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Polylactic acid (PLA) straws hold eco-friendly potential; however, residual diisocyanates used to enhance the mechanical strength can generate carcinogenic primary aromatic amines (PAAs), posing health risks. Herein, we present a rapid, comprehensive strategy to detecting PAAs in 18 brands of food-grade PLA straws and assessing their migration into diverse food simulants. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was conducted to rapidly screen straws for PAAs. Subsequently, qualitative determination of migrating PAAs into various food simulants (4 % acetic acid, 10 % ethanol, 50 % ethanol) occurred at 70 °C for 2 h using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three PAAs including 4,4'-methylenedianiline, 2,4'-methylenedianiline, and 2,4-diaminotoluene were detected in all straws. Specifically, 2,4-diaminotoluene in 50 % ethanol exceeded specific migration limit of 2 µg/kg, raising safety concerns. Notably, PAAs migration to 10 % and 50 % ethanol surpassed that to 4 % acetic acid within a short 2-hour period. Moreover, PLA straws underwent varying degrees of shape changes before and after migration. Straws with poly(butylene succinate) resisted deformation compared to those without, indicating enhanced heat resistance, while poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) improved hydrolysis resistance. Importantly, swelling study unveiled swelling effect wasn't the primary factor contributing to the increased PAAs migration in ethanol food simulant, as there was no significant disparity in swelling degrees across different food simulants. FT-IR and DSC analysis revealed higher PAAs content in 50 % ethanol were due to highly concentrated polar ethanol disrupting hydrogen bonds and van der Waal forces holding PLA molecules together. Overall, minimizing contact between PLA straws and alcoholic foods is crucial to avoid potential safety risks posed by PAAs.
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Purpose: To assess the clinical benefits of surface-guided radiation therapy (SGRT) in terms of setup error, positioning time, and clinical target volume-to-planning target volume (CTV-PTV) margin in extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Methods and Materials: Fifty consecutive patients treated with radiation therapy were selected retrospectively. Treatment setup was performed with either laser-based imaging only (control group), or with laser-based and daily optical surface-based imaging (SGRT group). Pretreatment cone beam computed tomography images were acquired daily for the first 3 to 5 fractions and weekly thereafter, with the frequency adjusted as necessary. Translational and rotational errors were collected. CTV-PTV margin was calculated using the formula, 2.5Σ + 0.7σ. Results: Each group consisted of 10 and 15 upper and lower limb STSs, respectively. For patients with upper limb sarcomas, the translation errors were 1.64 ± 1.34 mm, 1.10 ± 1.50 mm, and 1.24 ± 1.45 mm in the SGRT group, and 1.48 ± 3.16 mm, 2.84 ± 2.85 mm, and 3.14 ± 3.29 mm in control group in the left-right, supero-inferior, and antero-posterior directions, respectively. Correspondingly, for patients with lower limb sarcomas, the translation errors were 1.21 ± 1.65 mm, 1.39 ± 1.71 mm, and 1.48 ± 2.10 mm in the SGRT group, and 1.81 ± 2.60 mm, 2.93 ± 3.28 mm, and 3.53 ± 3.75 mm in control group, respectively. The calculated CTV-PTV margins of the SGRT group and control group were 5.0, 3.8, 4.1 versus 5.9, 9.1, 10.1 mm for upper limb sarcomas; and 4.2, 4.7, 5.2 mm versus 6.3, 9.6, and 11.4 mm for lower limb sarcomas in the left-right, supero-inferior, and antero-posterior directions, respectively. Conclusions: Daily optical surface guidance can effectively improve the setup accuracy of extremity STS patients, and safely reduce the required CTV-PTV margins.
