Standardization method, testing scenario, and accuracy of the infrared prediction model affect the standardization accuracy of milk mid-infrared spectra.

The widespread use of milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for phenotype prediction has urged the application of prediction models across regions and countries. Spectra standardization is the most effective way to reduce the variability in the spectral signal provided by different instruments and labs. This study aimed to develop different standardization models for MIR spectra collected by multiple instruments, across 2 provinces of China, and investigate whether the standardization method (piecewise direct standardization, PDS, and direct standardization, DS), testing scenario (standardization of spectra collected on the same day or after 7 mo), infrared prediction model accuracy (high or low), and instrument (6 instruments from 2 brands) affect the performance of the standardization model. The results showed that the determination coefficient (R2) between absorbance values at each wavenumber provided by the primary and the secondary instruments increased from less than 0.90 to nearly 1.00 after standardization. Both PDS and DS successfully reduced spectra variation among instruments, and performed significantly better than non-standardization (P < 0.05). However, DS was more prone to overfitting than PDS. Standardization accuracy was higher when tested using spectra collected on the same time compared with those collected 7 mo after (P < 0.05), but great improvement in model transferability was obtained for both scenarios compared with the non-standardized spectra. The less accurate infrared prediction model (for C8:0 and C10:0 content) benefited the most (P < 0.05) from spectra standardization compared with the more accurate model (for total fat and protein content). For spectra collected after 7 mo from standardization, after PDS the RMSE between predictions obtained by different machines decreased on average by 86 and 94% compared with the values before standardization, for C8:0 and C10:0 respectively. The secondary instrument had no significant effect on the R2 between predictions (P > 0.05). The variation in the spectral signal provided by different instruments was successfully reduced by standardization across 2 provinces in China. This study lays the foundations for developing a national MIR spectra database to provide consistent predictions across provinces to be used in dairy farm management and breeding programs in China. Besides, this provides opportunities for data exchange and cooperation at international levels.

Prediction of likelihood of conception in dairy cows using milk mid-infrared spectra collected before the first insemination and machine learning algorithms.

Accurate and ex-ante prediction of cows' likelihood of conception (LC) based on milk composition information could improve reproduction management on dairy farms. Milk composition is already routinely measured by mid-infrared (MIR) spectra, which are known to change with advancing stages of pregnancy. For lactating cows, MIR spectra may also be used for predicting the LC. Our objectives were to classify the LC at first insemination using milk MIR spectra data collected from calving to first insemination and to identify the spectral regions that contribute the most to the prediction of LC at first insemination. After quality control, 4,866 MIR spectra, milk production, and reproduction records from 3,451 Holstein cows were used. The classification accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) of 6 models comprising different predictors and 3 machine learning methods were estimated and compared. The results showed that partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest had higher prediction accuracies than logistic regression. The classification accuracy of good and poor LC cows and AUC in herd-by-herd validation of the best model were 76.35 ± 10.60% and 0.77 ± 0.11, respectively. All wavenumbers with values of variable importance in the projection higher than 1.00 in PLS-DA belonged to 3 spectral regions, namely from 1,003 to 1,189, 1,794 to 2,260, and 2,300 to 2,660 cm-1. In conclusion, the model can predict LC in dairy cows from a high productive TMR system before insemination with a relatively good accuracy, allowing farmers to intervene in advance or adjust the insemination schedule for cows with a poor predicted LC.

[Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement].

