ABSTRACT
A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as strain BML3T, was isolated from a sputum sample of a hospital patient in Japan. Strain BML3T grew at temperatures from 4 to 40 °C, in 1.0-7.0â% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0-9.0. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of housekeeping genes, including the 16S rRNA gene and rpoB, rpoD and gyrB, showed that strain BML3T was part of the Pseudomonas putida group and located close to Pseudomonas asiatica, Pseudomonas monteiliiand P. putida . Whole-genome comparisons, using average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, confirmed strain BML3T to be a distinct species among the P. putida group. Phenotypic characterization tests demonstrated that the utilization of phenylmercuric acetate could distinguish this strain from other closed species of the P. putida group. Based on genetic and phenotypic evidence, strain BML3T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas juntendi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BML3T (=DSM 109244T,=JCM 33395T), with a DNA G+C content of 62.66 molâ%.
Subject(s)
Phylogeny , Pseudomonas/classification , Sputum/microbiology , Urine/microbiology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Base Composition , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Genes, Bacterial , Humans , Japan , Myanmar , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Pseudomonas/isolation & purification , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In collaboration with the national AIDS program, early infant diagnosis (EID) is implemented by Integrated HIV Care (IHC) program through its anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centers across 10 cities in five states and regions of Myanmar. Blood samples from the ART centers are sent using public transport to a centralized PCR facility. OBJECTIVES: Among HIV-exposed babies <9 months at enrolment into IHC program (2013-15), to describe the EID cascade (enrolment, sample collection for PCR, result receipt by mother, HIV diagnosis and ART initiation) and factors associated with delayed (>8 weeks of age) or no blood sample collection for EID. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study involving record review. A predictive poisson regression model with robust variance estimates was fitted for risk factors of delayed or no sample collection. RESULTS: Of 1349 babies, 523 (39%) of the babies' mothers were on ART before pregnancy. Timely uptake of EID (<8 weeks of age) was 47% (633/1349); sample collection was delayed in 27% (367/1349) and not done in 26% (349/1349) babies. Among samples collected (n = 1000), 667 results were received by the mother; 52 (5%) were HIV-infected; among them 42 (81%) were initiated on ART. Median (IQR) turnaround time from sample collection to result receipt by mother and time to initiate ART from result receipt by mother was 7 (4,12) and 8.5 (6,16) weeks, respectively. Mothers not on ART before pregnancy and distance of ART center from PCR facility (more than 128 km) were the risk factors of delayed or no sample collection. CONCLUSIONS: Improving provision of ART to mothers (through universal 'test and treat') is urgently required, which has the potential to improve the timely uptake of EID as well. Interventions to reduce turnaround times, like point of care EID testing and/or systematic use of mobile technology to communicate results, are needed.
