ABSTRACT
A number of flavonoids isolated from Lonchocarpus spp. were evaluated for their antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activity. Flavone 6 and chalcone 7 were found to be the most active against Leishmania parasites and against cell cultures of Leukemia P388DI and adenocarcinoma prostate PC-3.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Derris/chemistry , Flavones/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Antiprotozoal Agents/toxicity , Cell Line, Tumor , Flavones/chemistry , Flavones/toxicity , Humans , Leukemia/pathology , Male , Molecular Structure , Phytotherapy , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
A total of 27 methanol extracts obtained from different plant parts of 10 species of rain forest trees belonging to four genera of the Flacourtiaceae and originating from Australia were investigated. In vitro cytotoxicity was measured by an ATP Lite-M assay method against the mouse P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line. The total antioxidant activity has been assessed based on scavenging activity of stable ABTS free radicals. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined by the dilution method performed in 96 well plates against four different microbes. The leaf extract of Casearia sp. (RB 3051), mature stem extract of Casearia grayi and stem extract of Scolopia braunii were found to have most antioxidant activity (IC50 = 2.9 microg/ml), cytotoxic activity (LC50 = 0.89 microg/ml) and antimicrobial activity against all four different microbes, respectively. The results obtained suggested that among the four genera studied Casearia is the most promising in respect of finding significant antioxidant, cytotoxic and also antimicrobial activity.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Salicaceae , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Australia , Candida albicans/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Medicine, Traditional , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Leaves , Plant Roots , Plant Stems , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Five alkaloids, four beta-indoloquinazoline and one furoquinoline, and four terpenoids, three limonoids and one modified sesquiterpene, have been obtained from the aerial parts of Bouchardatia neurococca (Rutaceae). Two of the alkaloids, 1,2-dihydroxyrutaecarpine and 2-(2-[3-formylindolyl])-(3H)-quinazolin-4-one (bouchardatine), and two of the limonoids, 23-oxo-21xi-hydroxy-21,23-dihydroveprisone (veprisonic acid) and 21-oxo-23xi-hydroxy-21,23-dihydroveprisone (isoveprisonic acid) are new. The pattern of secondary metabolites isolated is rather unusual in the Rutaceae and is reminiscent of Tetradium, a genus with which Bouchardatia has not previously been associated.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/chemistry , Limonins/chemistry , Rutaceae/chemistry , Rutaceae/classification , Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Evodia/chemistry , Evodia/genetics , Limonins/isolation & purification , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, BiomolecularABSTRACT
The aerial parts of Halfordia kendack (Rutaceae) have yielded the known alkaloid trans-erioaustralasine ([rel]-1-acetoxymethyl-4.8'-epoxy-3-(1'beta,2'beta-epoxy-3'beta,4'alpha-para-menthyl-3'-yl)quinolin-2-one) together with four new alkaloids. The latter were characterised by spectroscopic methods as trans-deacetoxyerioaustralasine ([rel]-1-methyl-4.8'-epoxy-3-(1'beta,2'beta-epoxy-3'beta,4'alpha-para-menthyl-3'-yl)quinolin-2-one), trans-deacetoxyerioaustralasine hydrate ([rel]-1-methyl-4.8'-epoxy-3-(1'alpha,2'alpha-dihydroxy-3'beta,4'alpha-para-;menthyl-3'-yl)quinolin-2-one), trans-erioaustralasine hydrate ([rel]-1-acetoxymethyl-4.8'-epoxy-3-(1'alpha,2'alpha-dihydroxy-3'beta,4'alpha-para-menthyl-3'-yl)quinolin-2-one) and trans-1-epi-deacetoxyerioaustralasine hydrate ([rel]-1-acetoxymethyl-4.8'-epoxy-3-(1'beta,2'alpha-dihydroxy-3'beta,4'alpha-para-menthyl-3'-yl)quinolin-2-one).
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Quinolines/chemistry , Rutaceae/chemistry , Alkaloids/chemistry , Spectrum AnalysisABSTRACT
A C19 metabolite has been isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of Chiococca alba and characterized as a new nor-seco-pimarane, to which we have given the trivial name merilactone (1). The structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 was established by spectral data interpretation.
