A dataset describing chip parameters for rock breaking by chisel pick under deep-sea hydrostatic pressure.

Chip is a visual representation of rock breaking by cutter, and their related parameters are crucial for revealing the rock breaking mechanism in deep-sea mining. Based on sieving and three-dimensional size measurement methods widely used in mining engineering, this paper reports a dataset of chip parameters for rock breaking by chisel pick under deep-sea hydrostatic pressure. Specifically, we first designed an experimental setup that can accurately simulate deep-sea hydrostatic pressure, conducted rock breaking experiments and carefully collected chips. Subsequently, those chips were sieved, high-resolution images were collected, and the coarseness index (CI), chip size uniformity (n), absolute chip size (de), and fractal dimension (D) were measured. Finally, three-dimensional size (long, intermediate and short) was measured for 3064 chips with particle sizes greater than 4.75 mm. This dataset will be used by researchers to validate numerical simulations or optimize equipment structures related to deep-sea mining, including deep-sea rock mechanics, mining cutter and conveyor pipes.

Elements of Post-Transplant Recovery in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Scoping Review.

To clarify and refine the specific elements of post-transplant recovery in lung transplant recipients, we explored the four dimensions of recovery: physiological, psychological, social, and habitual. This study is a scoping review. Two authors conducted a comprehensive electronic literature search to identify studies published from the establishment of the database to August 2022. Deductive coding was utilized to identify and categorize elements using a predefined list of the four components (physiological, psychological, social, and habitual recovery) based on the framework of post-transplant recovery proposed by Lundmark et al. Inductive coding was applied for concepts requiring further classification. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Systematic searching identified 8,616 potential records, of which 51 studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten subdimensions and their corresponding elements were identified and categorized into four dimensions of recovery following lung transplantation. The subdimensions included physiological recovery (including symptom experience, complications, physical function, and energy reserve), psychological recovery (encompassing affective distress, psychological adaptation, and transition from illness to health), social recovery (involving family adaptation and social adaptation), and habit recovery (focusing on health behavior).

Development and validation of the Chinese version of the self-management support scale for kidney transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Providing self-management support to kidney transplant recipients is essential. However, a scale to identify the self-management support they have received is lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop a Self-management Support Scale for Kidney Transplant Recipients (SMSSKTR) and test its psychometric properties. METHODS: This is an instrument development and validation study, which has a three-stage cross-sectional design. In Stage 1, a preliminary item pool was formed using a literature review, semi-structured interviews, and the Delphi method. In Stage 2, six experts were invited to assess content validity. A convenience sample of 313 participants was used to explore the factor structure by using exploratory factor analysis. The test-retest reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). In Stage 3, two hundred and sixty-five participants were recruited to validate the factor structure by using confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was examined using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and corrected item-total correlation coefficient were used to test the reliability of the entire scale and its dimensions. The study was reported according to the STARD and GRRAS checklists. RESULTS: An initial 40-item scale was developed in Stage 1. In Stage 2, three factors with 22 items emerged from the exploratory factor analysis: instrumental support, psychosocial support, and relational support. The content validity index of the scale was 0.97. The intra-class correlation coefficient for the entire scale and the subscales were 0.915, 0.771, 0.896, and 0.832, respectively. In Stage 3, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three-factor model had a good fit. The score of the scale was positively associated with that of the Self-Management Scale of Renal Transplant Recipients (r = 0.532). Cronbach's alpha was 0.959 for the entire scale and 0.956-0.958 for the three subscales. The corrected item-total correlation coefficient ranged from 0.62 to 0.82. CONCLUSION: The 22-item SMSSKTR has sufficient psychometric properties to assess the self-management support they have received, which has not been measured before.

Factors associated with frailty in kidney transplant recipients: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Frailty is prevalent in kidney transplant recipients and associated with multiple health care challenges. The association between frailty and outcomes has been extensively studied in kidney transplant recipients, but the status of frailty and its associated factors are not well studied, hindering efforts to develop strategies to improve care and reduce frailty. OBJECTIVES: To identify the factors that are associated with frailty in kidney transplant recipients comprehensively. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The associated factors of frailty were explored by a cross-sectional study of 185 kidney transplant recipients. MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected using the general information questionnaire, the Charlson comorbidity index, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 75 (40.5%) kidney transplant recipients were assessed as frail by Chinese TFI. Age (ß = 0.228), time post-transplant (ß = 0.055), sleep quality (ß = 0.224) and psychological resilience (ß = -0.038) entered the final multiple regression equation and accounted for 41.8% of the total frailty variation (R2 = 0.418, F = 21.31, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Frailty was common among kidney transplant recipients. Old age, long time after transplantation, poor sleep quality and low psychological resilience were main associated factors for frailty. Integrated care interventions are therefore needed for this vulnerable population to prevent or delay frailty.

