Subject(s)
Child Abuse/diagnosis , Liver Failure, Acute/complications , Pleural Effusion/complications , Pneumonia , Rib Fractures/complications , Streptococcal Infections/complications , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant , Liver Failure, Acute/diagnosis , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Pleural Effusion/diagnostic imaging , Radiography/methods , Rib Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapySubject(s)
Arthralgia/etiology , Edema/etiology , May-Thurner Syndrome/complications , May-Thurner Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis/complications , Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Arm/diagnostic imaging , Arm/physiopathology , Arm/surgery , Athletic Injuries , Compression Bandages , Diagnosis, Differential , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Heparin/therapeutic use , Humans , Knee Joint , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , May-Thurner Syndrome/therapy , Recurrence , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Subclavian Vein/diagnostic imaging , Subclavian Vein/physiopathology , Subclavian Vein/surgery , Thrombectomy/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography , Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis/therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) often have infections, growth deficits, and impaired immunity, problems that also are observed in individuals with a vitamin A deficiency (plasma retinol concentration <20 µg/dL). The goal of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin A, health status, and the in vitro immune function of children with SCD. METHODS: Fifty-nine children (40 SS, 11 SC, and 8 Sßthalassemia [Sßthal] hemoglobin genotypes) 9 months to 18 years old were investigated for plasma levels of retinol, retinol binding protein, C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, lymphocyte proliferation, and interleukin (IL)-2 activity in supernatant of phytohemagglutinin-treated lymphocytes. RESULTS: The plasma retinol concentrations of children with SCD (mean 57.6 µg/dL, range 4.6-116 µg/dL) were not different from those of 21 normal individuals (mean 62 µg/dL, range 28.7-162 µg/dL). Plasma retinol concentrations did not vary by hemoglobin genotype but were lower in boys than in girls (P < 0.05) and were also lower in children with inflammation (P = 0.1). Seven children (11.9%) (6 HbSS, 1 HbSß0thal) were vitamin A-deficient, and 9 children (15.3%) had suboptimal vitamin A status (plasma retinol concentration of 20-29 µg/dL). Children with vitamin A deficiency had slightly lower height (P = 0.09) and weight mean percentiles, lymphocyte proliferative responses, and IL-2 activity (P > 0.1), but higher means of C-reactive protein (P = 0.05), pain crisis episodes and inflammation (P = 0.1), and health scores (P > 0.1) than children who were not vitamin A-deficient. Lymphocyte proliferative responses negatively correlated with health score, pain crisis episodes, and blood units received, but positively correlated with retinol binding protein (P < 0.05 to P = 0.1). CONCLUSION: Identification and correction of suboptimal vitamin A status in children with SCD may improve immunity and attenuate certain health complications associated with this disease.
Subject(s)
Heart Murmurs/etiology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/surgery , Pulmonary Veins/abnormalities , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Child , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Female , Heart Murmurs/diagnosis , Heart Murmurs/surgery , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Prognosis , Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/complications , Risk Assessment , Sampling Studies , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Foreign-Body Migration/diagnostic imaging , Lymphadenopathy/diagnostic imaging , Neck , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Diagnosis, Differential , Eating , Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Foreign-Body Migration/diagnosis , Foreign-Body Migration/surgery , Humans , Lymphadenopathy/diagnosis , Male , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Risk Assessment , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methodsSubject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Facial Pain/etiology , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/complications , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Nasopharynx/diagnostic imaging , Nasopharynx/pathology , Positron-Emission Tomography , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Hepatomegaly/complications , Neuroblastoma/complications , Neuroblastoma/diagnosis , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/complications , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Neuroblastoma/therapy , Skin Neoplasms/therapySubject(s)
Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/diagnostic imaging , Ribs , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Hypertension/complications , RadiographySubject(s)
Cat-Scratch Disease/diagnosis , Coinfection/diagnosis , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Bartonella henselae/immunology , Cat-Scratch Disease/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Coinfection/immunology , Comorbidity , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Lymphatic Diseases , Male , SplenomegalySubject(s)
Hemangioendothelioma/diagnosis , Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis , Vascular Malformations/etiology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , Arm/blood supply , Arm/pathology , Female , Hemangioendothelioma/drug therapy , Hemangioendothelioma/physiopathology , Humans , Hypertrophy , Infant, Newborn , Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome/drug therapy , Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate/administration & dosage , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy , Sarcoma, Kaposi/physiopathology , Vincristine/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/etiology , Hemoptysis/etiology , Hemosiderosis/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Pneumonia/etiology , Sickle Cell Trait/complications , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Child , Hemosiderosis/complications , Humans , Lung Diseases/complications , Male , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Hemosiderosis, PulmonarySubject(s)
Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Histiocytosis, Sinus/complications , Adolescent , Brain/pathology , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Fatal Outcome , Histiocytosis, Sinus/diagnosis , Histiocytosis, Sinus/therapy , Humans , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , MaleSubject(s)
Paraplegia/etiology , Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/diagnosis , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnosis , Spinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thoracic Vertebrae , Adolescent , Hand , Humans , Male , Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/complications , Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/secondary , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/complications , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/secondary , Spinal Neoplasms/complications , Spinal Neoplasms/secondaryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: (1) To confirm the presence of Pesticide (Endosulfan) residues in the bone marrow (BM) of children with acute hematological malignancies and compare them with controls. (2) To ascertain if children with Endosulfan in their marrow reside in areas sprayed with Endosulfan. STUDY DESIGN: Case control study SETTING: Pediatric oncology unit of a medical college teaching hospital in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. SUBJECTS: 26 patients with proven hematological malignancy and 26 age matched controls suffering from benign hematological disease. METHODS: Endosulfan residues in the BM were estimated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Minimum detection limit 10ng/mL). The subjects geographical area of location (residence) was determined to see whether they belong to sprayed area or not. The Chi-square test was applied to see an association between exposure status and hematological malignancy. RESULTS: A total of 52 children were enrolled of which 26 were study cases and 26 were controls. Of the study and control groups, 84.7% ;and 73.1%, respectively were from exposed areas. The major (88.4%) illness in the study group was ALL, while ITP (50%) occurred most frequently in the control group. Six out of 26 study cases tested positive for endosulfan in the BM, against 1 out of 26 controls (P = 0.042). The Odds ratio was 7.5. All children who had endosulfan in the bone marrow originated from areas, where endosulfan is still being used. CONCLUSIONS: Children with hematological malignancy had raised levels of endosulfan in the bone marrow compared to those without. All the children with raised bone marrow Endosulfan levels were found to be from areas exposed to the pesticide.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow/chemistry , Endosulfan/analysis , Hematologic Neoplasms/metabolism , Pesticides/analysis , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Endosulfan/poisoning , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Female , Hematologic Neoplasms/chemically induced , Humans , India , Infant , Male , Pesticides/poisoningABSTRACT
Carcinoid tumors are uncommon in children. Kidneys are rarely involved as they do not possess neuro-endocrine cells. Work up of painless hematuria after abdominal trauma in a 10-year-old boy revealed primary carcinoid tumors with metastasis to both kidneys. We were unable to find any previous reports of renal involvement by carcinoid tumor in children.