Synergy of MoO2 with Pt as Unilateral Dual Cocatalyst for Improving Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution over g-C3 N4.

Pt is usually used as cocatalyst for g-C3 N4 to produce H2 by photocatalytic splitting of water. However, the photocatalytic performance is still limited by the fast recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes, as well as the poor absorption of visible light. In this work, MoO2 /g-C3 N4 composites were prepared, in which MoO2 synergetic with Pt photo-deposited during H2 evolution reaction worked as unilateral dual cocatalyst to improve the photocatalytic activity. Within 4 hours of irradiation, the hydrogen production rate of MoO2 -Pt dual cocatalyst modified g-C3 N4 reached 3804.89 µmol/g/h, which was 120.18 times of that of pure g-C3 N4 (GCN, 31.66 µmol/g/h), 10.98 times of that of MoO2 modified g-C3 N4 (346.39 µmol/g/h), and 9.18 times of that of Pt modified g-C3 N4 (413.64 µmol/g/h). Characterization results demonstrate that the deficient MoO2 not only promoted visible light absorption of g-C3 N4 , but also worked as a "electron pool" to capture and transfer electrons to Pt.

A novel marine spatial management tool for multiple conflicts recognition and optimization of marine functional zoning in the East China sea.

Marine spatial planning (MSP) is to manage incompatible functional use for achieving spatial homogeneity in sea. However most MSP strategies focus on single-target sea use demand ignoring multiple-conflicts of different demands. Thus, this study develops a spatial management model and quantitatively recognizes two types of spatial conflicts among eight sea use functions in the Zhejiang coasts, China. Under the simulation of three different management scenarios including independent, joint and overall-value managements respectively, we further propose a conflict optimization scheme in the scenarios of sea uses with different intensities, different types of sea use combinations, and different site selection. Most importantly, this study demonstrates the spatial management model is a powerful and efficient tool for spatial multiple-conflicts trade-off and matching sea use demands under the practical approach of marine functional zoning (MFC) in China.

Preparation of CaO-containing carbon pellet from recycling of carbide slag: Effects of temperature and H3PO4.

CaO-containing carbon pellets (CCCP) was prepared by mixing carbide slag (Ca(OH)2) and powdered char to produce CaC2, achieving the recycling of carbide slag during CaC2 production process. The thermal strength of CCCP was the focus of most attention when employing arc furnaces as reactors for CaC2 production in industry. To improve the thermal strength of CCCP, H3PO4 was used as a binder in this study. The results indicated that Ca3(PO4)2 reacted by H3PO4 and Ca(OH)2 could help refine the average particle sizes of CaO, resulted in a relatively uniform pore diameter distribution of CCCP with low porosity, therefore improving the thermal strength of CCCP. When H3PO4 content was more than 8 wt%, some over-sintering and melting structure for CaO particles appear, and thus resulting in the decrease in thermal strength of CCCP. The experimental results show that CCCP with 3% H3PO4 has the best thermal strength at 1100 °C. The non-isothermal shrinkage kinetics of CCCP indicated that the addition of 3% H3PO4 reduced the apparent activation energy of sintering reactions and accelerated the sintering of CaO particles in CCCP. Furthermore, the addition of H3PO4 has a positive effect on the formation of CaO sintered necks, enhancing the strength of CCCP.