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1.
Med. Afr. noire (En ligne) ; 65(12): 597-606, 2018. ilus
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1266318

ABSTRACT

Introduction : L'initiation tardive du Traitement Anti-Rétroviral (TAR) est fréquente dans les pays à ressources limitées, où la plupart des individus ne connaissent pas leur statut sérologique jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient symptomatiques.Matériel et méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale et analytique, qui s'est déroulée du 1er janvier 2016 au 31 décembre 2016 dans le service de médecine générale du Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) de Sokodé, le service de référence dans la prise en charge de l'infection à VIH dans la région centrale du Togo.Résultats : Cent-neuf patients dont 15 enfants (13,8%) ont été inclus dans la file active du service de médecine générale du CHR de Sokodé par l'initiation du TAR. La moyenne d'âge des patients était de 32,38 ans [1-59 ans] avec une prédominance féminine (67,9%). La majorité des patients était classée aux stades III (60 cas ; 55%) et au stade IV (11 cas ; 10,1%). Les manifestations cliniques ou affections opportunistes étaient dominées par la diarrhée chronique (15 cas), la fièvre prolongée inexpliquée (12 cas) et la candidose oropharyngée (12 cas). Le taux moyen des CD4 des patients était de 328,54 cellules/mm3 [0-2216 cellules/mm3] et la co-infection VIH-VHB a été retrouvée dans 13,8% (n = 15). L'association Ténofovir (TDF) - Lamivudine (3TC) - Efavirenz (EFV) (87,2% ; n = 95) a été la plus prescrite pour l'initiation du TAR.Conclusion : Le profil des patients infectés par le VIH à l'initiation du TAR à Sokodé est caractérisé par un stade avancé de l'infection à VIH


Subject(s)
Chelation Therapy , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Patient Care , Sickness Impact Profile , Togo
2.
Mali Med ; 30(4): 32-38, 2015.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29927132

ABSTRACT

AIMS: we measured the burden of TB/HIV co-infection in a rural setting of Benin, and assessed the outcome of tuberculosis treatment at the end of the intensive phase of TB treatment. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study, covering January 2006 to December 2011. RESULTS: A total of 256 patients were included, 67 (26.1%) were HIV +. A minority, 25% of co-infected HIV / PTB, had TB bacilli high density (+++) versus 45% of mono-infected (P = 0.005). The smear conversion was obtained in 96% of coinfected versus 93% in HIV- at the end of the intensive phase (P = 0.5). The cure rate was 86% and 93.1% respectively in co-infected and HIV-. A proportion of 13.5% of co-infected died versus 3% in HIV- (P = 0.005). 21% of co-infected with CD4 <200 died versus 3.6% of those with CD4> 200 (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: This work underlines the high prevalence of HIV / TB co-infection in this region. Co-infected patients respond well to treatment, but their mortality is high when they are very immunocompromised.


BUTS: nous avons mesuré le fardeau que constitue la co-infection VIH/ tuberculose chez des tuberculeux en milieu rural au Bénin ; et évaluer l'issue du traitement antituberculeux à la fin de la phase intensive. MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale rétrospective, descriptive couvrant Janvier 2006 à Décembre 2011. RÉSULTATS: Au total 256 patients ont été colligés, 67 (26,1%) étaient VIH+. Une proportion de 25 % des co-infectés VIH/TPM+ avaient une densité bacillaire à trois croix (+++) contre 45% des tuberculeux VIH- (P=0,005). La négativation de la bacilloscopie était obtenue chez 96% des patients co-infectés contre 93% chez les tuberculeux VIH- à la fin de la phase intensive (P=0,5). Le taux de guérison était respectivement de 86% et 93,1% chez les co-infectés et les non VIH. Une proportion de 13,5% des co-infectés étaient décédés contre 3% chez les VIH- (P=0,005). 21% des co-infectés ayant un CD4<200 étaient décédés contre 3,6% de ceux dont le CD4>200 (P=0,041). CONCLUSION: Ce travail souligne la forte prévalence de l'infection par le VIH chez les tuberculeux de cette région. Les co-infectés répondent bien au traitement, mais leur taux de mortalité est plus élevé, surtout s'ils sont très immunodéprimés.

