Impact of birth order on risk-taking: Evidence from China.

Evidence about impact of birth order on risk-taking is mostly from the Western cultural contexts, and the findings are contradictory. Scant attention has been devoted to the impact of birth order on risk-taking in East Asian societies influenced by Confucian culture. In this study, we investigated how birth order impacts adult risk-taking using a representative Chinese sample (N = 12,756). The results revealed that the effect of birth order on Chinese risk-taking did not exhibit a linear trend, either when the birth order was coded using the original birth rank or when coded as firstborns, middleborns and lastborns. However, this study found that laterborns, as a whole, were more likely to take risks than firstborns. In addition, there was a quadratic trend inherent in the birth order effect on risk-taking, showing that middleborns were more likely to take risks than firstborns or lastborns. Furthermore, we found that the birth order effects on risk-taking were not affected by individuals' age, birth spacing and family size. Additional analyses also demonstrated the robustness of these results. Our findings established a small but meaningful association between birth order and risk-taking in a Confucian-influenced society.

Mid-infrared computational temporal ghost imaging.

Ghost imaging in the time domain allows for reconstructing fast temporal objects using a slow photodetector. The technique involves correlating random or pre-programmed probing temporal intensity patterns with the integrated signal measured after modulation by the temporal object. However, the implementation of temporal ghost imaging necessitates ultrafast detectors or modulators for measuring or pre-programming the probing intensity patterns, which are not available in all spectral regions especially in the mid-infrared range. Here, we demonstrate a frequency downconversion temporal ghost imaging scheme that enables to extend the operation regime to arbitrary wavelengths regions where fast modulators and detectors are not available. The approach modulates a signal with temporal intensity patterns in the near-infrared and transfers the patterns to an idler via difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal at a wavelength where the temporal object can be retrieved. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate computational temporal ghost imaging in the mid-infrared with operating wavelength that can be tuned from 3.2 to 4.3 µm. The scheme is flexible and can be extended to other regimes. Our results introduce new possibilities for scan-free pump-probe imaging and the study of ultrafast dynamics in spectral regions where ultrafast modulation or detection is challenging such as the mid-infrared and THz regions.

Discovery of potential anti- Staphylococcus aureus natural products and their mechanistic studies using machine learning and molecular dynamic simulations.

The structure-activity analysis (SAR) and machine learning were used to investigate potential anti-S. aureus agents in a faster method. In this study, 24 oxygenated benzene ring components with S. aureus inhibition capacity were confirmed by literature exploring and in-house experiments, and the SAR analysis suggested that the hydroxyl group position may affect the anti-S. aureus activity. The 2D-MLR-QSAR model with 9 descriptors was further evaluated as the best model among the 21 models. After that, hesperetic acid and 2-HTPA were further explored and evaluated as the potential anti-S. aureus agents screening in the natural product clustering library through the best QSAR model calculation. The antibacterial capacities of hesperetic acid and 2-HTPA had been investigated and proved the similar predictive pMIC value resulting from the QSAR model. Besides, the two novel components were able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus by disrupting the cell membrane through the molecular dynamics simulation (MD), which further evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test and PI dye results. Overall, these results are highly suggested that QSAR can be used to predict the antibacterial agents targeting S. aureus, which provides a new paradigm to research the molecular structure-antibacterial capacity relationship.

Glycogen synthesis is required for adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and affects diet-induced obesity.