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BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transhepatic stent placement has become a common strategy for the postoperative treatment of portal vein (PV)/superior mesenteric veins (SMV) stenosis/occlusion. It has been widely used after liver transplantation surgery; however, reports on stent placement for acute PV/SMV stenosis after pancreatic surgery within postoperative 3 d are rare. CASE SUMMARY: Herein, we reported a case of intestinal edema and SMV stenosis 2 d after pancreatic surgery. The patient was successfully treated using stent grafts. Although the stenosis resolved after stent placement, complications, including bleeding, pancreatic fistula, bile leakage, and infection, made the treatment highly challenging. The use of anticoagulants was adjusted multiple times to prevent venous thromboembolism and the risk of bleeding. After careful treatment, the patient stabilized, and stent placement effectively managed postoperative PV/SMV stenosis. CONCLUSION: Stent placement is effective and feasible for treating acute PV/SMV stenosis after pancreatic surgery even within postoperative 3 d.
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BACKGROUND: Teeth identification has a pivotal role in the dental curriculum and provides one of the important foundations of clinical practice. Accurately identifying teeth is a vital aspect of dental education and clinical practice, but can be challenging due to the anatomical similarities between categories. In this study, we aim to explore the possibility of using a deep learning model to classify isolated tooth by a set of photographs. METHODS: A collection of 5,100 photographs from 850 isolated human tooth specimens were assembled to serve as the dataset for this study. Each tooth was carefully labeled during the data collection phase through direct observation. We developed a deep learning model that incorporates the state-of-the-art feature extractor and attention mechanism to classify each tooth based on a set of 6 photographs captured from multiple angles. To increase the validity of model evaluation, a voting-based strategy was applied to refine the test set to generate a more reliable label, and the model was evaluated under different types of classification granularities. RESULTS: This deep learning model achieved top-3 accuracies of over 90% in all classification types, with an average AUC of 0.95. The Cohen's Kappa demonstrated good agreement between model prediction and the test set. CONCLUSIONS: This deep learning model can achieve performance comparable to that of human experts and has the potential to become a valuable tool for dental education and various applications in accurately identifying isolated tooth.
Subject(s)
Deep Learning , Tooth , Humans , Tooth/anatomy & histology , Tooth/diagnostic imaging , Photography, Dental/methodsABSTRACT
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly malignancy with notable metabolic reprogramming, yet the pivotal metabolic feature driving ESCC progression remains elusive. Here, we show that methionine cycle exhibits robust activation in ESCC and is reversely associated with patient survival. ESCC cells readily harness exogenous methionine to generate S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM), thus promoting cell proliferation. Mechanistically, methionine augments METTL3-mediated RNA m6A methylation through SAM and revises gene expression. Integrative omics analysis highlights the potent influence of methionine/SAM on NR4A2 expression in a tumor-specific manner, mediated by the IGF2BP2-dependent stabilization of methylated NR4A2 mRNA. We demonstrate that NR4A2 facilitates ESCC growth and negatively impacts patient survival. We further identify celecoxib as an effective inhibitor of NR4A2, offering promise as a new anti-ESCC agent. In summary, our findings underscore the active methionine cycle as a critical metabolic characteristic in ESCC, and pinpoint NR4A2 as a novel methionine-responsive oncogene, thereby presenting a compelling target potentially superior to methionine restriction.
Subject(s)
Esophageal Neoplasms , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma , Methionine , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 , Animals , Humans , Mice , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/metabolism , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/pathology , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Methionine/metabolism , Mice, Nude , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics , OncogenesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of cytomegalovirus(CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) co-reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and its influence on prognosis. METHODS: The clinical data of 222 patients who received allo-HSCT from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected, and the patients were divided into groups according to the occurrence of CMV and EBV infection. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of co-reactivation of CMV and EBV. RESULTS: After allo-HSCT, there were 30 patients with co-reactivation of CMV and EBV (CMV++EBV+ group), 101 patients with CMV viremia (CMV+ group), 149 patients with EBV viremia (EBV+ group), and 28 patients with CMV and EBV inactivation (CMV-+ EBV- group). Compared with the other groups, the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) was higher in CMV++ EBV+ groups (53.3% vs 42.6%, 36.9%, 17.9%, P < 0.001; 36.7% vs 32.7%, 22.8%, 10.7%, P =0.042). The incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in CMV++ EBV+ group was similar to CMV+ group and EBV+ group (3.3% vs 3.0%, 3.4%, P =0.811). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the persistent time of CMV and EBV after transplantation were independent risk factors for co-reactivation of CMV and EBV. Compared with the other groups, the 2-year overall survival (OS) rate and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of patients in CMV++EBV+ group were lower (46.7% vs 74.9%, 83.4%, 71.4%, P < 0.001; 46.7% vs 70.9%, 79.5%, 69.9%, P =0.002), and 2-year non-recurrence mortality (NRM) was higher (48.2% vs 22%, 13.6%, 18.7%, P <0.001). CONCLUSION: The persistent time of CMV and EBV after transplantation are independent risk factors for patients with co-reactivation of CMV and EBV. Patients with co-reactivation of CMV and EBV had lower OS and DFS rate and higher NRM, suggesting that the clinical prognosis of the patients are worse.
Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections , Cytomegalovirus , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Transplantation, Homologous , Humans , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Graft vs Host Disease , Prognosis , Virus Activation , Female , Male , ViremiaABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the influence of facial width on the perception of lip protrusion and investigated the concordance between 2-dimensional (2D) profile images and 3-dimensional (3D) video clips in assessing lip protrusion. METHODS: An Asian female standard head model was created using 3D modeling software. Eight head models were constructed by modifying the standard head model in terms of facial width (broad, neutral, and slim) and lip protrusion (retrusive, straight, and protrusive). Overall, 97 Asian raters rated the lip protrusion from the 2D profiles and 3D rotation video clips of the 9 models. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the perception of lip protrusion in terms of sex, age, or occupation. Compared with the 2D profiles, the 3D video clips were rated as more protrusive in 8 of the 9 head models, with the retrusive broad, retrusive neutral, straight broad, and straight slim faces showing statistical significance (P <0.01). The rating is significantly higher in slim faces than in broad faces across the 3 groups of 2D profiles (P <0.01). For 3D video clips, the rating was higher in slim faces than in broad faces in all 3 groups, whereas differences were significant in the straight and protrusive groups only (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 3D video clips were more sensitive to the perception of lip protrusion than were 2D profiles to some extent. The lips were rated relatively more protrusive in a slim face than in a broad face. Therefore, the relationship between facial width and lip protrusion should be considered in orthodontic treatment goals and treatment plans.
Subject(s)
Face , Lip , Humans , Female , Lip/anatomy & histology , Software , Asian People , PerceptionABSTRACT
Cyano tends to have better biological activity, but it is rarely reported in natural products, especially in the C20-diterpene alkaloids. Herein, three unprecedented C20-diterpenoid alkaloids, brunonianines A-C (1-3), possessing rare cyano functional group as well as an atisine backbone constructed from a phenethyl substituent and a tetrahydropyran ring, along with four C19-alkaloids (4-7) and one amide alkaloids (8), were isolated from the whole plant of Delphinium brunonianum Royle. Compounds 1-3 are also the first atisine type diterpenoid alkaloids with cyano group obtained from nature. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Reasonable speculations have also been made regarding the biogenic synthetic pathways of compounds 1-3. In addition, the inhibitory activity of all compounds was also tested against four tumor lines: A549, Caco-2, H460 and Skov-3, where compound 2 (IC50 2.20 ± 0.21 µM) showed better inhibitory activity against Skov-3 cells than the hydroxycamptothecin. Using flow cytometry, cell staining, migration and invasion analysis, and Western blot, compound 2 was found to arrest cells in the G2/M phase and was able to effectively inhibit cell motility to achieve potent anti-tumor effects. In addition, compound 2 can effectively induce apoptosis by activating the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Delphinium , Diterpenes , Humans , Delphinium/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Caco-2 Cells , Alkaloids/pharmacology , Alkaloids/chemistry , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Diterpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
Carbon nitride has been extensively used as a visible-light photocatalyst, but it has the disadvantages of a low specific surface area, rapid electron-hole recombination, and relatively low light absorbance. In this study, single-atom Ag was successfully anchored on ultrathin carbon nitride (UTCN) via thermal polymerization, the catalyst obtained is called AgUTCN. The Ag hardly changed the carbon nitride's layered and porous physical structure. AgUTCN exhibited efficient visible-light photocatalytic performances in the degradation of various recalcitrant pollutants, eliminations of 85% were achieved by visible-light irradiation for 1 hr. Doping with Ag improved the photocatalytic performance of UTCN by narrowing the forbidden band gap from 2.49 to 2.36 eV and suppressing electron-hole pair recombination. In addition, Ag doping facilitated O2 adsorption on UTCN by decreasing the adsorption energy from -0.2 to -2.22 eV and favored the formation of O2·-. Electron spin resonance and radical-quenching experiments showed that O2·- was the major reactive species in the degradation of Acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP).
