BIRM 270: a novel inhibitor of arachidonate release that blocks leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor biosynthesis in human neutrophils.

(S)-N-[2-Cyclohexyl-1-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-2-benzoxazolamine+ ++ (BIRM 270) was identified as a potent and enantiomerically selective inhibitor of calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated leukotriene B4 biosynthesis in human neutrophils. The (S)- and (R)-enantiomers exhibited IC50 values of 1 nM and 40 nM, respectively. BIRM 270 did not inhibit 5-lipoxygenase activity in a cell-free assay. In addition, the compound did not interfere with the conversion of exogenous 5-lipoxygenase substrate (15S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid to (5S, 15S)-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in intact, ionophore-stimulated neutrophils. Under the same experimental conditions, BIRM 270 inhibited the production of 5-lipoxygenase products from endogenous substrate, suggesting that the compound affected arachidonate availability rather than metabolism. Consistent with this concept, the inhibition of leukotriene B4 biosynthesis by BIRM 270 was overcome by the addition of exogenous arachidonic acid to the leukocyte preparation. Direct measurement of free arachidonate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed that BIRM 270 inhibited arachidonate release from ionophore-stimulated neutrophils. The compound did not affect arachidonate reacylation. The blockage of arachidonate release coincided with inhibition of leukotriene B4 biosynthesis in these cells. BIRM 270 also inhibited ionophore-stimulated platelet-activating factor biosynthesis by human neutrophils. Although these results suggest that BIRM 270 inhibited phospholipase A2-mediated deacylation of membrane phospholipids, the compound did not directly inhibit the high molecular weight, cytosolic phospholipase A2 derived from human neutrophils or U937 cells. Thus, suppression of arachidonate mobilization by BIRM 270 may be due to indirect inhibition of intracellular phospholipase A2 or to inhibition of another acylhydrolase activity.

Benzoxazolamines and benzothiazolamines: potent, enantioselective inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis with a novel mechanism of action.

A series of benzoxazolamine and benzothiazolamine analogs that inhibit leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis are described. The initial lead, (S)-N-(benzothiazol-2- yl)phenylalanine ethyl ester (5a), was discovered in a screening program for inhibition of Ca-ionophore-A23187-induced LTB4 release in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (IC50 0.23 microM). Through structural modification, it was determined that hydrophobic substituents in the 5-position and replacement of the phenyl ring of phenylalanine with a cyclohexyl group greatly enhance potency. Several ester bioisosteres that retain potency and enantiomeric selectivity are described. Lead optimization culminated in (S)-N-[2-cyclohexyl-1-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-2-benzoxazolamine+ ++ (43b), IC50 0.001 microM. The compounds described are not inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase but, rather, act at the level of arachidonic acid release.