Glycogen is a form of energy storage for glucose in different tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle. It remains incompletely understood how glycogen impacts on adipose tissue functionality. Cold exposure elevated the expression of Gys1 that encodes glycogen synthase 1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). The in vivo function of Gys1 was analyzed using a mouse model in which Gys1 was deleted specifically in adipose tissues. Under normal chow conditions, Gys1 deletion caused little changes to body weight and glucose metabolism. Deletion of Gys1 abrogated upregulation of UCP1 and other thermogenesis-related genes in iWAT upon prolonged cold exposure or treatment with ß3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL-316,243. Stimulation of UCP1 by CL-316,243 in adipose-derived stromal cells (stromal vascular fractions, SVFs) was also reduced by Gys1 deletion. Both the basal glycogen content and CL-316,243-stimulated glycogen accumulation in adipose tissues were reduced by Gys1 deletion. High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance were aggravated in Gys1-deleted mice. The loss of body weight upon CL-316,243 treatment was also abrogated by the loss of Gys1. In conclusion, our results underscore the pivotal role of glycogen synthesis in adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and its impact on diet-induced obesity in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glycogen is one of major types of fuel reserve in the body and its classical function is to maintain blood glucose level. This study uncovers that glycogen synthesis is required for beige fat tissue to generate heat upon cold exposure. Such a function of glycogen is linked to development of high-fat diet-induced obesity, thus extending our understanding about the physiological functions of glycogen.

Capacitive-Controlled Prussian White with a Nickel Iron Hexacyanoferrate Composite Cathode for Rapid Sodium Diffusion.

Prussian blue analogues receive tremendous attention owing to their spacious three-dimensional skeleton, high theoretical specific capacity, facile synthesis procedure, and high cost-effectiveness as among the most promising candidates for cathode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Nonetheless, the practical specific capacity, especially under high current, is particularly frail due to the sluggish ion diffusion. In this study, the strategy of Ni substitution and formation of water-coordinated Fe is applied to lower the crystal field energy and elevate the active low-spin (LS) Fe content, which leads to a capacitive sodium storage mechanism, resulting in a substantial specific capacity under high current density. The delivered specific capacity of PW-325@2NiFe-55 is 95 mAh g-1 at 50 C, which is 72.5% capacity retention of the one at 0.5 C. Also, it maintains 80.2% of its initial specific capacity after 500 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, a hypothesis of a joint diffusion-controlled and capacitive mechanism for high-spin (HS) Fe and a mere capacitive mechanism for LS Fe is put forward and verified through potentiastatic tests, operando 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and ex situ XRD, which provides a new horizon to enhance the electrochemical performance for SIBs.

SSFLNet: A Novel Fault Diagnosis Method for Double Shield TBM Tool System.

In tunnel boring projects, wear and tear in the tooling system can have significant consequences, such as decreased boring efficiency, heightened maintenance costs, and potential safety hazards. In this paper, a fault diagnosis method for TBM tooling systems based on SAV-SVDD failure location (SSFL) is proposed. The aim of this method is to detect faults caused by disk cutter wear during the boring process, which diminishes the boring efficiency and is challenging to detect during construction. This paper uses SolidWorks to create a complete three-dimensional model of the TBM hydraulic thrust system and tool system. Then, dynamic simulations are performed with Adams. This helps us understand how the load on the propulsion hydraulic cylinder changes as the TBM tunneling tool wears to different degrees during construction. The hydraulic propulsion system was modeled and simulated using AMESIM software. Utilizing the load on the hydraulic propulsion cylinder as an input signal, pressure signals from the two chambers of the hydraulic cylinder and the system's flow signal were acquired. This enabled an in-depth exploration of the correlation between these acquired signals and the extent of the tooling system failure. Following this analysis, a collection of normal sample data and sample data representing different degrees of disk cutter abrasions was amassed for further study. Next, an SSFL network model for locating the failure area of the cutter was established. Fault sample data were used as the input, and the accuracy of the fault diagnosis model was tested. The test results show that the performance of the SSFL network model is better than that of the SAE-SVM and SVDD network models. The SSFL model achieves 90% accuracy in determining the failure area of the cutter head. The model effectively identifies the failure regions, enabling timely tool replacement to avoid decreased boring efficiency under wear conditions. The experimental findings validate the feasibility of this approach.

Enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan/zein nanoparticle Pickering emulsion-incorporated chitosan coatings in the presence of cinnamaldehyde and tea polyphenol.