Subject(s)
Acetaminophen , Environmental Pollutants , Nitriles/chemistry , Carbon , CatalysisABSTRACT
Two new monoterpene indole alkaloids, Eleganine A (1) and Eleganine B (2), along with 11 known compounds (3-13) were isolated from the stems and leaves of Gelsemium elegans. Compound 1 is a gelsenicine-related monoterpenoid indole alkaloid possessing an iridoid unit. Their structures and absolute configurations of 1-2 were established by UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and electronic circular dichroism data analyses. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and inhibiting glucose-induced mesanginal cell proliferation activities. None of them showed activity with IC50 far beyond 50 µM.
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INTRODUCTION: Clear aligner therapy has become increasingly popular in recent years, although it has encountered several difficulties in premolar extraction treatment. These difficulties include anterior dentition, lingual tipping and extrusion. The design of the present clinical scheme usually set a tiny space between the anterior teeth before retraction in order to obtain an ideal outcome. The objective of our research was to analyze the effect of the existing spaces during retraction. METHODS: Models including maxillary dentition without first premolars, maxilla, periodontal ligaments, gingiva, or aligners were constructed and imported to an ANSYS workbench. Five groups of models were created: without spaces and with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mm spaces between the anterior dentition. A 0.20 mm retraction step was applied to all the groups. RESULTS: As the spaces between the anterior dentition increased, the bowing effect of the aligner caused by the passive forces decreased gradually. Accordingly, the degree of extrusion of the anterior dentition was alleviated significantly, while sagittal movement was reduced. However, the overall movement tended to be a bodily displacement rather than tipping. Meanwhile, maximum Von Mises stress of the periodontal ligaments (PDLs) was markedly decreased. CONCLUSION: These analyses indicate that spaces between the anterior dentition during anterior retraction are beneficial for decreasing the tendency for extrusion of the anterior dentition and require provision of anchorage. Appropriate spaces can be designed to lest the lingual tipping and extrusion effect of the anterior teeth while simultaneously reducing the maximum stresses on PDLs.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion , Orthodontic Appliances, Removable , Humans , Bicuspid/surgery , Incisor , Finite Element Analysis , Tooth Movement Techniques , Malocclusion/therapyABSTRACT
Two new 2-arylbenzo[b]furans (1-2) and ten known compounds (3-12) were identified from the 95% EtOH extract of the branches and leaves of Itea indochinensis for the first time. Their structures were determined mainly based on extensive analyses of UV, IR, 1D/2D NMR and HRMS spectra. The results of MTT assays demonstrated the anti-tumor potential of compound 1 with good selectivity, which displayed moderate inhibitory effects on proliferation of SK-hep-1 cells with IC50 value of 22.3 µM, while weak inhibitory effect on proliferation of HepG2 cells with an inhibition rate of 25% at 20 µM, and no obviously inhibitory effect on proliferation of A549 cells at 20 µM. In addition, compound 1 exhibited its significant scavenging capacity on ABTS·+ free radical with an IC50 value of 0.11 mg/mL, while weak scavenging effects on DPPH and O2·- radicals with scavenging ratios of 32.93% and 21.49% at 1 mg/mL, respectively.
