ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ever-changing perception of beauty from childhood to old age is changing with the revolution in cosmeceuticals science. Esthetics is an individual's perception since time immemorial. Standards of beauty have changed through centuries with increased awareness about esthetics. The face remains main source of information for identification and discrimination. It constitutes a structural ground for many nonverbal messages including the emotional state of a person, so the proverb "Face is an index of mind" holds good. The wrinkles and laxity are considered to be one of the factors for aging. Hence, escalating demand for cosmetic treatment to reduce facial wrinkles and laxity has stimulated us to search for published literature for nonsurgical techniques for enhancement of facial beauty. The review analyzed the published data to provide narrative basic review in a concise way to the beginners, clinicians, and students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have adopted search criteria using keywords: Botox, Botulinum toxin, incobotulinumtoxinA, esthetics, face, uses of Botox, with various Boolean operators and or in title, and abstract using PubMed search engine. The database search limited to PubMed only from January 2013 to June 2018. RESULTS: Various search results have been appended as annexures at the end of the article for further reference for the readers. Finally, 17 references were selected to write narrative review to meet our objectives. CONCLUSION: The advancing front in the use of toxins is an emerging science for the beautification of a face. Botox exploded in to market because of efficacy, tolerability, and minimally invasive nature. The present review gives brief about the history of Botulinum toxin, types, mechanism of action, clinical indications, preparations, storage, and technique for various uses with a brief note on patient selection, contraindications, and complications.
ABSTRACT
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) was named so by Gardner and the credit of discovery can be attributed to the work of Padayachee and Van Wyk (1987). The incidence of GOC is said to be between 0.012% and 1.3%. Even so, a little over 100 cases are reported in English literature. Mandible is more commonly affected than maxilla (20%) with almost 80% cases reported, with an anterior predilection. Even though GOC affecting maxilla is discussed in the literature, to the best of our ability, we could find that, in India, less than five cases affecting the maxillary sinus is ever reported, with none explaining about such a huge cyst that has encompassed the whole of the ipsilateral maxillary sinus. The aim to publish this case report was to understand the rarity in pathology, which GOC encompasses. Such rare cases if reported need to be published for the knowledge, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment planning. Any pathology in the head and neck region should be seen with an eagle's eye for appropriate management to increase patients' quality of life.