Subject(s)
Lactones/isolation & purification , Plant Roots/chemistry , Rubiaceae/chemistry , China , Lactones/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Models, Chemical , Molecular Conformation , Plant Roots/metabolism , Rubiaceae/metabolism , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Three flavones, 5,7-dihydroxy-2',3',4',5'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,2',3',5'-tetramethoxyflavone, and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-2',3',5'-trimethoxyflavone were isolated from the leaf exudate of Psiadia punctulata, together with the previously reported 5-hydroxy-7,2',3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone and 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-2',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone. The two phenylpropenoids, Z-docosyl-p-coumarate and E-docosyl-p-coumarate were also isolated. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
Subject(s)
Asteraceae/chemistry , Coumaric Acids/chemistry , Coumaric Acids/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Asteraceae/therapeutic use , Phytotherapy , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Structures/chemistryABSTRACT
From the leaves of Eucalyptus ovata 13 known compounds, four flavonol glycosides and nine tannins, including the trimer gallocatechin-(4alpha-8)-gallocatechin-(4alpha-8)-catechin (1), were isolated. The spectral data of the peracetate derivative of the trimer are reported.
Subject(s)
Catechin/chemistry , Flavonoids/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Rosales , Catechin/analogs & derivatives , Humans , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
The stem bark of Albizia gummifera has yielded four triterpenes, lupeol, lupenone, vitalboside-A (1) and vitalboside-A 2'-methylglucuronate (2), the last of which appears to be novel.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rosales , Triterpenes/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Oleanolic Acid/analogs & derivativesABSTRACT
Several triterpenes were isolated from stem barks of Albizia versicolor and A. schimperana. Spectral data of acacic acid lactone (1) are presented.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rosales , Triterpenes/chemistry , Humans , Medicine, African Traditional , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant StemsABSTRACT
From the leaves of Eucalyptus consideniana and E. viminalis, known hydrolysable tannins, galloyl esters and ellagitannins, were isolated. Flavonol glycosides were also isolated from the leaves of E. consideniana. The spectral data of the dimeric ellagitannin, oenothein B (1), are reported.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rosales/chemistry , Humans , Phenols , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves , PolymersABSTRACT
The aerial parts of Halfordia kendack (Rutaceae) have yielded a new furanocoumarin derivative which has been identified as 3,5-dimethoxy-3-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-3,4-dihydropsoralen-4-one on the basis of spectroscopic and X-ray examination. This new compound, present in high concentration, is probably formed from a 4-O-prenylated precursor furanocoumarin via a Claisen rearrangement. No trace of the putative precursor was found in this sample.
Subject(s)
Furocoumarins/isolation & purification , Magnoliopsida/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Furocoumarins/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular ConformationABSTRACT
The stem bark of Lonchocarpus xuul (Leguminosae) has yielded four flavonoids which have been identified by spectroscopic methods as the novel 4beta,5-dimethoxy-6",6"-dimethyl-2H-pyrano-(2",3":7,6)-fl avan (xuulanin), 3beta,4beta,5-trimethoxy-6",6"-dimethyl-2H-pyrano-(2",3":7,6 )-flavan (3beta-methoxyxuulanin). 4beta-ethoxy-5-methoxy-6",6"-dimethyl-2H-pyrano-(2",3":7,6)- flavan (4beta-demethylxuulanin-4beta-ethyl ether), and the known 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-di(3-methylbut-2-enyl)flavanone (spiniflavanone-B). The ethyl derivative is considered likely to be an artefact.
Subject(s)
Fabaceae/chemistry , Flavonoids/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Trees/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
The methanol extract of Tabernaemontana penduliflora was found to appreciably inhibit [3H]-estradiol binding to estrogen receptors. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two known alkaloids, 10-hydroxycoronaridine (1) and its 10-O-methyl ether, voacangine (2). These alkaloids together with other related alkaloids were tested for their estrogenic activities. Among these molecules, 1 was found to be the most potent estrogen agonist and is distinctly more active than genistein.
Subject(s)
Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/isolation & purification , Plants/chemistry , Cell Division/drug effects , Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/chemistry , Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacology , Humans , Molecular Structure , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
A novel withanolide (1) has been isolated from the leaves of Discopodium penninervium and identified as 17-epiacnistin-A on the basis of spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction data.