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Development of a new catalytic and straightforward strategy to construct C-N bonds is playing a pivotal role in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a photocatalysed protocol to access direct C-H amidation of indoles, enabled by a rationally designed tert-butyl alkyl((perfluoropyridin-4-yl)oxy)carbamate. A series of biologically important aminoindoles were prepared under mild conditions with excellent regioselectivity and broad substrate scope.
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Four new monoterpene indole alkaloids (1-4) together with twelve known alkaloids (5-16) were isolated from the roots of Alstonia rupestris. Compound 1 was the first example of C2-symmetric heteroyohimbine-type indole alkaloid homodimer obtained from natural plant resource. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparison of its calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities by measuring their NO inhibitory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Compound 2 showed strong NO inhibition with IC50 value of 4.2 ± 1.3 µM. Moreover, compound 2 could decrease the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-ß1).
Subject(s)
Alstonia , Alstonia/chemistry , Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Monoterpenes/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Indole Alkaloids/pharmacology , Indole Alkaloids/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To explore the risk factors of residual back pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 675 patients with OVCF treated with PVP from January 2015 to January 2020. Postoperative back pain intensity was assessed by the VAS score. Residual back pain was defined as the presence of postoperative moderate-severe pain (average VAS score≥4), and the variables included patient characteristics, baseline symptoms, imaging data and operation-related factors. Risk factors were identified with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Residual back pain occurred in 46 of the 675 patients included in the study, with an incidence rate of 6.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low Pre-BMD (OR = 3.576, P = 0.041), multiple vertebral fractures (OR = 2.795, P = 0.026), posterior fascia injury (OR = 4.083, P = 0.032), cement diffusion volume rate <0.2 (OR = 3.507, P = 0.013), facet joint violation (OR = 11.204, P < 0.001), and depression (OR = 3.562, P = 0.035) were positively correlated with residual back pain after PVP. CONCLUSIONS: Low pre-BMD (pre-bone mineral density), multiple vertebral fractures, posterior fascia injury, cement diffusion volume rate <0.2, facet joint violation and depression were the independent risk factors of residual back pain after PVP.
Subject(s)
Fractures, Compression , Osteoporotic Fractures , Spinal Fractures , Vertebroplasty , Humans , Fractures, Compression/complications , Retrospective Studies , Vertebroplasty/adverse effects , Vertebroplasty/methods , Spinal Fractures/complications , Spinal Fractures/epidemiology , Spinal Fractures/surgery , Osteoporotic Fractures/epidemiology , Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery , Osteoporotic Fractures/complications , Back Pain/etiology , Bone Cements , Pain, Postoperative/etiology , Risk Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), the major component of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family, has important functions in early embryonic development and cancer development. However, the posttranslational modification of BRD4 is not well understood. Multiple approaches were used to explore the mechanism of PRMT1-mediated BRD4 methylation and to determine the biological functions of BRD4 and PRMT1 in ovarian cancer. Here we report that BRD4 is asymmetrically methylated at R179/181/183 by PRMT1, which is antagonized by the Jumonji-family demethylase, JMJD6. PRMT1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissue and is a potential marker for poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Silencing of PRMT1 inhibited ovarian cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion in vivo and in vitro. PRMT1-mediated BRD4 methylation was found to promote BRD4 phosphorylation. Compared to BRD4 wild-type (WT) cells, BRD4 R179/181/183K mutant-expressing cells showed reduced ovarian cancer metastasis. BRD4 arginine methylation is also associated with TGF-ß signaling. Our results indicate that arginine methylation of BRD4 by PRMT1 is involved in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Targeting PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation may provide a novel diagnostic target and an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.
