ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of self-harm and the psychosocial factors associated with self-harming behaviours in youth admitted to an in-patient psychiatric unit. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys of standardized measures were administered to youth and a separate survey to their caregivers while the youth were in hospital. RESULTS: The mean age of the 123 youth who participated was 15.74 (SD 1.51) years, and 90 of 121 (74.38%) reported being female. Of the 115 who completed this question, 101 (87.83%) indicated that they thought of injuring themselves and 89 (77.39%) did engage in NSSI within the past month, and 78 of 116 (67%) reported that they had made an attempt to take their life. Youth who reported that they had attempted suicide (lifetime) reported significantly less difficulty with emotion regulation than youth who engaged in NSSI only, or both NSSI and suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS: These youth reported a very high prevalence of self-harm, and in general substantial difficulty with regulating their emotions, and difficulty with their interpersonal relationships. The psychosocial distinctions evident between groups may have practical utility.
INTRODUCTION: Cette étude avait pour but d'explorer la prévalence de l'automutilation et des facteurs psychosociaux associés aux comportements d'automutilation chez des adolescents hospitalisés dans une unité psychiatrique. MÉTHODES: Des questionnaires transversaux de mesure normalisées ont été administrés à des adolescents et un questionnaire distinct a été administré à leurs soignants pendant que les adolescents étaient à l'hôpital. RÉSULTATS: L'âge moyen des 123 adolescents qui ont participé était 15,74 ans (ET 1,51 an), et 90 sur 121 (74,38 %) disaient être de sexe féminin. Sur les 115 qui ont répondu à cette question, 101 (87,83 %) ont indiqué qu'ils pensaient à se mutiler et 89 (77,39 %) se sont adonnés à l'automutilation non suicidaire (AMNS) le mois précédent, et 78 sur 116 (67 %) ont déclaré qu'ils avaient tenté de s'enlever la vie. Les adolescents qui déclaraient avoir tenté de se suicider (de durée de vie) indiquaient significativement moins de difficulté avec la régulation émotionnelle que ceux qui s'adonnaient seulement à l'AMNS, ou à l'AMNS et aux tentatives de suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Ces adolescents rapportaient une prévalence très élevée d'automutilation, et en général, une difficulté substantielle à réguler leurs émotions, et une difficulté avec les relations interpersonnelles. Les distinctions psychosociales manifestes entre les groupes peuvent avoir une utilité pratique.
ABSTRACT
A series of potent carboxylic acid DGAT1 inhibitors with high permeability were developed from a virtual screening hit. Strategies were employed to reduce Pgp substrate recognition and increase passive permeability, resulting in the discovery of a series showing good inhibition of cellular triglyceride synthesis. The mutagenic potential of prospective metabolites was evaluated in the Ames assay, and one aniline was shown to be devoid of mutagenicity.
Subject(s)
Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors , Drug Design , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Caco-2 Cells , Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Humans , Molecular Structure , Permeability/drug effects , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Two perfluorinated surfactants, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were evaluated for their toxicity to the aquatic midge, Chironomus tentans. Impetus for this laboratory study originated from a 10-d, in situ field assessment in which C. tentans was exposed to PFOS at concentrations ranging from 300 to 30,000 microg/L. No midges survived these exposures. Midge survival in a preliminary, acute 10-d laboratory test with nominal PFOS concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100,000 microg/L showed similar toxicity with respect to survival (median lethal concentration [LC50], 45.2 microg/L) and growth (median effective concentration [EC50], 27.4 microg/L). A parallel test using PFOA indicated no significant impacts on survival or growth. A definitive 10-d assay with PFOS concentrations ranging from 1 to 150 microg/L produced an EC50 for growth (87.2+/-11.6 microg/L) of the same order of magnitude as that in the preliminary findings. The same was not true for survival, however, with the LC50 falling outside the range of test concentrations. To further investigate the sensitivity of C. tentans to PFOS, we conducted a chronic life-cycle test using a nominal concentration range of 1 to 100 microg/L. Three of the four endpoints measured-survival, growth, and emergence-were significantly affected, with EC50 values of 92.2+/-3.1, 93.8+/-2.6, and 94.5+/-3.2 microg/L, respectively. Reproduction was not affected by those PFOS concentrations at which females emerged. The results of the present study indicate that PFOS toxicity thresholds for C. tentans are as much as three orders of magnitude lower than those reported for other aquatic organisms but, at present, are approximately two orders of magnitude higher than those concentrations typically observed in aquatic environments.
