using uniaxial compression, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical techniques, and a relationship model was established between them. Furthermore, the influence of industrial solid waste on the properties of the backfill material under the action of lime and the hydration mechanism between different industrial solid wastes were studied. The results show that (1) under the action of lime, fly ash reacts with lime to produce C-S-H and C-A-H, and then C-A-H reacts with phosphogypsum to produce AFt. (2) The excess phosphogypsum also fills the pores. Therefore, 1.8% lime reduces the porosity of the backfill by 17.88% and increases the strength by 21.57%. (3) The cross-scale relationship shows that strength is inversely proportional to each type of pore content and fractal dimension, and it logarithmically increases with impedance at different frequencies. The lower the frequency, the stronger the relationship is. (4) This study indicates that industrial solid waste is a suitable cement replacement.

Exploration of Response Mechanisms in the Gills of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to Cadmium Exposure through Integrative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses.

Marine mollusks, including oysters, are highly tolerant to high levels of cadmium (Cd), but the molecular mechanisms underlying their molecular response to acute Cd exposure remain unclear. In this study, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was used as a biological model, exposed to acute Cd stress for 96 h. Transcriptomic analyses of their gills were performed, and metabolomic analyses further validated these results. In our study, a total of 111 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 2108 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under acute Cd exposure. Further analyses revealed alterations in key genes and metabolic pathways associated with heavy metal stress response. Cd exposure triggered physiological and metabolic responses in oysters, including enhanced oxidative stress and disturbances in energy metabolism, and these changes revealed the biological response of oysters to acute Cd stress. Moreover, oysters could effectively enhance the tolerance and detoxification ability to acute Cd exposure through activating ABC transporters, enhancing glutathione metabolism and sulfur relay system in gill cells, and regulating energy metabolism. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of acute Cd stress in oysters and explores the molecular mechanism of high tolerance to Cd in oysters by using combined metabolomics and transcriptome analysis.

Integrating automated machine learning and metabolic reprogramming for the identification of microplastic in soil: A case study on soybean.

The accumulation of polyethylene microplastic (PE-MPs) in soil can significantly impact plant quality and yield, as well as affect human health and food chain cycles. Therefore, developing rapid and effective detection methods is crucial. In this study, traditional machine learning (ML) and H2O automated machine learning (H2O AutoML) were utilized to offer a powerful framework for detecting PE-MPs (0.1 %, 1 %, and 2 % by dry soil weight) and the co-contamination of PE-MPs and fomesafen (a common herbicide) in soil. The development of the framework was based on the results of the metabolic reprogramming of soybean plants. Our study stated that traditional ML exhibits lower accuracy due to the challenges associated with optimizing complex parameters. H2O AutoML can accurately distinguish between clean soil and contaminated soil. Notably, H2O AutoML can detect PE-MPs as low as 0.1 % (with 100 % accuracy) and co-contamination of PE-MPs and fomesafen (with 90 % accuracy) in soil. The VIP and SHAP analyses of the H2O AutoML showed that PE-MPs and the co-contamination of PE-MPs and fomesafen significantly interfered with the antioxidant system and energy regulation of soybean. We hope this study can provide a reliable scientific basis for sustainable development of the environment.

Superlarge, Rigidified DNA Tetrahedron with a Y-Shaped Backbone for Organizing Biomolecules Spatially and Maintaining Their Full Bioactivity.

A major impediment to the clinical translation of DNA tiling nanostructures is a technical bottleneck for the programmable assembly of DNA architectures with well-defined local geometry due to the inability to achieve both sufficient structural rigidity and a large framework. In this work, a Y-backbone was inserted into each face to construct a superlarge, sufficiently rigidified tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (called RDT) with extremely high efficiency. In RDT, the spatial size increased by 6.86-fold, and the structural rigidity was enhanced at least 4-fold, contributing to an ∼350-fold improvement in the resistance to nucleolytic degradation even without a protective coating. RDT can be mounted onto an artificial lipid-bilayer membrane with molecular-level precision and well-defined spatial orientation that can be validated using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. The spatial orientation of Y-shaped backbone-rigidified RDT is unachievable for conventional DNA polyhedrons and ensures a high level of precision in the geometric positioning of diverse biomolecules with an approximately homogeneous environment. In tests of RDT, surface-confined horseradish peroxidase (HRP) exhibited nearly 100% catalytic activity and targeting aptamer-immobilized gold nanoparticles showed 5.3-fold enhanced cellular internalization. Significantly, RDT exhibited a 27.5-fold enhanced structural stability in a bodily environment and did not induce detectable systemic toxicity.

