ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE AND PARTICIPANTS: The authors examined cognitive and affective dimensions of body image of a randomized sample of 188 college men on the basis of body mass index (BMI). METHODS: They conducted chi-square tests and ANOVAs to determine differences between 4 BMI groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese) on demographics and body image measures. RESULTS: The authors found significant differences in regard to total body image (p < .001), weight or shape concern (p < .001), and body dissatisfaction (p < .001). BMI was significantly correlated with negative body image. Overweight and obese participants reported significantly higher levels of negative body image than did normal- and underweight participants. Overweight participants reported significantly higher weight and shape concerns than did underweight, normal-weight, and obese participants. In regard to body dissatisfaction, underweight, overweight, and obese participants reported significantly higher levels of body dissatisfaction than that reported by normal-weight participants. CONCLUSIONS: BMI may be an important factor in identifying potential body image disorders in college-aged men.
Subject(s)
Body Image , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Personal Satisfaction , Physical Fitness/psychology , Students/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Affect , Cross-Sectional Studies , Culture , Demography , Humans , Male , Obesity/psychology , Overweight/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Thinness/psychology , United States , UniversitiesABSTRACT
This study investigated the mediating role of adolescent self-efficacy in the relationship between parental practices and adolescent alcohol use. Resistance self-efficacy was a perfect mediator in the relationship between parental monitoring and lower alcohol use. Resistance self-efficacy may determine the effect of parental monitoring on deterring alcohol use in adolescents.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Self Efficacy , Adolescent , Adult , Communication , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to examine the potential of brief intervention (BI) as a modality for translating health behavior intervention research into practice. We discuss common definitions of BI, applications within common models of translation research, effects of BI on a range of health behaviors and across various populations, current and potential mechanisms, and uses for dissemination to practice. A number of advantages of BI suggest they are well suited for translating behavioral research. In addition, findings from 13 systematic reviews of BI effects show their potential versatility. Basic research on motivation, decision making, and persuasion may be applied to the design of BIs (Type 1 translation). Suggestions for translating BI research into practice are discussed (Type 2 translation). The article concludes that efforts to use BIs to translate research into practice are currently underdeveloped. Recommendations are provided for using BI in translating research into practice.