Pickering emulsions were prepared by using zein/chitosan nanoparticles as stabilizer and then incorporated into chitosan coatings. To improve the stability and performances, tea polyphenol and cinnamaldehyde (CA) were used to modulate the formation and functionalities of Pickering emulsions. The oil phase in Pickering emulsions were set at 5 % and 20 % to alter the hydrophobicity of chitosan coatings. Physical, structural, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan coatings with Pickering emulsions were characterized. Tea polyphenol significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity of chitosan coatings from 2.09 % to 57.61 % of DPPH value and from 2.63 % to 38.85 % of ABTS value. CA effectively increased the antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings against S. aureus and E. coli. Under 20 % oil content, the inhibition zones on S. aureus and E. coli increased from 3.03 ± 0.23 mm to 18.39 ± 1.22 mm and 7.66 ± 1.61 mm to 15.70 ± 1.75 mm, respectively. The preservative effect of chitosan coatings on fresh pork was further confirmed that the shelf-life of fresh pork could be extended by >4 days. These results suggested a great potential application of Pickering emulsion-incorporated chitosan coatings in the preservation of fresh pork.

Coherently parallel fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing using dual Kerr soliton microcombs.

Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has proven to be a revolutionary technology for the detection of seismic and acoustic waves with ultralarge scale and ultrahigh sensitivity, and is widely used in oil/gas industry and intrusion monitoring. Nowadays, the single-frequency laser source in DAS becomes one of the bottlenecks limiting its advance. Here, we report a dual-comb-based coherently parallel DAS concept, enabling linear superposition of sensing signals scaling with the comb-line number to result in unprecedented sensitivity enhancement, straightforward fading suppression, and high-power Brillouin-free transmission that can extend the detection distance considerably. Leveraging 10-line comb pairs, a world-class detection limit of 560 fε/√Hz@1 kHz with 5 m spatial resolution is achieved. Such a combination of dual-comb metrology and DAS technology may open an era of extremely sensitive DAS at the fε/√Hz level, leading to the creation of next-generation distributed geophones and sonars.

A multi-band centroid contrastive reconstruction fusion network for motor imagery electroencephalogram signal decoding.

Motor imagery (MI) brain-computer interface (BCI) assist users in establishing direct communication between their brain and external devices by decoding the movement intention of human electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, cerebral cortical potentials are highly rhythmic and sub-band features, different experimental situations and subjects have different categories of semantic information in specific sample target spaces. Feature fusion can lead to more discriminative features, but simple fusion of features from different embedding spaces leading to the model global loss is not easily convergent and ignores the complementarity of features. Considering the similarity and category contribution of different sub-band features, we propose a multi-band centroid contrastive reconstruction fusion network (MB-CCRF). We obtain multi-band spatio-temporal features by frequency division, preserving the task-related rhythmic features of different EEG signals; use a multi-stream cross-layer connected convolutional network to perform a deep feature representation for each sub-band separately; propose a centroid contrastive reconstruction fusion module, which maps different sub-band and category features into the same shared embedding space by comparing with category prototypes, reconstructing the feature semantic structure to ensure that the global loss of the fused features converges more easily. Finally, we use a learning mechanism to model the similarity between channel features and use it as the weight of fused sub-band features, thus enhancing the more discriminative features, suppressing the useless features. The experimental accuracy is 79.96% in the BCI competition Ⅳ-Ⅱa dataset. Moreover, the classification effect of sub-band features of different subjects is verified by comparison tests, the category propensity of different sub-band features is verified by confusion matrix tests and the distribution in different classes of each sub-band feature and fused feature are showed by visual analysis, revealing the importance of different sub-band features for the EEG-based MI classification task.

Swimming exercise ameliorates insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver by negatively regulating PPARγ transcriptional network in mice fed high fat diet.