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement, aiming enhance its recognition and prevent misdiagnosis. Methods: The clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results of six cases diagnosed with IRF4 rearrangement-positive B-cell lymphoma at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from 2015 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. Results: Six patients with IRF4 rearrangement-positive large B-cell lymphoma were included. Patients 1 to 5 included three males and two females with a median age of 19 years ranging from 11 to 34 years. Four patients presented with head and neck lesions, while the other one had a breast nodule; all were in clinical Ann Arbor stages I to Ⅱ. Morphologically, entirely diffuse pattern was present in two cases, purely follicular pattern in one case, and diffuse and follicular patterns in other two cases. The tumor cells, predominantly centroblasts mixed with some irregular centrocytes, were of medium to large size, with a starry sky appearance observed in two cases. Immunophenotyping revealed all cases were positive for bcl-6 and MUM1, with a Ki-67 index ranging from 70% to 90%, and CD10 was positive in two cases. IRF4 rearrangement was confirmed in all cases by FISH analysis, with dual IRF4/bcl-6 rearrangements identified in two cases, leading to a diagnosis of LBCL-IRF4. Case 6, a 39-year-old female with a tonsillar mass and classified as clinical Ann Arbor stage Ⅳ, displayed predominantly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) morphology with 20% high-grade follicular lymphoma characteristics. Immunohistochemistry showed negative CD10 and positive bcl-6/MUM1, with a Ki-67 index of approximately 80%. Triple rearrangements of IRF4/bcl-2/bcl-6 were identified by FISH, leading to a diagnosis of DLBCL with 20% follicular lymphoma (FL). All six patients achieved complete remission after treatment, with no progression or relapse during a follow-up period of 31-100 months. Conclusions: Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement is a rare entity with pathological features that overlap with those of FL and DLBCL. While IRF4 rearrangement is necessary for diagnosing LBCL-IRF4, it is not specific and requires differentiation from other aggressive B-cell lymphomas with IRF4 rearrangement.

[Intermittent exotropia complicated with spasm of the near reflex: a case report].

A 21-year-old female patient presented to the Ophthalmology Department of Yunnan University Affiliated Hospital with complaints of "bilateral blurred vision accompanied by diplopia for 3 weeks". The patient's main symptoms included intermittent visual blurring, diplopia, headaches, and ocular discomfort. Ocular examination revealed intermittent exotropia, sometimes accompanied by esotropia or orthotropia, along with signs of pupillary constriction and pseudomyopia. Based on the clinical presentation, a diagnosis of intermittent exotropia complicated by spasm of the near reflex (SNR) was made. The patient underwent bilateral exotropia surgery, which corrected the ocular alignment and resolved the symptoms and signs of SNR postoperatively.

A novel strategy for predicting the efficacy of temozolomide treatment for metastatic pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas.

BACKGROUND: There are few studies on the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of Metastatic pheochromocytoma / paraganglioma (MPP) patients. And it remains unclear which MPP patients may benefit from TMZ treatment. METHODS: This was a prospective study. MPP patients were enrolled. Patients were treated with TMZ until disease progression or intolerable toxicities. The primary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR) and objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included biochemical response rate progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. We compared the difference between effective and ineffective groups, to explore which patients are more suitable for TMZ treatment. RESULTS: 62 patients with MPP were enrolled and tumor response were evaluated in 54 patients. The DCR was 83% (35/42), and the ORR was 24% (10/41) among the progressive patients. PFS was 25.2 ± 3.1 months. The most common adverse event was nausea (41/55). We found that 92.9% (13/14) of patients with MGMT methylation greater than 7% respond to treatment. For the patients with MGMT methylation less than 7%, Ki-67 index could be used to guide the use of TMZ in these patients. Among the patients with Ki-67 index less than 5%, 66% (8/12) patients showed respond to treatment, and only 33% (4/12) patients with Ki-67 index more than 5% showed respond to TMZ. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that TMZ is a potential choice for the treatment of MPP with the high ability on disease control and well tolerability. We recommended to MGMT methylation analysis test and Ki-67 index to guide TMZ application.

[Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children in China from 2016 to 2021: a meta-analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infections among children in China from 2016 to 2021, so as to provide insights into enterobiasis control and formulation of the enterobiasis control strategy among children. METHODS: Publications pertaining to the prevalence of E. vermicularis infections among children were retrieved from Wanfang Data, CNKI, VIP and PubMed databases published from January 2016 to June 2023. Eligible publications were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the publication bias was evaluated using the assessment tool for prevalence studies proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Resources in Australia. The study period, study areas, study subjects, sample size and number of infections were extracted from publications, and a pooled analysis was performed using a meta-analysis. A meta-regression analysis was performed with the prevalence of E. vermicularis infections as an independent variable, and sample size, source of samples, study area, study method, geographical area and province as dependent variables to identify the source of the study heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 66 studies were included, covering 23 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in China, and with the investigations conducted between 2016 and 2021. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 4.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): (3.1%, 6.0%)] among children in China from 2016 to 2021, and the annual prevalence was 4.1% [95% CI: (2.2%, 6.5%)], 4.2% [95% CI: (2.4%, 6.6%)], 4.2% [95% CI: (2.2%, 6.8%)], 3.2% [95% CI: (1.5%, 5.4%)], 2.3% [95% CI: (0.9%, 4.3%)] and 1.1% [95% CI: (0.4%, 2.1%)] from 2016 to 2021. The pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 4.9% [95% CI: (3.4%, 6.8%)] in studies with a sample size of < 5 000 cases, which was higher than that in studies with a sample size of 5 000 cases and higher [2.1%, 95% CI: (0.2%, 3.6%)], and the pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 5.2% [95% CI: (2.9%, 8.2%)] among subjects from schools, which was higher than that among subjects from communities [4.2%, 95% CI: (2.7%, 6.0%)]. The pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 4.4% [95% CI: (2.8%, 6.2%)] among children included in comprehensive surveillance, which was higher than that among children included in specific surveillance [4.8%, 95% CI: (2.6%, 7.7%)], and the pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was 5.7% [95% CI: (3.8%, 7.8%)] among children included in county-level surveys, which was higher than that among children included in city-[4.8%, 95% CI: (2.3%, 8.0%)] and province-level surveys [1.8%, 95% CI: (0.3%, 4.7%)]. In addition, the pooled prevalence of E. vermicularis infections was higher among children in southern China [11.3%, 95% CI: (7.5%, 15.7%)] than that in central China [5.2%, 95% CI: (2.8%, 8.2%)], eastern China [5.2%, 95% CI: (2.8%, 8.2%)] and southwestern China [2.6%, 95% CI: (1.4%, 4.1%)]. Meta-regression analysis identified geographical area and survey province as factors affecting the study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the overall prevalence of E. vermicularis infections is moderate among children in China, and the prevalence varies greatly in regions, with a high prevalence rate in southern China and presence of small-scale clusters. Enterobiasis surveillance and health education pertaining to enterobiasis control are required with adaptations to local circumstance to reduce the prevalence of E. vermicularis infections among children.

[Auxiliary diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis with metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report].

This case report summarizes the experience from diagnosis and treatment of a patient with repeated high fever, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. Following exclusion of bacterial, viral, fungal infections and hematological diseases, metagenomic next-generation sequencing of the patient's peripheral blood revealed Leishmania infantum infection, and rK39 rapid diagnostic test showed positive for anti-Leishmania antibody, while microscopic examination of bone marrow smears identified Leishmania amastigotes. Therefore, the case was definitively diagnosed as visceral leishmaniasis, and given anti-infective treatment with sodium antimony gluconate and hormone, hepatoprotection, elevation of white blood cell counts and personalized nursing. Then, the case was cured and discharged from hospital. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing is of great value in etiological detection of fever patients with unknown causes, which deserves widespread clinical applications.

[Histone deacetylase and histone acetyltransferase inhibitors as antischistosomal agents: a review].

Schistosomiasis is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease. Currently, praziquantel is the drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis, and is the only effective chemical for treatment of schistosomiasis japonica. Since its introduction in the 1970s, praziquantel has been used for large-scale chemotherapy of schistosomiasis for over 40 years. However, there have been reports pertaining to the resistance to praziquantel in schistosomes. Therefore, development of novel antischistosomal agents as alternatives of praziquantel, is of great need. Histone deacetylases and histone acetyltransferases have been recently reported to play critical roles in the growth, development and reproduction of schistosomes, and are considered as potential drug targets for the treatment of schistosomiasis. This review summarizes the latest advances of histone deacetylase and histone acetyltransferase inhibitors in the research on antischistosomal drugs, so as to provide insights into research and development of novelantischistosomal agents.

[Epidemiological analysis of the current prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant and postpartum women in China from 2021 to 2023].

