ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a high-probability request sequence on the latency to and duration of compliance to a request for completion of an independent math assignment. The participant was an elementary-school student with learning disabilities who exhibited noncompliance during math instruction. The results showed that high-probability requests were effective in reducing the latency to compliance but only minimally affected duration of engagement.
Subject(s)
Learning Disabilities/therapy , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Patient Compliance , ProbabilityABSTRACT
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a highly problematic and damaging behavior with profound implications for a person's quality of life. Despite numerous reports documenting changes in self-injury, it is not well-known how these changes relate to systematic improvements in quality of life. We surveyed 41 journals from 1978 to 1996 to identify use of quality of life outcome measures following self-injury treatment. A sample of 138 research articles involving 436 subjects with self-injury was reviewed. Forty articles (29%) were found that contained some quality of life measure. Very little detailed information was available concerning the specific nature of change in life-style based on immediate changes in SIB. This lack of information and its possible implications are discussed.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/therapy , Life Style , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Quality of Life , Self-Injurious Behavior/therapy , Humans , Intellectual Disability/complications , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/standards , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/trends , Research Design/standards , Research Design/statistics & numerical data , Research Design/trends , Self-Injurious Behavior/etiologyABSTRACT
Secretary Back Syndrome, the title appropriate and descriptive, the concept original and useful, describes an intermittent, recurrent, symmetrical low-back pain induced by swivel-chair exposure. The swivel chair, by its very mechanical nature, frequently invites poor posture, causing a symmetrical, recurrent, lumbo-sacral strain. Swivel-chair exposure, transiency and recurrence of low-back pain, i.e. weekend and vacation recovery, physical finding of symmetrical low-back tenderness and spasm, and relatively unremarkable X-ray findings, all serve to support the above stated syndrome. The treatment requires abstinence of swivel-chair exposure, an obvious, to-date, hidden occupational hazard, and a switch to the time-honored stationary chair in order to affect a total and permanent recovery. Secretary Back Syndrome is a valuable diagnostic concept if appropriately suspected and included in the differential diagnosis and treatment of low-back pain.
Subject(s)
Back Pain/etiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Back Pain/diagnosis , Back Pain/therapy , Biomechanical Phenomena , Humans , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Group affection activities were used to increase the interaction of three autistic children with their nonhandicapped peers in an integrated early childhood setting. Peer interaction increased during free play when the affection activities were conducted, but not when similar activities without the affection component were used. This interaction included initiations by both the autistic and nonhandicapped children, with reciprocal interactions occurring more frequently with nonhandicapped peers who had participated in the affection activities.