BACKGROUND: Recent findings elucidated hepatic PPARγ functions as a steatogenic-inducer gene that activates de novo lipogenesis, and is involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis, lipid accumulation, and inflammation response. This study delved into a comprehensive analysis of how PPARγ signaling affects the exercise-induced improvement of insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), along with its underlying mechanism. METHODS: Chronic and acute swimming exercise intervention were conducted in each group mice. IR status was assessed by GTT and ITT assays. Serum inflammatory cytokines were detected by Elisa assays. PPARγ and its target genes expression were detected by qPCR assay. Relative protein levels were quantified via Western blotting. ChIP-qPCR assays were used to detect the enrichment of PPARγ on its target genes promoter. RESULTS: Through an exploration of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IR and NAFLD model, both chronic and acute swimming exercise training led to significant reductions in body weight and visceral fat mass, as well as hepatic lipid accumulation. The exercise interventions also demonstrated a significant amelioration in IR and the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, swimming exercise significantly inhibited PPARγ and its target genes expression induced by HFD, containing CD36, SCD1 and PLIN2. Furthermore, swimming exercise presented significant modulation on regulatory factors of PPARγ expression and transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that swimming exercise can improve lipid metabolism in IR and NAFLD, possibly through PPARγ signaling in the liver of mice.

Evolution of a fatty acyl-CoA elongase underlies desert adaptation in Drosophila.

Traits that allow species to survive in extreme environments such as hot-arid deserts have independently evolved in multiple taxa. However, the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these traits have thus far not been elucidated. Here, we show that Drosophila mojavensis, a desert-adapted fruit fly species, has evolved high desiccation resistance by producing long-chain methyl-branched cuticular hydrocarbons (mbCHCs) that contribute to a cuticular lipid layer reducing water loss. We show that the ability to synthesize these longer mbCHCs is due to evolutionary changes in a fatty acyl-CoA elongase (mElo). mElo knockout in D. mojavensis led to loss of longer mbCHCs and reduction of desiccation resistance at high temperatures but did not affect mortality at either high temperatures or desiccating conditions individually. Phylogenetic analysis showed that mElo is a Drosophila-specific gene, suggesting that while the physiological mechanisms underlying desert adaptation may be similar between species, the genes involved in these mechanisms may be species or lineage specific.

Monocarboxylate transporter 1 in the liver modulates high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice.

BACKGROUND: The monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) is a member of the MCT family and is implicated in the transport of lactate and a few other monocarboxylates across the cell membrane. How hepatic MCT1 regulates the metabolic functions of the body is currently unknown. METHODS: The functions of hepatic MCT1 on metabolism were analyzed using a mouse model with liver-specific deletion of Slc16a1 that encodes MCT1. Obesity and hepatosteatosis of the mice were induced by high-fat diet (HFD). The function of MCT1 on lactate transport was analyzed by measuring lactate level in hepatocytes and mouse liver. Degradation and polyubiquitination of PPARα protein were investigated by biochemical methods. RESULTS: Hepatic deletion of Slc16a1 aggravated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in female mice, but not in male mice. However, the increased adiposity in Slc16a1-deleted mice was not associated with obvious reductions in metabolic rate and activity. The lactate level of the liver was significantly increased by Slc16a1 deletion in the female mice under HFD condition, suggesting that MCT1 mainly mediated the efflux of lactate in hepatocytes. Deficiency of MCT1 in the liver aggravated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in both female and male mice. Mechanistically, deletion of Slc16a1 was associated with reduced expressions of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver. The degradation rate and polyubiquitination of PPARα protein were enhanced by Slc16a1 deletion. Blocking the MCT1 function elevated the interaction of PPARα with an E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that the enhanced polyubiquitination and degradation of PPARα upon Slc16a1 deletion likely contributes to the reduced expression of FAO-related genes and aggravation of HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.

Nutritional strategies for intervention of diabetes and improvement of ß-cell function.