3.
Mali Med ; 29(1): 15-22, 2014.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30049136

ABSTRACT

AIMS: We measured the burden of HIV/tuberculosis (HIV/TB) co-infection in people infected by TB in rural settings of Benin, and assessed the outcome of TB treatment at the end of the intensive phase. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study, covering January 2006 to December 2011. RESULTS: A total of 256 patients were gathered, 67 (26.1%) were HIV +. A proportion of 25% of co-infected HIV / PTB had TB bacilli high density (+++) versus 45% of mono-infected (P = 0.005). The smear conversion was obtained in 96% of coinfected versus 93% in HIV- at the end of the intensive phase (P = 0.5). The cure rate was 86% and 93.1% respectively in co-infected and HIV-. A proportion of 13.5% of co-infected died versus 3% in HIV- (P = 0.005). 21% of co-infected with CD4 <200 died versus 3.6% of those with CD4> 200 (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: This work underlines the high prevalence of HIV / TB co-infection in this region. Co-infected patients respond well to treatment, but their mortality is high when they are very immunocopromissed.


BUTS: Nous avons mesuré le fardeau que constitue la co-infection VIH/ tuberculose chez des tuberculeux en milieu rural au Bénin; et évaluer l'issue du traitement antituberculeux à la fin de la phase intensive. MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale rétrospective, descriptive couvrant Janvier 2006 à Décembre 2011. RÉSULTATS: Au total 256 patients ont été colligés, 67 (26,1%) étaient VIH+. Une proportion de 25 % des co-infectés VIH/TPM+ avaient une densité bacillaire à trois croix (+++) contre 45% des tuberculeux VIH- (P=0,005). La négativation de la bacilloscopie était obtenue chez 96% des patients co-infectés contre 93% chez les tuberculeux VIH- à la fin de la phase intensive (P=0,5). Le taux de guérison était respectivement de 86% et 93,1% chez les co-infectés et les non VIH. Une proportion de 13,5% des co-infectés étaient décédés contre 3% chez les VIH- (P=0,005). 21% des co-infectés ayant un CD4<200 étaient décédés contre 3,6% de ceux dont le CD4>200 (P=0,041). CONCLUSION: Ce travail souligne la forte prévalence de l'infection par le VIH chez les tuberculeux de cette région. Les co-infectés répondent bien au traitement, mais leur taux de mortalité est plus élevé, surtout s'ils sont très immunodéprimés.

4.
Mali Med ; 28(4): 32-36, 2013.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30049152

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To determine the frequency of the new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the end of the second month of anti-tuberculosis treatment and to analyze the outcomes of their treatment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: It was a retrospective comparative study from January 2006 to June 2008, based on the analysis of the records and treatment cards from the diagnosis and treatment centers of Lome. New sputum smear-positive tuberculosis patients at the end of the second month (smear positive 2 months) constituted the study population. A comparison group consisted of the new tuberculosis patients with sputum smear-negative at the end of the second month (negative smear 2 months). RESULTS: The proportion of sputum smear-positive at 2 months was 5.34% (163/3050). Cure and failure rates were respectively 69.3% and 17.2% for smear-positive 2 months versus 79.1% and 3.7% for control group. The death rate was similar in both groups (3% and 3.7%). CONCLUSION: The smear positive 2 month's patients have a high risk of failure and must receive special attention during their follow-up to improve the results of treatment.


BUT: Déterminer la fréquence des nouveaux patients tuberculeux pulmonaire à bacilloscopie positive à la fin du 2ème mois de traitement antituberculeux et analyser les résultats de leur traitement. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective comparative de janvier 2006 à juin 2008, basée sur l'analyse des registres et les cartes de traitement de tuberculose des centres de diagnostic et de traitement de Lomé. Les nouveaux patients tuberculeux à bacilloscopie positive à la fin du deuxième mois (frottis mois 2 positif) constituaient la population de l'étude. Un groupe de comparaison était constitué avec les nouveaux patients tuberculeux à bacilloscopie négatif à la fin du deuxième mois (frottis mois 2 négatif). RÉSULTATS: La proportion des frottis mois 2 positif était de 5,34 % (163/3050). Les taux de guérison et d'échec étaient respectivement de 69,3% et de 17,2% chez les frottis 2 positif contre 79,1% et 3,7 % chez les frottis 2 négatif. Le taux de décès était similaire dans les deux groupes (respectivement 3% et 3,7%). CONCLUSION: Les patients à frottis 2 positif ont un risque élevé d'échec et doivent bénéficier d'une attention particulière au cours de leur suivi afin améliorer les résultats de leur traitement.