Subject(s)
Nuclear Proteins , Ovarian Neoplasms , Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Phosphorylation , Methylation , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Methyltransferases , Arginine , Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/genetics , Repressor Proteins , Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases , Cell Cycle ProteinsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), as the main tool for monitoring idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is characterized by subjective variability among radiologists and insensitivity to subtle changes. Recently, a few studies have aimed to decrease subjective bias by assessing the severity of IPF using computer software, i.e., Computer-Aided Lung Informatics for Pathology Evaluation and Rating (CALIPER). However, these studies had diverse research directions. In this review, we systematically assess the effect of CALIPER in the management of IPF. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted through a search of published studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and CNKI databases from database inception through February 28, 2022. The methodological quality would be evaluated by using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Narrative synthesis summarized findings by participant characteristics, study design, and associations with outcomes. RESULTS: Ten studies were included. They evaluated the relationship between CALIPER-derived parameters and pulmonary function test (PFT) and mortality. CALIPER-derived parameters showed a significant correlation with PFT and mortality. Two studies reported that CALIPER could be used to stratify outcomes. CONCLUSION: CALIPER-derived parameters can be used to evaluate prognosis and mortality. CALIPER-derived parameters combined with composite physiologic index (CPI) or Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) could help clinicians implement targeted management by refining prognostic stratification. However, research has been constrained by small number of retrospective investigations and sample sizes. Therefore, it is essential to design prospective controlled studies and establish the staging system by CALIPER-derived parameters and combining them with CPI, FVC, or GAP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: It is beneficial for clinic to provide objective, sensitive, and accurate indicators of disease progression. It also helps the clinic to develop individualized treatment plans based on the stage of disease progression and provides evaluation of efficacy in drug trials. KEY POINTS: ⢠Computer-Aided Lung Informatics for Pathology Evaluation and Rating (CALIPER) is a quantitative CT analysis software that can be used to evaluate the progression of disease on CT. ⢠The CALIPER-derived vessel-related structure shows great performance in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ⢠CALIPER-derived parameters combined with composite physiologic index or Gender-Age-Physiology can be used to refine prognostic stratification.
Subject(s)
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis , Lung , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Prospective Studies , Lung/pathology , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology , Prognosis , Computers , Disease ProgressionABSTRACT
Conductive materials have been demonstrated to enhance sludge methanogenesis, but few researches have concentrated on the interaction among conductive materials, microorganisms and their immediate living environment. In this study, Fenton iron mud with a high abundance of Fe(III) was recycled and applied in anaerobic reactors to promote anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The results show that the primary content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as polysaccharides and proteins increased significantly, possibly promoting microbial aggregation. Furthermore, with the increment of redox mediators including humic substances in EPS and Fe(III) introduced by Fenton iron mud, the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between methanogens and interacting bacteria could be accelerated, which enhanced the rate of methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion (35.21 ± 4.53% increase compared to the control). The further analysis of the anaerobic microbial community confirmed the fact that Fenton iron mud enriched functional microorganisms, such as the abundance of CO2-reducing (e.g. Chloroflexi) and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (e.g., Tepidimicrobium), thereby expediting the electron transfer reaction in the AD process via microbial DIET and dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR). This work will make it possible for using the recycled hazardous material - Fenton iron mud to improve the performance of anaerobic granular sludge during methanogenesis.
Subject(s)
Iron , Sewage , Sewage/microbiology , Iron/metabolism , Anaerobiosis , Methane/metabolism , Bacteria/metabolism , BioreactorsABSTRACT
In the current study, the production of microparticles released from fifteen commercial sugarcane pulp (SCP) take-out containers into different food simulants under different conditions was investigated, where deionized water (DI water), 4% acetic acid (4% HAc), and 95% ethanol (95% EtOH) were used to simulate aqueous, acidic, and fatty foods, respectively. Results showed that compared with DI water and 95% EtOH, 4% HAc caused the degradation of sugarcane fibers, thereby releasing the highest number of microparticles. The overall migration values of the sugarcane pulp take-out containers in 4% HAc were above the prescribed limit of 10 mg/dm2. Furthermore, it was estimated that consumers may intake 36,400-231,700 microparticles in a take-out container at one time, of which the proportion of particles with a particle size between 10 and 500 µm was the highest, ranging from 26,470 to 216,060 items. Moreover, the Al and Fe are the main metals in these take-out containers, ranging between 35.16 and 1244.04 and 44.71 and 398.52 mg/kg, respectively, followed by Pb, Ti, and Sr. This study provides important information that the safety of both the production of microparticles and the metallic elements should be considered for SCP take-out containers when in contact with food.