Diabetes mellitus, especially Type 2 diabetes (T2D), is caused by multiple factors including genetics, diets, and lifestyles. Diabetes is a chronic condition and is among the top 10 causes of death globally. Nutritional intervention is one of the most important and effective strategies for T2D management. It is well known that most of intervention strategies can lower blood glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. However, the regulation of pancreatic ß cells by dietary intervention is not well characterized. In this review, we summarized some of the commonly used nutritional methods for diabetes intervention. We then discussed the effects and the underlying mechanisms of nutritional intervention in improving the cell mass and function of pancreatic islet ß cells. With emerging intervention strategies and in-depth investigation, we are expecting to have a better understanding about the effectiveness of dietary interventions in ameliorating T2D in the future.

Digest: Specialization of an insect virus to its host is contingent upon polygenic traits.

What affects the ability of a virus to adapt and specialize to its hosts? To answer this question, Visher et al. (2022) performed experimental evolution on a virus-insect system and showed that the virus specializes in its hosts through the evolution of its ability to infect or replicate. Genomic analysis of adapted lines of viruses in different host genotypes suggests that viral specialization is influenced by a complicated and polygenic mechanism.

Intermittent protein restriction improves glucose homeostasis in Zucker diabetic fatty rats and single-cell sequencing reveals distinct changes in ß cells.

Diabetes is caused by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors, therefore changes of lifestyle and dietary patterns are the most common practices for diabetes intervention. Protein restriction and caloric restriction have been shown to improve diabetic hyperglycemia in both animal models and humans. We report here the effectiveness of intermittent protein restriction (IPR) for the intervention of diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Administration of IPR significantly reduced hyperglycemia and decreased glucose production in the liver. IPR protected pancreatic islets from diabetes-mediated damages as well as elevated the number and the proliferation activity of ß cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing performed with isolated islets from the ZDF rats revealed that IPR was able to reverse the diabetes-associated ß cell dedifferentiation. In addition, diabetic ß cells in ZDF rats were associated with increased expressions of islet amyloid polypeptide, chromogranin and genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress. A ß cell dedifferentiation marker Cd81 was also increased in the ß cells of diabetic rats. In contrast, the expressions of D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor Dbp and immediate-early response genes were reduced in the diabetic ß cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that IPR is effective in glycemic control and ß cell protection in a diabetic rat model. In addition, diabetes in ZDF rats is associated with changes in the expression of genes involved in many facets of ß cell functions.

Expressions with Aspectual Verbs Elicit Slower Reading Times than Those with Psychological Verbs: An Eye-Tracking Study in Mandarin Chinese.

Research over the last 20 years has investigated the processing costs for sentences such as John began the book. Much of this work has conflated sentences with aspectual verbs, like start or finish, with psychological verbs, like enjoy or tolerate. However, recent studies have reported greater costs for aspectual verbs compared to psychological verbs (e.g., Katsika et al. in Ment Lex 7:58-76, 2012; Lai et al. in Compositionality and concepts in linguistics and psychology, 2017). The present paper reports an eye-tracking study that examined the costs of processing both verb types in Mandarin Chinese. The results revealed greater costs both for aspectual verbs compared to controls (John read the book) and for aspectual verbs compared to psychological verbs, reinforcing the claims of the Structured Individual Hypothesis (Piñango and Deo in J Semant 33:359-408, 2016). Strikingly, there was an early effect at the verb for aspectual verbs but not for psychological verbs. We argue that this result, together with previous findings and other conceptual issues, necessitates a conservative modification of the SIH: aspectual verbs are semantically more complex than psychological verbs. This modification retains the core analysis underlying the SIH, but reconciles the SIH with experimental findings by bringing it in line with the view that lexical semantic complexity has immediate consequences in processing (e.g., Brennan and Pylkkänen in Lang Cogn Process 25:777-807, 2010).

Desiccation resistance differences in Drosophila species can be largely explained by variations in cuticular hydrocarbons.