5.
Sciences de la santé ; 1(1): 24-26, 2013.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1271863

ABSTRACT

Objectifs: Evaluer la prevalence des neuropathies peripheriques et leurs facteurs associes. Methode: Il s'agit d'une etude transversale menee du 1er fevrier au 1er juillet 2011 sur l'ensemble des patients recevant un traitement antiretroviral associant deux inhibiteurs nucleosidiques et un inhibiteur non nucleosidique de la reverse transcriptase. Le diagnostic des neuropathies peripheriques a ete pose sur la base de criteres cliniques. Les facteurs associes etaient representes par l'existence de facteurs de risque connu comme cause de neuropathies peripheriques. La numeration des lymphocytes T CD4 a ete effectuee chez tous les patients.Resultats : L'etude a porte sur 512 personnes. Parmi eux; 157 (30;7) presentaient des neuropathies peripheriques a type de paresthesies (75;2); les sensations de brulure (44;6); les douleurs franches (42;7). L'age avance; l'alcoolisme; l'immunodepression avancee et l'exposition a la stavudine etaient les facteurs. Conclusion : L'incrimination de la Stavudine dans la survenue de cette maladie justifie son retrait des protocoles ARV de premiere ligne


Subject(s)
Academic Medical Centers , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases , Prevalence , Stavudine
6.
Med Mal Infect ; 41(3): 140-4, 2011 Mar.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21282024

ABSTRACT

METHOD: We prospectively studied patients with pulmonary TB, with or without HIV-1 co-infection, from December 1, 2007 to December 1, 2008. Two groups of patients naive for TB and antiretroviral treatment (group A: 96 co-infected TB/HIV and group B: 171 TB infected but HIV negative) were selected randomly. The CD4 count was assessed according to HIV status, and all patients received RHEZ TB treatment for 2 months. Pulmonary smear was assessed at two weeks, four weeks, six weeks, and eight weeks. RESULT: Two hundred and sixty seven patients were treated (26.6% of admissions). The mean age was 34.62 ± 11 years and the sex ratio was 1.3. A proportion of 35.75% patients were HIV co-infected with a median CD4 count at 157 cells per millimeter cube. The sputum smear conversion was obtained for more than 87.5% of patients in group A and 24.56% in group B at two weeks; 94% of patients in group A and 61.83% in group B at four weeks; 100% of patients in group A and 87.33% in group B at six weeks, and 100% of patients in group A and 96.77% in group B at eight weeks. P<0.05 at six weeks. CONCLUSION: HIV infected TB patients were more susceptible to treatment than TB/HIV infected patients in the first six weeks.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , HIV-1 , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Drug Therapy, Combination , Ethambutol/administration & dosage , Ethambutol/therapeutic use , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Inpatients , Isoniazid/administration & dosage , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Pyrazinamide/administration & dosage , Pyrazinamide/therapeutic use , Sampling Studies , Togo/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Young Adult
7.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 103(1): 51-9, 2010 Feb.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20108068

ABSTRACT

As a follow-up to the first AfroREB (Africa Rabies Expert Bureau) meeting, held in Grand-Bassam (Côte-d'Ivoire) in March 2008, African rabies experts of the Afro-REB network met a second time to complete the evaluation of the rabies situation in Africa and define specific action plans. About forty French speaking rabies specialists from Northern, Western and Central Africa and Madagascar met in Dakar (Senegal), from March 16th to 19th, 2009. With the participation of delegates from Tunisia, who joined the AfroREB network this year, 15 French speaking African countries were represented. Experts from the Institut Pasteur in Paris, the Alliance for Rabies Control, and the Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group (SEARG, a network of rabies experts from 19 English speaking Southern and Eastern African countries) were in attendance, to participate in the discussion and share their experiences. AfroREB members documented 146 known human rabies cases in all represented countries combined for 2008, for a total population of 209.3 million, or an incidence of 0.07 cases per 100,000 people. Even admitting that the experts do not have access to all reported cases, this is far from the WHO estimation of 2 rabies deaths per 100,000 people in urban areas and 3.6 per 100,000 in rural Africa. It was unanimously agreed that the priority is to break the vicious cycle of indifference and lack of information which is the main barrier to human rabies prevention.