Exploration of Adherence to the Immunosuppressive Medication in Kidney Transplant Recipients Based on Theory of Planned Behavior.

To investigate adherence to immunosuppressive medication (IM) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and analyze the associated factors using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Data were collected at Time1 (T1) and 3 months later (T2). T1: the elements of the TPB, past behavior, beliefs about medicines, perceived social support were measured. T2: IM adherence was measured. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the associated factors of medication adherence. A total of 246 KTRs were included. The average IM adherence score of KTRs' was 4.86 (SD = 1.63). Of the recipients, 39.43% had one aspect of non-adherence to IM. The model could explain 28.7% of the variance in adherence to IM (R2 = .287, p = .006). TPB is a useful tool for understanding adherence to IM in KTRs. Caregivers can provide effective interventions during follow-up, which should focus on improving medication beliefs as well as provision of other external support especially from outside.

Evidence-based practice implementation in healthcare in China: a living scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation plays a crucial role in bridging the knowledge-action gaps and reducing health inequities. Little is known about its development in China. This study aims to provide an overview of the EBP implementation research progress in healthcare in China and identify gaps for future studies. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and the Cochrane Collaboration's guidance on living reviews. We performed a literature search in four Chinese databases (i.e., China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, The VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine) and three English databases (i.e., Ovid MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EMBASE), Google scholar, and Baidu scholar from 1996 to 2021. We included EBP implementation studies conducted in healthcare settings in China and were published in Chinese and English literature. The search will be run on a regular basis to monitor the development of new literature and determine when to update the review. FINDINGS: Of the 11,276 records identified, we finally included 309 papers. The publications were on a sharp rise since 2013 and were predominantly from the nursing field (292/309, 94.50%). The commonly researched areas were symptom management (75/309, 24.27%), tube care (46/309, 14.89%), perioperative care (43/309, 13.92%), and fundamental care (43/309, 13.92%). Joanna Briggs Institute model was the most frequently used model to guide the implementation process (92/159, 59.75%). A median number of 8 people often comprised an implementation team, with 113 studies (36.57%) taking a multidisciplinary approach. 204 studies reported utilizing audit criteria to assist evaluation of evidence implementation rate with diversified methods measuring the criteria. Lack of knowledge, skills, and resources, and incomplete procedures or pathways were top barriers impeding EBP implementation. Leadership support was considered the most common facilitator. Education and training were the most frequently described implementation strategies for healthcare professionals and patients. Optimizing workflows and developing evaluation tools were the primary strategies adopted by organizations. 291 studies measured patient outcomes and 174 studies measured healthcare professional outcomes. INTERPRETATION: To our knowledge, this scoping review is the first one to systematically examine the EBP implementation research progress in healthcare in China. Based on this review, we identified contributions that Chinese EBP implementation research made to the global community, and provided eight recommendations for Chinese researchers in conducting implementation studies in the future. FUNDING: None.

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning With Universal Policies for Multistep Robotic Manipulation.

Multistep tasks, such as block stacking or parts (dis)assembly, are complex for autonomous robotic manipulation. A robotic system for such tasks would need to hierarchically combine motion control at a lower level and symbolic planning at a higher level. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods have been shown to handle robotic motion control with better flexibility and generalizability. However, these methods have limited capability to handle such complex tasks involving planning and control with many intermediate steps over a long time horizon. First, current RL systems cannot achieve varied outcomes by planning over intermediate steps (e.g., stacking blocks in different orders). Second, the exploration efficiency of learning multistep tasks is low, especially when rewards are sparse. To address these limitations, we develop a unified hierarchical reinforcement learning framework, named Universal Option Framework (UOF), to enable the agent to learn varied outcomes in multistep tasks. To improve learning efficiency, we train both symbolic planning and kinematic control policies in parallel, aided by two proposed techniques: 1) an auto-adjusting exploration strategy (AAES) at the low level to stabilize the parallel training, and 2) abstract demonstrations at the high level to accelerate convergence. To evaluate its performance, we performed experiments on various multistep block-stacking tasks with blocks of different shapes and combinations and with different degrees of freedom for robot control. The results demonstrate that our method can accomplish multistep manipulation tasks more efficiently and stably, and with significantly less memory consumption.