Maintaining water balance is a universal challenge for organisms living in terrestrial environments, especially for insects, which have essential roles in our ecosystem. Although the high surface area to volume ratio in insects makes them vulnerable to water loss, insects have evolved different levels of desiccation resistance to adapt to diverse environments. To withstand desiccation, insects use a lipid layer called cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) to reduce water evaporation from the body surface. It has long been hypothesized that the water-proofing capability of this CHC layer, which can confer different levels of desiccation resistance, depends on its chemical composition. However, it is unknown which CHC components are important contributors to desiccation resistance and how these components can determine differences in desiccation resistance. In this study, we used machine-learning algorithms, correlation analyses, and synthetic CHCs to investigate how different CHC components affect desiccation resistance in 50 Drosophila and related species. We showed that desiccation resistance differences across these species can be largely explained by variation in CHC composition. In particular, length variation in a subset of CHCs, the methyl-branched CHCs (mbCHCs), is a key determinant of desiccation resistance. There is also a significant correlation between the evolution of longer mbCHCs and higher desiccation resistance in these species. Given that CHCs are almost ubiquitous in insects, we suggest that evolutionary changes in insect CHC components can be a general mechanism for the evolution of desiccation resistance and adaptation to diverse and changing environments.

Impact of feedback bandwidth on Raman random fiber laser remote-sensing.

In the ultra-long distance sensing domain, recently Raman random fiber laser (RRFL) demonstrated advantages of ultrawide sensing-bandwidth in dynamic sensing, compared with pulse-probing cases. However, such a scheme is still in the preliminary stage, and the key parameters such as sensitivity have not been characterized. In this work, a time-dependent spectrum-balanced model is proposed, which can accurately and quickly describe the spectral shape of RRFL and the evolution of the power and the spectrum. Based on this model, the relationship between the sensitivity and the feedback bandwidth is studied. The calculated results show that the sensitivity is inversely proportional to the feedback bandwidth. Then in the proof-of-concept experiment, by changing the bandwidth of sensing FBG, the results of sensitivity are well coincident with the simulation. This work provides an effective platform for studying the evolution of RRFL spectrum, as well as a novel way for further enhancing the performance of the dynamic sensing system based on ultra-long RRFL.

Time-restricted feeding ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via reducing intestinal inflammation.

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an emerging dietary intervention that improves metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract, where nutrition plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Although numerous strategies of nutritional intervention have been reported, whether TRF can improve IBD has been elusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of two cycles of 7-day TRF intervention in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced IBD mouse model. We found that TRF was able to reduce the disease activity index and ameliorate the IBD-associated symptoms, as well as increase the number of colonic crypts and decrease the histological score in the colon. Furthermore, TRF lowered the percentage of CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood and mesenteric lymph node, and increased the number of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Additionally, TRF reduced the infiltration of leukocytes and macrophages around the crypt base in the colon. However, unlike the intermittent caloric restriction with fasting-mimicking diet, TRF was not able to increase the markers of progenitor and cell proliferation in the colon. Collectively, these results demonstrated that TRF is able to improve IBD in mice via reduction in intestinal inflammation.

Channel-multiplexing for quasi-distributed acoustic sensing with orthogonal codes.

With the increasing demands for large-scale acoustic sensing in many important fields such as hydrophone, vehicle tracking and pipeline monitoring, optical fiber-based distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has experienced a rapid development. In recent years, quasi-distributed acoustic sensing (QDAS) based on single mode fiber with enhanced point array has emerged, which is a good approach to improve signal-to-noise ratio and deal with the interference-fading problem in DAS. However, similar to DAS, the performance of QDAS is also limited by the finite frequency domain resources. To break the trade-off between sensing bandwidth and distance, additional frequency domain resources are always needed to multiplex the sensing channel. Multiple-input multiple-output coding technology is an approach to realize QDAS channel-multiplexing with the orthogonal probe waves in the same frequency band. In this paper, the iteration constrain condition of the orthogonal codes is modified, and the generation method of more orthogonal codes with high and consistent suppression ratio for QDAS is provided. In the demonstration experiment, the QDAS has successfully achieved 5 times the sensing bandwidth expansion on a 5.19 km fiber based on 5 new orthogonal codes on the same frequency, with 5 m spatial resolution and 10 p ε/H z strain noise level.