[Anterior segment examination of a post-traumatic, multioperated eye with Visante OCT. A case report]. / Exploration par OCT Visante((R)) du segment antérieur d'un oeil post-traumatique multi-opéré

INTRODUCTION: The optical coherence tomography (OCT) exploration of the retina has become almost routine and its semiology is well known. In contrast, the OCT exploration of the anterior segment is still in its preliminary stages. CASE REPORT: We report the clinical aspects and the OCT Visante((R)) imaging of the anterior segment in a 35-year-old patient, victim of a penetrating injury of the left eye who required several operations including iterative vitrectomy for recurrent retinal detachment caused by proliferative vitreoretinopathy, use of high-density silicone oil, cataract surgery with in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation, and YAG-laser capsulotomy. DISCUSSION: The correlation between slit lamp examination and OCT imaging is very good. We debate in a nonexhaustive manner the different imaging possibilities of this new technology and discuss its advantages in the postsurgical exam and its value in medicolegal expert reports as well as in comparison with pictures acquired by OCT normally used to image the posterior segment. CONCLUSION: Future research will undoubtedly confirm the contribution of this new tool to explore the anterior segment in numerous contexts, including ophthalmological trauma medicine.

[Oedema with acute pseudokeratoconus corneal aspect in a case of Kearns-Sayre syndrome]. / OEdème avec déformation cornéenne d'aspect pseudo-kératoconique aigu au cours d'un syndrome de Kearns-Sayre.

INTRODUCTION: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is a set of rare diseases in which corneal involvement is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old patient, a known carrier of Kearns-Sayre syndrome, was hospitalized for acute corneal decompensation, with a keratoconus-like hydrops stemming from an endothelial-Descemet membrane disruption. Under local hypotonic treatment, the favorable progression was fast with a decline in the edema and coaptation of the endothelial-Descemet membrane disruption. CONCLUSION: The possible physiopathologic mechanisms are debated; the preferred hypothesis was a dysfunction of endothelial cell pumps. We emphasize the extremely complex medical management of these fragile patients presenting mitochondrial encephalopathy. General corticotherapy is contraindicated and beta-blockers including in eye drops must be used extremely carefully because of cardiac abnormalities such as conduction disturbance and/or arrhythmia and dilated cardiomyopathies.

[Scar sarcoidosis: an exceptional entity in ophthalmology]. / Scar sarcoidosis: une entité exceptionnelle en ophtalmologie.

INTRODUCTION: Scar sarcoidosis is a cutaneous demonstration of sarcoidosis arising on old cutaneous scars and generating nodular erythematous lesions. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 55-year-old patient sent for a multinodular erythematous tumefaction, at the level of the right eyebrow arch. The pathologic exam of the surgical specimen found a noncaseating inflammatory granulomatous reaction with no caseous necrosis. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was retained based on a number of diagnostic arguments including the thoracic scanner and bronchoscopy results. DISCUSSION: Scar sarcoidosis is a cutaneous sarcoidosis expression but exceptionally leads to discovery of this disease, which then requires a search for visceral lesions because of their frequent association. The location is essentially facial and the peak of frequency is in the 5th decade. This pathology highlights the problem of its differential diagnosis, based on biopsy, which will eliminate cutaneous metastases, lymphoma, as well as other cutaneous granulomas.

[Risk factors for early congenital esotropia]. / Facteurs de risque de l'ésotropie précoce.

To elucidate risk factors for congenital esotropia, this review reports on articles written on congenital esotropia during the past few years. The authors distinguish the significant risk factors of esotropia such as heredity, prematurity, perinatal difficulties, and minor risk factors such as ametropia, primary monofixation, and environmental factors.

[Childhood refraction: epidemiology, progression, evaluation and a method for correcting ametropia]. / La réfraction chez l'enfant: épidémiologie, évolution, évaluation et mode de correction des amétropies.

Children's refraction and its progression are important because refractive errors can be precisely corrected. Some types of simple ametropia can generate reversible perturbations after optical correction and others are amblyogenic and strabogenic ametropia. Definition, epidemiology (frequency and risk factors), progression of refraction, evaluation and an optical correction method are described.