ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are indispensable to the progression and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the clinical implications of immune cell infiltrates in ccRCC. METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (N= 515) and E-MTAB-1980 cohort of patients (N= 101) were adopted to estimate the prognostic value of immune cell infiltration. Twenty-four types of immune cells were evaluated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Cox regression analyses were conducted to develop an immune risk score. RESULTS: Survival analyses revealed that 13 genes significantly associated with the overall survival (OS). Furthermore, multivariate Cox analysis identified an immune risk score on the basis of mast cells, natural killer CD56bright cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and Th2 cells. The immune risk score was associated with OS, with hazard ratios of 2.72 (95% CI 2.17-3.40) and 3.24 (95% CI 1.64-6.44) in TCGA and E-MTAB-1980 datasets, respectively. This immune risk score was significantly correlated with some immunotherapy-related biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: We profiled a prognostic signature and established an immune risk score model for ccRCC, which could provide novel predictive markers for patients with ccRCC and an indicator for immunotherapy response measurement.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology , Kidney Neoplasms/immunology , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/classification , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Cohort Studies , Female , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/classification , Kidney Neoplasms/genetics , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , RNA, Neoplasm/genetics , RNA, Neoplasm/immunology , Survival RateABSTRACT
Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) is an important quarantine insect of apple tree, and usually causes serious economic losses in apple production area every year. To predict the suitable distribution area of E. lanigerum and the environmental factors affecting the insect' s colonization and dispersal could provide references for the forecast of the insect's distribution area, the constitution of effective quarantine measures, and the control decisions. In this study, niche model MaxEnt and ArcGIS were applied to analyze and predict the suitable distribution area of E. lanigerum, ROC was used to evaluate the prediction model and the prediction results, and Jackknife analysis was made to analyze the most important environmental factors affecting the occurrence of E. lanigerum. The results showed that E. lanigerum had a wide distribution area in China, its suitable distribution index was the highest in Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shaanxi provinces, and the most important environmental factors affecting the occurrence of E. lanigerum were temperature-dependent factors.