Glycogen Quantification and Gender Identification in Di-, Tri-, and Tetraploid Crassostrea gigas Using Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has become an essential tool for non-destructive analysis in various fields, including aquaculture. This study presents a pioneering application of portable NIR spectrometers to analyze glycogen content in the gonadal tissues of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), marking the first instance of developing quantitative models for glycogen in tetraploid C. gigas. The research also provides a comparative analysis with models for diploid and triploid oysters, underscoring the innovative use of portable NIR technology in aquaculture. Two portable NIR spectrometers were employed: the Micro NIR 1700 (908-1676 nm) and the Micro PHAZIR RX (1624-2460 nm). Near-infrared spectra were acquired from the gonadal tissues of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid C. gigas. Quantitative models for glycogen content were developed and validated using cross-validation methods. Additionally, qualitative models for different ploidies and genders were established. For the Micro NIR 1700, the cross-validation correlation coefficients (Rcv) and cross-validation relative predictive errors (RPDcv) for glycogen were 0.949 and 3.191 for diploids, 0.915 and 2.498 for triploids, and 0.902 and 2.310 for tetraploids. The Micro PHAZIR RX achieved Rcv and RPDcv values of 0.781 and 2.240 for diploids, 0.839 and 2.504 for triploids, and 0.717 and 1.851 for tetraploids. The Micro NIR 1700 demonstrated superior quantitative performance, with RPD values exceeding 2, indicating its effectiveness in predicting glycogen content across different ploidy levels. Qualitative models showed a performance index of 91.6 for diploid and 95 for tetraploid genders using the Micro NIR 1700, while the Micro PHAZIR RX achieved correct identification rates of 99.79% and 100% for diploid and tetraploid genders, respectively. However, differentiation of ploidies was less successful with both instruments. This study's originality lies in establishing the first quantitative models for glycogen content in tetraploid C. gigas using portable NIR spectrometers, highlighting the significant advancements in non-destructive glycogen analysis. The applicability of these findings is substantial for oyster breeding programs focused on enhancing meat quality traits. These models provide a valuable phenotyping tool for selecting oysters with optimal glycogen content, demonstrating the practical utility of portable NIR technology in aquaculture.

Psychosocial Characteristics by Pain Presence and Limitations Among Older Adults.

PURPOSE: To compare psychosocial outcomes of older adults according to pain experience. METHOD: Using cross-sectional 2021 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we examined psychosocial characteristics in older adults (N = 3,376) divided into three groups: no pain, pain without activity limitations, and activity-limiting pain. RESULTS: In multiple regression models, older adults with activity-limiting pain compared to those without pain had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and fear of falling, as well as reduced positive affect, self-realization, self-efficacy, resilience, and social participation. Older adults with non-activity-limiting pain had significantly higher social participation than those without pain, but no differences in self-realization, self-efficacy, or resilience. CONCLUSION: Pain is strongly associated with all psychosocial outcomes, especially in older adults with activity-limiting pain. Future research should examine the impact of self-realization, self-efficacy, resilience, and social participation on activity limitations. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(7), 27-34.].

Research on energy storage capacity optimization of rural household photovoltaic system considering energy storage sharing.

With the promotion of the photovoltaic (PV) industry throughout the county, the scale of rural household PV continues to expand. However, due to the randomness of PV power generation, large-scale household PV grid connection has a serious impact on the safe and stable operation of the distribution network. Based on this background, this paper considers three typical scenarios, including household PV without energy storage, household PV with distributed energy storage, and household PV with centralized energy storage. Then, a calculation model for PV local consumption rate and annual net cost under different scenarios is constructed. Combined with a natural village in Shandong Province, the PV local consumption rate and annual net cost under three scenarios are compared and analyzed, and the potential of energy storage sharing in reducing storage capacity and improving PV local consumption is explored. The results show that configuring energy storage for household PV can significantly improve the power self-balancing capability. When meeting the same PV local consumption, household PV centralized energy storage can achieve smaller energy storage configuration and lower cost compared to household PV distributed energy storage. Finally, suggestions are proposed to further promote the development of household PV energy storage system. The research results can provide reference for improving the local consumption of rural household PV and accelerating the application of household PV energy storage system.

Advancements and Challenges in the Integration of Indium Arsenide and Van der Waals Heterostructures.

The strategic integration of low-dimensional InAs-based materials and emerging van der Waals systems is advancing in various scientific fields, including electronics, optics, and magnetics. With their unique properties, these InAs-based van der Waals materials and devices promise further miniaturization of semiconductor devices in line with Moore's Law. However, progress in this area lags behind other 2D materials like graphene and boron nitride. Challenges include synthesizing pure crystalline phase InAs nanostructures and single-atomic-layer 2D InAs films, both vital for advanced van der Waals heterostructures. Also, diverse surface state effects on InAs-based van der Waals devices complicate their performance evaluation. This review discusses the experimental advances in the van der Waals epitaxy of InAs-based materials and the working principles of InAs-based van der Waals devices. Theoretical achievements in understanding and guiding the design of InAs-based van der Waals systems are highlighted. Focusing on advancing novel selective area growth and remote epitaxy, exploring multi-functional applications, and incorporating deep learning into first-principles calculations are proposed. These initiatives aim to overcome existing bottlenecks and accelerate transformative advancements in integrating InAs and van der Waals heterostructures.

The Relationship Between Men's Sociosexuality, Drinking Intake, and Blackouts.

Background: Sociosexuality-attitudes, behaviors, and desires related to casual sex-partly predicts drinking behavior in both men and women because drinking is thought to facilitate interactions that lead to casual sex. It follows that sociosexuality would predict drinking intake (e.g., quantity consumed)-but perhaps not drinking consequences (e.g., blacking out)-on the premise that drinking large quantities with high frequency (but not to such high degrees/levels of intoxication that negative consequences occur) would facilitate casual sex. Objectives: This set of studies evaluated whether baseline measures of sociosexuality predict drinking intake (i.e., frequency, quantity, and binge drinking) but not experiencing blacking out at follow-up in two samples (Study 1, N = 172; Study 2, N = 1,038) of college-aged men. Results: As predicted, men's sociosexuality prospectively predicted drinking frequency, quantity, and binge drinking. Contrary to our predictions, men's sociosexuality also predicted blacking out. Conclusions: College men's drinking interventions should be tailored to high-risk groups and consider individual differences like sociosexuality.