From nurse to nurse anesthetist: the influence of age and gender on professional socialization and career commitment of advanced practice nurses.

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of age and gender on professional socialization and career commitment of student registered nurse anesthetists. A 78-item, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to the United States population of student nurse anesthetists (n = 2,008). Responses were received from 1,106 (55 per cent response rate). Forty per cent of the respondents were male, and 60 per cent were female. Thirty-nine per cent of respondents were age 20 to 30 years; 48 per cent were 31 to 40 years old; and 13 per cent were older than 40 years. Demographic data and scales identifying the three dimensions of socialization were analyzed with Chi square and GSK analysis of variance to measure responses and differences to all Guttman-scaled items. Age and gender both correlated significantly (P < .05) with the socioeconomic rewards of the profession. Increasing age was negatively correlated with professional socioeconomic rewards and attraction and the dimension of relatedness to the professional role. Male gender was positively correlated with a bureaucratic orientation and administrative/supervisory roles, and female gender was positively correlated with holistic patient care. Men achieved socialization more readily in the dimension of occupational orientation. Nurses, particularly advanced practice nurses, are socialized into a hierarchy that has implicit values and roles. The influence of age and gender must be considered in the professional socialization process.

From nurse to nurse anesthetist: the relationship of culture, race, and ethnicity to professional socialization and career commitment of advanced practice nurses.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of culture, race, and ethnicity on professional socialization and career commitment of student registered nurse anesthetists. A 78-item, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to the United States population of student nurse anesthetists (N = 2,008) yielding a 56% response. Demographic data and the dimensions of socialization were analyzed with chi-square and weighted least-squares linear analysis of variance. Four scales assessed the relationship of age, gender, culture/race/ethnicity, and views of culturally congruent care on the socialization process. In all dimensions of socialization, culture and race/ethnicity both correlated significantly (p < .05) for all nondominant groups compared to the dominant European American White group. Responses from Asian-Pacific Islanders were most positively correlated to all dimensions of socialization. Hispanics responded least positively to a life-time commitment to the career in nurse anesthesia by culture (p = .003) and ethnicity (p = .009).

Perioperative nursing in Israel.

Perioperative nursing in Israel's Hadassah Medical Organization hospitals-Ein Kerem and Mt Scopus-reflects quality patient care practices paralleling those in US hospitals. Although these two hospitals, both located in Jerusalem, represent only 5% of the hospital beds in Israel, they receive more than 60% of referrals made to all Israel hospitals. Throughout Israel's tumultuous history, the Hadassah Medical Organization has served the country during both war and peace. In 1991, Mt Scopus was designated as the hospital on duty in case of a chemical attack during the Gulf War. The authors provide an overview of perioperative nursing at the Eln Kerem and Mt Scopus Medical Centers of the Hadassah Medical Organization and describe one American nurse's experience as a volunteer in the Mt Scopus Medical Center OR during the Gulf War.

Nurse anesthesia and multiculturalism.

Program directors from 90 accredited nurse anesthesia programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were surveyed concerning multicultural issues. This article summarizes the identified needs of clients and student nurse anesthetists from culturally diverse backgrounds. Noteworthy findings include the perception that clients were more disadvantaged than students because of differences in socioeconomic status; the fact that about half of the programs provided students with instruction on cultural differences; and the observation that specific units of instruction within courses were the most frequent way of giving instruction in this subject area.

CRNAs: an enviable legacy of patient service.

The profession of nurse anesthesia and the role of the certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) is chronicled to acquaint the general nursing population and those within advanced practice specialties of nursing to the discipline of anesthesiology. Historical highlights, professional definitions, scope of practice, insights into the educational preparation of CRNAs, employment settings, and marketplace opportunities are described. Professional challenges and opportunities facing CRNAs have come from both within and outside the nursing community. By facing these challenges CRNAs have demonstrated their tenacity in professional commitment to the delivery of quality patient care for more than 100 years.

Ketorolac and propofol administration for prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing minor gynecologic surgery.

This clinical review explores the efficacy of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, ketorolac tromethamine, added to an anesthetic regimen utilizing intravenous propofol. Both agents have been shown to reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting postoperatively when administered to patients undergoing minor gynecologic surgery. Because the incidence of nausea and vomiting is significantly reduced when ketorolac is used in place of opioids to attenuate postoperative pain, it would appear to be an appropriate choice of agent to use following propofol anesthesia. The use of this combination of drugs may not only reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing minor gynecologic surgery, but could reduce the duration of hospitalization and enhance recovery from anesthesia.

Report of the National Commission on Nurse Anesthesia Education. Graduate nurse anesthesia education: the university based model.

A university based model of a nurse anesthesia educational program is described, with emphasis on its development in a graduate degree framework. Steps in developing a university based program are outlined.

Why publish?

The following article encourages student nurse anesthetists to publish knowledge learned from clinical and educational experiences; however, the same philosophy and advice applies to all nurse anesthetists. Dr. Waugaman presented the information in this article to more than 700 students who attended a Student Luncheon on August 6. The luncheon was among many special activities held for students during the 58th AANA Annual Meeting in Nashville, August 3-8, 1991. For more information on submitting manuscripts to the AANA Journal, please refer to "Information for Authors," published in each issue of the AANA Journal, and the February 1991 article titled "A style change for the AANA Journal," authored by Michael A. Fiedler, CRNA, MS, and E. Jane McCarthy, CRNA, PhD.