Subject(s)
Rabies/prevention & control , Animals , Congresses as Topic , Disease Notification , Dog Diseases/prevention & control , Dog Diseases/virology , Dogs , Health Education , Humans , Population Surveillance , Rabies/epidemiology , Rabies/veterinary , Rabies Vaccines , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Vaccination/veterinary
8.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 102(4): 252-3, 2009 Oct.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19950544

ABSTRACT

Tetanus is still a major health problem in Sénégal. In order to understand some of these reasons, we conducted a study. The aim of this study is to assess ironworkers' knowledge, behaviors and practices about tetanus. This knowledge, behaviors and practices survey was carried out in ironworks of two neighborhoods of Dakar from April 5 to May 10, 2008. 41 ironworks were identified and 32 agreed to participate in the study. In this ironworks, 120 ironworkers were interviewed. Their average age was 29 years +/- 15, education in French schools was low and 78.3% of them had a source of information. Despite some inaccuracies, most ironworkers were aware of tetanus (97.5%), severity (93.3%), causes (89.2%). However 35% did not evaluate the risk of tetanus and almost all the ironworkers or 96.7% had no preventive measures after injury. Moreover, no ironworker was fully immunized against tetanus. In some occupations at risk, awareness of tetanus should be increased by all available channels and methods emphasizing the importance of prevention.


Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Metallurgy , Tetanus/psychology , Accidents, Occupational , Adult , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Male , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data , Risk , Senegal , Tetanus/prevention & control , Tetanus Toxoid , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Wound Infection/prevention & control , Young Adult
9.
Vaccine ; 26(50): 6295-8, 2008 Nov 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18617294

ABSTRACT

Rabies experts from 14 francophone African countries met in Grand Bassam (Côte d'Ivoire), 10-13 March 2008. They presented the situation in their respective countries, acknowledging the lack of rabies awareness among the population, health care workers and health authorities. They recognized that infrastructure for the management of rabies exposure is scarce, modern vaccines are in limited quantity and immunoglobulins are lacking in most of their countries. They defined as a priority the need to have reliable figures on the disease burden, which is necessary for informed decision making and priority setting, and for applying for aid in controlling the disease. This meeting sealed the establishment of the Africa Rabies Expert Bureau (AfroREB).


Subject(s)
Health Planning , Rabies/epidemiology , Rabies/prevention & control , Africa , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Cooperative Behavior , Health Education , Humans
11.
HIV Med ; 7(3): 197-9, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16494635

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between lopinavir trough plasma concentration at baseline and virological efficacy 3 months after the beginning of the therapy was investigated in an unselected cohort of HIV-1-infected patients METHODS: According to initial trough lopinavir plasma level, patients were classified into three groups: the subtherapeutic group (<3 mg/L, n=18), the therapeutic group (between 3 and 8 mg/L, n=50) and the toxic group (>8 mg/L, n=16). The virological response after 3 months of lopinavir treatment, defined as a viral load <200 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, was compared amongst these groups. RESULTS: The virological response was significantly different (P<0.05) between the subtherapeutic group (22.% of patients with viral load<200 copies/mL) and the other groups (56.0% of patients with a viral load<200 copies/mL in the therapeutic group and 56.2% in the toxic group). CONCLUSIONS: A lower virological efficacy should be expected for experienced or naive patients with plasma trough lopinavir concentrations<3 mg/L at the beginning of treatment.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/blood , HIV Protease Inhibitors/blood , HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , HIV-1 , Pyrimidinones/blood , Pyrimidinones/therapeutic use , Adult , Chi-Square Distribution , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Lopinavir , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Viral Load
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