Seedborne Cercospora beticola Can Initiate Cercospora Leaf Spot from Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Fruit Tissue.

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is a globally important disease of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. Long-distance movement of C. beticola has been indirectly evidenced in recent population genetic studies, suggesting potential dispersal via seed. Commercial sugar beet "seed" consists of the reproductive fruit (true seed surrounded by maternal pericarp tissue) coated in artificial pellet material. In this study, we confirmed the presence of viable C. beticola in sugar beet fruit for 10 of 37 tested seed lots. All isolates harbored the G143A mutation associated with quinone outside inhibitor resistance, and 32 of 38 isolates had reduced demethylation inhibitor sensitivity (EC50 > 1 µg/ml). Planting of commercial sugar beet seed demonstrated the ability of seedborne inoculum to initiate CLS in sugar beet. C. beticola DNA was detected in DNA isolated from xylem sap, suggesting the vascular system is used to systemically colonize the host. We established nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region amplicon sequencing using the MinION platform to detect fungi in sugar beet fruit. Fungal sequences from 19 different genera were identified from 11 different sugar beet seed lots, but Fusarium, Alternaria, and Cercospora were consistently the three most dominant taxa, comprising an average of 93% relative read abundance over 11 seed lots. We also present evidence that C. beticola resides in the pericarp of sugar beet fruit rather than the true seed. The presence of seedborne inoculum should be considered when implementing integrated disease management strategies for CLS of sugar beet in the future.

Service users' first accounts of experiencing endings from a psychological service or therapy: A systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis.

PURPOSE: To review and synthesize the qualitative literature on service users' experiences of endings from a psychological service or therapy. METHODS: A systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature identified qualitative studies meeting specific inclusion criteria. A modified CASP tool was used to critically appraise their quality, and a meta-ethnographic approach was used to synthesize their findings. RESULTS: Twelve papers met the inclusion criteria. The interpretation of findings suggested three key themes: anticipation of ending, service user control, and sense of responsibility. Although studies varied in geographical location and type of service, they were consistently of high quality. CONCLUSIONS: The review highlights the importance of service users' perspectives in understanding the experiences of endings. The findings complement existing literature and provide new interpretations. Considerations for practice were limited; however, the review provides useful directions for future research. PRACTITIONER POINTS: When ending therapy, clinicians should consider the dyadic nature of the therapeutic relationship and the emotional impact this may have upon both service users and staff. Further consideration should be given to how staff manage their responses to the ending. The time-limited structure of therapy may aid the ending process by relieving staff and service users of responsibility.

Developing Services for Patients with Depression or Anxiety in the Context of Long-term Physical Health Conditions and Medically Unexplained Symptoms: Evaluation of an IAPT Pathfinder Site.

BACKGROUND: There are national policy drivers for mental health services to demonstrate that they are effectively meeting the psychological needs of people with long-term health conditions/medically unexplained symptoms (LTC/MUS). AIMS: To evaluate the implementation of a stepped-care service delivery model within an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service for patients with depression or anxiety in the context of their LTC/MUS. METHOD: A stepped-care model was designed and implemented. Clinical and organizational impacts were evaluated via analyses of LTC/MUS patient profiles, throughputs and outcomes. RESULTS: The IAPT service treated N = 844 LTC and N = 172 MUS patients, with the majority (81.81%) receiving a low intensity intervention. Dropout across the service steps was low. There were few differences between LTC and MUS outcome rates regardless of step of service, but outcomes were suppressed when compared to generic IAPT patients. CONCLUSIONS: The potential contribution of IAPT stepped-care service delivery models in meeting the psychological needs of LTC/MUS patients is debated.