Automated correction angle calculation in high tibial osteotomy planning.

High tibial osteotomy correction angle calculation is a process that is usually performed manually or in a semi-automated way. The process, according to the Miniaci method, is divided into several stages to find specific points: the center of the femoral head, the edges of the tibial plateau, the Fujisawa point, the center of the ankle joint, and the Hinge point. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end approach that consists of different techniques for finding each point. We used YOLOv4 to detect regions of interest. To identify the center of the femoral head, we used the YOLOv4 and the Hough transform. For the other points, we used a combined method of YOLOv4 with the ASM/AAM algorithm and YOLOv4 with image processing algorithms. Our fully-automated method achieved a mean error rate of 0.5[Formula: see text] (0[Formula: see text]-2.76[Formula: see text]) ICC 0.99 (0.98-0.99) 95% CI on our own dataset of standing long-leg Anterior Posterior view X-rays. This might be the first method that automatically calculates the correction angle of high tibial osteotomy.

Differences in clinical phenotypes of primary Sjögren's syndrome depending on early or late onset.

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that systemic involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a marker of disease prognosis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate pSS disease activity and the clinical phenotype of pSS patients depending on the age at diagnosis with long-term follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of patients diagnosed with pSS based on the 2016 pSS classification criteria. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 46 patients with early-onset pSS (≤35 years of age) and 32 patients with late-onset pSS (≥65 years of age). The study group was identified from a total of 228 patients diagnosed with pSS. There were no differences regarding the frequency of eye and mouth dryness, focus score (FS) ≥1 or anti-SSA/SSB antibodies depending on age. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was more common among older patients (p > 0.05). In the overall assessment of disease activity using European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), no differences related to age were observed on the first and last visit (after 36 months on average). Lymphadenopathy and changes in the hematology domain (p < 0.05) were more common in patients with the early-onset phenotype. Changes in the lungs and musculoskeletal system occurred regardless of age. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with early-onset pSS differ from those with late-onset pSS in terms of higher incidence of peripheral lymphadenopathy and cytopenia. The involvement of lung tissue and joints as well as dryness symptoms are common in pSS regardless of age. The RF plays a role in the pathomechanism of pSS development.

Effects of Photosensitization of Curcumin in Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells.

BACKGROUND/AIM: There is no satisfactory treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, a highly invasive brain tumor. The aim of this study was to analyze the cytotoxic effects of curcumin (CUR) alone and as a photosensitizer on glioblastoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SNB-19 cells where incubated for 2 and 24 h with 5-200 mM of CUR. The cells were radiated with blue light (6 J/cm2) and compared to non-irradiated ones. The effects of treatment were assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity with the MTT method and apoptosis progression by flow cytometry. To investigate CUR uptake, fluorescence imaging of cells was performed. RESULTS: Photosensitization of CUR decreased the EC50 6.3 times when the incubation time was 2 h and over 90% of cells underwent apoptosis. The study of the uptake of CUR showed that during the 2 h, CUR was placed in the entire cytoplasm, and over time, its amount decreased and localized in the subcellular compartments. CONCLUSION: CUR is a promising medicament that can be used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for glioma treatment.

In Search of Panacea-Review of Recent Studies Concerning Nature-Derived Anticancer Agents.

Cancers are one of the leading causes of deaths affecting millions of people around the world, therefore they are currently a major public health problem. The treatment of cancer is based on surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy, much of which is often insufficient and cause serious, burdensome and undesirable side effects. For many years, assorted secondary metabolites derived from plants have been used as antitumor agents. Recently, researchers have discovered a large number of new natural substances which can effectively interfere with cancer cells' metabolism. The most famous groups of these compounds are topoisomerase and mitotic inhibitors. The aim of the latest research is to characterize natural compounds found in many common foods, especially by means of their abilities to regulate cell cycle, growth and differentiation, as well as epigenetic modulation. In this paper, we focus on a review of recent discoveries regarding nature-derived anticancer agents.