Objective: To analyze hepatitis B serologic tests and the current prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant and postpartum women in China from 2021 to 2023. Methods: Data on managing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis were retrieved from the National Information System. A positive serum HBsAg test was used to define HBV infection. The χ(2) test was used to compare the coverage rate of the hepatitis B serologic test across different years, in early-stage pregnancy, and the current HBV infection in pregnant and postpartum women. A two-sided P value of <0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results: The coverage rate for hepatitis B serological detection in pregnant (including intrapartum) and postpartum women and early-stage pregnancy rose from 99.68% (10 463 059/10 496 883) and 82.96% (8 707 765/10 496 883) to 99.94% (8 678 777/8 684 387, P < 0.001) and 88.87% (7 717 857/8 684 387, P < 0.001) in China between 2021 and 2023. The current prevalence rate of HBV infection decreased from 4.98% (521 479/10 463 059) in 2021 to 4.56% (396 148/8 678 777) in 2023 among pregnant and postpartum women (P < 0.001). The current prevalence rate of HBV infection ranged from 1.53% to 10.39% among pregnant and postpartum women in various provinces of China in 2023. Conclusion: The coverage rate for hepatitis B serologic tests in China increased significantly between 2021 and 2023 in pregnant and postpartum women. Therefore, the current prevalence rate of HBV infection has decreased significantly in pregnant and postpartum women, but a regional difference still exists.

[Adaptive servo-ventilation in patients with heart failure and sleep apnea: Insights from the ADVENT-HF trial].

Heart failure is strongly associated with obstructive and central sleep apnea. The landmark 2015 SERVE-HF trial showed that using adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) for central sleep apnea (CSA) management was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among heart failure patients with reduced ejection fractions. Based on the result, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the European Society of Cardiology have recommended against the use of ASV for the treatment of CSA in patients with heart failure with an ejection fraction≤45%. Recently, the results from the ADVENT-HF trial have been formally published, indicating that ASV does not increase adverse outcomes and can improve patients' quality of life. Here, we go over these findings in detail.

[Advances in the detection of arousal in obstructive sleep apnea].

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is primarily characterized by intermittent nocturnal hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Arousals interrupt sleep continuity and lead to sleep fragmentation, which can lead to cognitive dysfunction, excessive daytime sleepiness, and adverse cardiovascular outcome events, making arousals important for diagnosing OSA and reducing the risk of complications, including heart disease and cognitive impairment. Traditional arousal interpretation requires sleep specialists to manually score PSG recordings throughout the night, which is time consuming and has low inter-specialist agreement, so the search for simple, efficient, and reliable arousal detection methods can be a powerful tool to clinicians. In this paper, we systematically reviewed different methods for recognizing arousal in OSA patients, including autonomic markers (pulse conduction time, pulse wave amplitude, peripheral arterial tone, heart rate, etc.) and machine learning-based automated arousal detection systems, and found that autonomic markers may be more beneficial in certain subgroups, and that deep artificial networks will remain the main research method for automated arousal detection in the future.

[Artificial intelligence research advances in discrimination and diagnosis of pulmonary ground-glass nodules].

Lung cancer, which accounts for about 18% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide, has a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. Survival rates for early-stage lung cancers (stages IA1, IA2, IA3, and IB, according to the TNM staging system) are significantly higher, underscoring the critical importance of early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Ground-glass nodules (GGNs), which are commonly seen on lung imaging, can be indicative of both benign and malignant lesions. For clinicians, accurately characterizing GGNs and choosing the right management strategies present significant challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically deep learning algorithms, has shown promise in the evaluation of GGNs by analyzing complex imaging data and predicting the nature of GGNs, including their benign or malignant status, pathological subtypes, and genetic mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. By integrating imaging features and clinical data, AI models have demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing between benign and malignant GGNs and in predicting specific pathological subtypes. In addition, AI has shown promise in predicting genetic mutations such as EGFR mutations, which are critical for personalized treatment decisions in lung cancer. While AI offers significant potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of GGN assessment, challenges remain, such as the need for extensive validation studies, standardization of imaging protocols, and improving the interpretability of AI algorithms. In summary, AI has the potential to revolutionise the management of GGNs by providing clinicians with more accurate and timely information for diagnosis and treatment decisions. However, further research and validation are needed to fully realize the benefits of AI in clinical practice.

Picosecond laser filament-guided electrical discharges in air at 1 kHz repetition rate.