Subject(s)
Ergosterol/analogs & derivatives , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Chromatography, Liquid , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Crystallography, X-Ray , Ergosterol/chemistry , Ergosterol/isolation & purification , Ethiopia , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Plant Leaves/chemistryABSTRACT
A reinvestigation of the stem bark of Cleistopholis glauca yielded 14 compounds, of which seven were either novel or had not been previously reported from this species. These were identified as the farnesane sesquiterpene methyl-(2E,6E)-10-oxo-3,7, 11-trimethyl-dodeca-2,6-dienoate (1); the azaanthracene alkaloid cleistopholine (4); two partially acetylated oligorhamnoside derivatives, 1-O-dodecanyl-2,3, 4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2, 4-di-O-acetyl-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-4-O-acetyl-alpha-rhamnopy ranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-rhamnopyranoside (6) and 1-O-dodecanyl-2, 4-di-O-acetyl-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2, 4-di-O-acetyl-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-4-O-acetyl-alpha-rhamnopy ranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-rhamnopyranoside (8), for which the trivial names cleistetroside-7 and cleistetroside-6 were assigned, respectively; the dihydrobenzofuran neolignan rel-(2alpha, 3beta)-7-O-methylcedrusin (12); and the flavonoids dihydroquercetin (13) and quercetin (14). Structure assignments of all compounds were established by spectroscopic methods and comparison with published data. The chemosystematic significance of the occurrence of the isolated components is mentioned. Compounds 1, 6, and 8 are novel natural products.
Subject(s)
Glycosides/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Carbohydrate Sequence , Glycosides/chemistry , Molecular Sequence Data , Plant Stems/chemistry , Spectrum AnalysisABSTRACT
The aerial parts of Goniothalamus gardneri (Annonaceae) has yielded the known flavonoids 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'-trimethoxychalcone (flavokawain A), 2',4'-dihydroxy-4,6'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxydihydrochalcone, 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavanone (naringenin trimethyl ether) and 7-hydroxy-5,4'-dimethoxyflavanone (tsugafolin) together with three novel compounds, the dimer characterised as (rel)-1beta,2alpha-di-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxybenzoyl)-3beta,4alpha-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)-cyclobutane, 2',4'-dihydroxy-4,6'-dimethoxychalcone and 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'-trimethoxydihydrochalcone. The last two have previously been synthesised but appear to be new natural products. A similar study of the aerial parts of G. thwaitesii led only to the isolation of the known flavonoids myricetin 4'-O-methyl ether-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (mearnsitrin) and myricetin-3-O-methyl ether (annulatin), together with the triterpenes friedelinol, friedelin and betulinic acid. All compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis and, for known compounds, by comparison with published data.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Magnoliopsida/chemistry , Flavonoids/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Species Specificity , Spectrum AnalysisABSTRACT
Five compounds, including three that are novel, were isolated from the stems of Paramignya grifithii (Rutaceae). Two new and one known prenylated flavanones were characterized as 3',4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-furano(4",5":6,5)-flava-adicin. In addition, a triterpene, 3-oxo-tirucalla-7,24-diene-21-al, and a novel chromene, 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran, were identified.
Subject(s)
Benzopyrans/isolation & purification , Flavanones , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Rosales/chemistry , Triterpenes/isolation & purification , Benzopyrans/chemistry , Flavonoids/chemistry , Plant Stems/chemistry , Triterpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
From the aerial parts of the Myrica gale catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, gallocatechin-(4 alpha-8)-epicatechin, gallocatechin-(4 alpha-8)-epigallocatechin, and gallocatechin-(4 alpha-8)-gallocatechin-(4 alpha-8)-gallocatechin (1), were isolated. The 1H- and 13C-NMR data of the peracetate derivative of the trimer are reported.
Subject(s)
Plant Oils/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal , Rosales , Tannins/isolation & purification , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Plant Oils/chemistry , Plant Structures , Tannins/chemistryABSTRACT
Oxytetracycline is a polyketide antibiotic made by Streptomyces rimosus. From DNA sequencing, the gene product of otcD1 is deduced to function as a bifunctional cyclase/aromatase involved in ring closure of the polyketide backbone. Although otcD1 is contiguous with the ketoreductase gene, they are located an unusually large distance from the genes encoding the "minimal polyketide synthase" of the oxytetracycline gene cluster. A recombinant, disrupted in the genomic copy of otcD1, made four novel polyketides, all of shorter chain length (by up to 10 carbons) than oxytetracycline. All four novel structures contained the unusual carboxamido group, typical of oxytetracycline. This implies that the carboxamido group is present at the start of biosynthesis of oxytetracycline, a topic that has been debated in the literature. Loss of the cyclase protein has a profound influence on the length of polyketide chain assembled, implying that OtcD1 plays a greater role in the overall integrity of the quaternary structure of the polyketide complex than hitherto imagined.