ABSTRACT
The number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in correctional facilities around the country has been increasing. Considering the potential health impact of MRSA, it is important that correctional facilities have prevention and control protocols in place. The study results summarize the prevention and control preparedness activities of county jails in the Greater Dayton area of Ohio. Protocols and control measures were in place for environmental control (95.4%), MRSA screening (88.4%), standard precautions (84.3%), treatment (83.6%), personal hygiene (80.6%), and education (80.4%). Statistical analysis found no significant difference between rural and urban county jails in their handling of MRSA issues. The findings suggest significant compliance with MRSA prevention and control protocols among county jails in the Greater Dayton area.
Subject(s)
Communicable Disease Control , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Prisons/organization & administration , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/prevention & control , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/therapy , Health Education , Humans , Hygiene , Mass Screening , Ohio/epidemiology , Residence CharacteristicsABSTRACT
Diiodobutadiyne forms cocrystals with bis(pyridyl)oxalamides in which the diyne alignment is near the ideal parameters for topochemical polymerization to the ordered conjugated polymer, poly(diiododiacetylene) (PIDA). Nonetheless, previous efforts to induce polymerization in these samples via heat or irradiation were unsuccessful. We report here the successful ordered polymerization of diiodobutadiyne in these cocrystals, by subjecting them to high external pressure (0.3-10 GPa). At the lower end of the pressure range, the samples contain primarily monomer, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction studies, but some polymerization does occur, leading to a pronounced color change from colorless to blue and to the development of intense Raman peaks at 962, 1394, and 2055 cm-1, corresponding to the poly(diacetylene). At higher pressures, the samples turn black and contain primarily polymer, as determined by solid-state NMR and Raman spectroscopy. Both density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/LanL2DZ) and comparisons to authentic samples of PIDA have confirmed the data analysis.
ABSTRACT
Diiodobutadiyne (1) and diiodohexatriyne (2) form cocrystals with bispyridyl oxalamides and ureas, based on the halogen bond between the alkynyl iodine and pyridine nitrogen. In each cocrystal, the oxalamide or urea host forms one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded networks, aligning the diiodopolyyne for potential topochemical polymerization with a repeat distance matching the host repeat.
ABSTRACT
[structure: see text] Tetrabromobutatriene, C(4)Br(4), can be prepared directly from dibromobutadiyne by reaction with Br(2) at -25 degrees C in concentrated hexanes solution. The cumulene precipitates out of the reaction mixture as a yellow powder. Under palladium-catalyzed coupling conditions, C(4)Br(4) can undergo allylic rearrangement, giving a mixture of products, including some with butenyne backbones. However, in furan solution, C(4)Br(4) reacts cleanly at its central double bond to give the furan Diels-Alder adduct. Under Suzuki conditions, this adduct reacts at the furan double bond rather than at bromide.
ABSTRACT
The (13)C NMR spectra of two different iodoalkynes, 1-iodo-1-hexyne (1) and diiodoethyne (2), exhibit a strong solvent dependence. Comparisons of the data with several common empirical models, including Gutmann's Donor numbers, Reichardt's E(N)(T), and Taft and Kamlet's beta and pi, demonstrate that this solvent effect arises from a specific acid-base interaction. Solvent basicity measures such as Donor numbers and beta values correlate well with the alpha-carbon chemical shift of 1, but polarity measures such as E(N)(T) and pi do not correlate. The similarity of the solvent effect for 1 and 2 suggests that carbon-carbon bond polarization may not play a role in the change in chemical shift, as previously hypothesized.