Laser-induced filaments have been shown to reduce the voltage necessary to initiate electrical discharges in atmospheric air and guide their propagation over long distances. Here we demonstrate the stable generation of laser filament-guided electrical discharge columns in air initiated by high energy (up to 250 mJ) 1030 nm wavelength laser pulses of 7 ps duration at repetition rates up to 1 kHz and we discuss the processes leading to breakdown. A current proportional to the laser pulse energy is observed to arise as soon as the laser pulse arrives, initiating a high impedance phase of the discharge. Full breakdown, characterized by impedance collapse, occurs 100 ns to several µs later. A record 4.7-fold reduction in breakdown voltage for dc-biased discharges, which remains practically independent of the repetition rate up to 1 kHz, is observed to be primarily caused by a single laser pulse that produces a large (∼80%) density depression. The radial gaps between the filamentary plasma channel and the hollowed electrodes employed are shown to play a significant role in the breakdown dynamics. A rapid increase of 3-4 orders of magnitude in current is observed to follow the formation of localized radial current channels linking the filament to the electrodes. The increased understanding and control of kHz repetition rate filament-guided discharges can aid their use in applications.

Combined radiomics nomogram of different machine learning models for preoperative distinguishing intraspinal schwannomas and meningiomas: a multicenter and comparative study.

AIMS: The objective of our study was to establish and verify a novel combined model based on multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics and clinical features to distinguish intraspinal schwannomas from meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research analyzed the preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images and clinical characteristics of 209 patients with intraspinal tumors who received tumor resection at three institutions. 159 individuals from institutions 1 and 2 were randomly assigned into a training group (n=111) and a test group (n=48) in a 7-3 ratio. A nomogram was constructed using the training cohort and was internally and externally verified in the test cohort and an independent validation cohort (n=50). Model performance was assessed utilizing the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves. RESULTS: The nomogram exhibited superior predictive efficacy in distinguishing between spinal schwannomas and meningiomas when compared to both the radiomics model and the clinical model. The nomogram yielded AUCs of 0.994, 0.962, and 0.949 in the training, test, and external validation cohorts, respectively, indicating its exceptional differentiating ability. The DCAs demonstrated that the nomogram yielded the best net benefit. The calibration curves indicated that the nomogram got good agreement between the predicted and the actual observation. CONCLUSION: This research suggests that the nomogram incorporating clinical and radiomic features may be an effective auxiliary tool for distinguishing between intraspinal schwannomas and meningiomas, and has important clinical significance for clinical decision-making and prognosis prediction.

[Jiaotaiwan improves brain glucose metabolism in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Jiaotaiwan on brain insulin-PI3K/AKT pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Fifty 3-month-old male APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were randomized into AD model group, low-, medium- and high-dose Jiaotaiwan treatment groups, and donepezil treatment group. Cognitive functions of the mice were assessed using water maze and open field tests, and neuronal pathologies were observed with HE staining and Nissl staining; immunohistochemistry was used to detect amyloid Aß deposition in the brain. Fasting serum insulin levels of the mice were measured, and the expressions of Aß42, insulin-PI3K/AKT pathway components and downstream glucose transporters in the brain tissue were detected with RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: The AD mouse models exhibited obvious impairment of learning and memory abilities, significantly reduced hippocampal neurons, and obvious Aß amyloid plaques in the brain tissue with increased Aß42 protein expression (P < 0.05) and insulin resistance index, decreased hippocampal PI3K expressions, lowered expressions of AKT and InR, reduced expressions of GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4, and increased expression of GSK3ß in both the hippocampus and cortex. Treatment with Jiaotaiwan and donepezil both effectively improved memory ability of the mouse models, increased the number of hippocampal neurons, reduced Aß amyloid plaques and increased the expressions of PI3K, AKT, InR, GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 in the hippocampus and cortex. CONCLUSION: Jiaotaiwan improves learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and delay the development of AD by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and regulating the expression levels of its downstream GLUTs in the brain.

