Contour refinements of free flaps for optimal outcome in oral reconstruction: combination of modified liposuction technique and w-plasty in one-stage procedure.

BACKGROUND: Bulkiness and unsightly scarring are the major complaints after oral cancer reconstruction with free flap transfer. Some debulking procedures, such as blunt-tipped cannula liposuction or staged excision, can result in some improvement, but these methods do not provide a one-stage procedure for flap thinning and scar revision due to the concern of flap ischemic change. All suction lipectomy methods were applied on flap resurfacing cases; no through-and-through defect case was used. The author used a nonstandard open-tip cannula for liposuction and w-plasty for scar revision in a one-stage operation in oral through-and-through defect cases. This method achieved excellent aesthetic results without complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January of 2004 to October of 2006, secondary debulking procedures were performed on 22 patients who had undergone reconstruction with free anterolateral thigh flaps. All flaps were on the cheek for oral cancer through-and-through defect reconstruction. Suction lipectomy with nonstandard open-tip cannula and w-plasty were performed. RESULTS: All flaps survived well without any partial skin necrosis. Over 85% of patients were satisfied with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This method can provide a one-stage debulking procedure for the cheek through-and-through defect after free flap reconstruction, and it achieves good aesthetic outcomes.

Reversed-flow superior thyroid artery: an alternative recipient vessel in head and neck reconstruction.

In neoadjuvant intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy patients, the common recipient arteries are frequently damaged owing to preoperative chemotherapy-induced intima injury. When antegrade arterial inflow to the free flap is not available, end-to-side carotid arterial anastomosis or exploration of another recipient artery may be an appropriate solution. However, reversed arterial flow is an alternative to such a situation. We report a case with squamous cell carcinoma on the right buccal area, which was successfully reconstructed using a free anterolateral thigh flap with reverse superior thyroid arterial inflow. This alternative method might shorten the operation time and also reduce further exploration injury in the operation field.

Repair oronasal fistula in a treated juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma patient.

OBJECTIVE: The juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign neoplasm that affects mostly young males. Preoperative embolisation is an accepted treatment to reduce perioperative bleeding, however, severe complications may accompany these invasive procedures. CASE REPORT: One 14-year-old JNA patient with severe epistaxis was transferred to us for treatment. Unfortunately, a left middle cerebral artery infarction occurred during the embolisation procedure. Right side hemiplegia and left eye blindness were noted. Nine months later, another course of embolisation and surgical treatment was performed, but the presence of one oronasal fistula was noted after the JNA was successfully excised. A free radial forearm flap was selected to reconstruct the palate. CONCLUSION: Angiography and embolisation carry the risks of accidental infarction. Oronasal fistula may occur when incising through the 'embolized palate'. Possible complications should be discussed with the families in advance. In the case of complications, the medical team should cooperate and try to prevent morbidity.

Peripheral sympathectomy for Raynaud's phenomenon: a salvage procedure.

We retrospectively reviewed the effectiveness of peripheral sympathectomy for severe Raynaud's phenomenon. In this study, a total of 14 digits from six patients with chronic digital ischemic change were included. All patients had pain, ulcer, or gangrenous change in the affected digits and were unresponsive to pharmacologic or other nonsurgical therapies. In all cases, angiography showed multifocal arterial lesions, so microvascular reconstruction was unfeasible. Peripheral sympathectomy was performed as a salvage procedure to prevent digit amputation. The results were analyzed according to reduction of pain, healing of ulcers, and prevention of amputation. In 12 of the 14 digits, the ulcers healed and amputation was avoided. In the other two digits, the ulcers improved and progressive gangrene was limited. As a salvage procedure for Raynaud's phenomenon recalcitrant to conservative treatment, peripheral sympathectomy improves perfusion to ischemic digits and enables amputation to be avoided.

Retrospective review of free gracilis muscle flaps in the management of nonhealing diabetic foot ulceration.

This study retrospectively examined data from 45 patients with diabetic foot ulcers who underwent free gracilis muscle reconstruction from January 1999 to December 2003. Twenty-five patients (55.6%) were men and 20 (44.4%) were women. The mean age was 60.2 years (range, 34-90 years). The mean follow-up was 27 months (range, 6-36 months). The lesions were located on the dorsum of the foot (38.5%), hallux (18.5%), and the fifth toe (12.3%). According to Wagner's classification, 28% of the ulcers were grade 2, 20% were grade 3, and 51.1% were grade 4. Initial management of these patients included control of blood sugar level, proper hydration, administration of antibiotics, treatment of coexisting diseases, and repeated debridements of wounds when necessary. A total of 48 gracilis muscle flaps were harvested for reconstruction. There were 35 (72.9%) patients with complete success when there was complete healing of the flap; 12 patients with partial success when there was some loss of the flap or skin graft, or draining wounds; and 1 patient (2.1%) with failure. There was no infection or hematoma of the flap donor site; only hypertrophic scarring occurred in 3 patients (6.6%). The free gracilis muscle flap is a safe, simple, and effective method for coverage of difficult diabetic foot ulcers. Its use results in good aesthetic and functional outcome and low donor site morbidity.

Management of the primary varicose veins with venous ulceration with assistance of endoscopic surgery.

Two hundred sixty-two cases of primary varicose veins in which the lesions extended to the areas of the lower third of the leg and/or the ankle were treated with the assistance of endoscopic surgery. The conditions of varicose veins were classified by the reporting standards in venous disease. The number of cases in lesions of C2, C4, C5, and C6 were 60, 156, 31, and 15, respectively. They were also classified into 4 clinicoanatomic types according to varicositic changes in normal veins. The number of cases in types I, II, III, and IV were 57, 88, 42, and 75, respectively. The incidence of skin changes resulting from varicosity were 100%, 90.5%, 53%, and 50% in types I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The incidence of skin changes in this series was 77.6%. About one fourth of the cases having skin changes progressed to C5 and/or C6 lesions. Early and radical treatment of varicose veins could prevent the occurrence of skin changes and subsequently avoid the incidence of C5 and/or C6 lesions. The mean number of incisions in each limb was 2.9. With good illumination and magnified monitor view, the varicose veins and incompetent perforating veins were radically excised, but the normal veins were preserved. Forty-six cases of C5 and C6 lesions were followed up at least 1 year postoperatively. Four cases were lost from follow-up. In all cases except 1, there has been no recurrence. The conditions of skin changes improved subsequently. The recurrent rate of ulceration was 2.4%. In treatment of primary varicose veins with or without ulceration, surgery with assistance of endoscopic surgery achieved a low recurrence of ulcerations and minimal operative scarring.

Refinement of reverse digital arterial flap for finger defects: surgical technique.

We have designed a refinement of the reverse digital artery flap technique for soft-tissue defects on the dorsum of the fingers. In contrast with the traditional reverse digital artery flap it reduces the morbidity at the donor site and increases the ease and availability of resurfacing the defect. We suggest it is an alternative for the resurfacing of finger defects, especially over the dorsum.