[Pristimerin enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via ROS-mediated deactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of pristimerin combined with cisplatin on proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS: CCK-8 assay was used to examine the survival rate of HNE-1 and CNE-2Z cells following treatment for 24 h with different concentrations of pristimerin, cisplatin or their combination. The changes in colony formation ability, apoptosis, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of the treated cells were analyzed using colony formation assay and flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to detect the changes in protein expressions in the cells. The effects of pre-treatment with NAC on proliferation, apoptosis, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were observed in pristimerin- and/or cisplatin-treated cells. RESULTS: Both pristimerin and cisplatin significantly lowered the survival rate of HNE-1 and CNE-2Z cells (P < 0.05). Compared with pristimerin or cisplatin alone, their combination more strongly inhibited survival and colony formation ability of the cells, increased cell apoptosis rate and intracellular ROS levels, upregulated the protein expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP, and downregulated the protein expressions of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, PARP and p-PI3K and p-AKT (P < 0.05). NAC pretreatment significantly attenuated proliferation inhibition and apoptosis-promoting effects of pristimerin combined with cisplatin, and partially restored the downregulated protein expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT in HNE-1 and CNE-2Z cells with the combined treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pristimerin can enhance cisplatin-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, the mechanism of which may involve ROS-mediated deactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

[Reconstruction from CT truncated data based on dual-domain transformer coupled feature learning].

OBJECTIVE: To propose a CT truncated data reconstruction model (DDTrans) based on projection and image dualdomain Transformer coupled feature learning for reducing truncation artifacts and image structure distortion caused by insufficient field of view (FOV) in CT scanning. METHODS: Transformer was adopted to build projection domain and image domain restoration models, and the long-range dependency modeling capability of the Transformer attention module was used to capture global structural features to restore the projection data information and enhance the reconstructed images. We constructed a differentiable Radon back-projection operator layer between the projection domain and image domain networks to enable end-to-end training of DDTrans. Projection consistency loss was introduced to constrain the image forwardprojection results to further improve the accuracy of image reconstruction. RESULTS: The experimental results with Mayo simulation data showed that for both partial truncation and interior scanning data, the proposed DDTrans method showed better performance than the comparison algorithms in removing truncation artifacts at the edges and restoring the external information of the FOV. CONCLUSION: The DDTrans method can effectively remove CT truncation artifacts to ensure accurate reconstruction of the data within the FOV and achieve approximate reconstruction of data outside the FOV.

[Detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma by using optical genome mapping].

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by numerous chromosomal number and structural abnormalities, which are of great significance for risk stratification and response evaluation of MM patients. Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a novel technology that has the potential to resolve many of the issues and limitations associated with traditional cytogenetic methods. To date, the clinical utility of OGM has been validated in the fields of cancer, reproduction, and embryonic dysplasia, et al. In this study, we compared OGM to traditional techniques for the first time in five newly diagnosed MM patients, and evaluated the potential of OGM for detecting cytogenetic aberrations and its clinical application value in MM.

Impact of preoperative balance training on postoperative functional recovery of patients after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies' results on the impact of preoperative balance training on postoperative functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) appeared to be ambiguous. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the effects of preoperative balance training on walking ability, balance-specific performance, and other functional indicators in elderly patients post-TKA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient data were obtained from databases including PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria followed the Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome (PICO) principle. The assessment process involved meticulous screening, judicious data extraction, and rigorous evaluation of trial method quality, conducted by two independent researchers. Based on standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, meta-analysis was performed employing a random-effects model or fixed-effects model. RESULTS: Preoperative balance training appears to be a potentially effective intervention for enhancing the knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients' knee joint function (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: -2.58, 4.91), isometric knee flexion (RR = 2.49, 95% CI: -2.53, 7.50), knee extension (RR = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.45, 0.18), knee society score (KSS) (RR = 2.18, 95% CI: -1.51, 5.88), stair test (RR = -0.73, 95% CI: -1.84, 0.37), and timed up and go (RR = -1.18, 95% CI: -1.60, -0.76). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to interventions with less emphasis on balance training, rehabilitation programs highly emphasizing balance training significantly enhance the walking ability, balance specificity, and functional indicators of elderly patients post-TKA. This includes rehabilitation programs for senior TKA patients, with a focus on activities meant to improve the sensory system, balance in particular.