Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy: Clinical features, molecular basis, and therapeutic approach.

Bortezomib is the first-line standard and most effective chemotherapeutic for multiple myeloma; however, bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) severely affects the chemotherapy regimen and has long-term impact on patients under maintenance therapy. The pathogenesis of BIPN is poorly understood, and basic research and development of BIPN management drugs are in early stages. Besides chemotherapy dose reduction and regimen modification, no recommended prevention and treatment approaches are available for BIPN apart from the International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for peripheral neuropathy in myeloma. An in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of BIPN, development of additional therapeutic approaches, and identification of risk factors are needed. Optimizing effective and standardized BIPN treatment plans and providing more decision-making evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of BIPN are necessary. This article reviews the recent advances in BIPN research; provides an overview of clinical features, underlying molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches; and highlights areas for future studies.

Danggui Sini decoction alleviates oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy by regulating gut microbiota and potentially relieving neuroinflammation related metabolic disorder.

BACKGROUND: Danggui Sini decoction (DSD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has the function of nourishing blood, warming meridians, and unblocking collaterals. Our clinical and animal studies had shown that DSD can effectively protect against oxaliplatin (OXA)-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN), but the detailed mechanisms remain uncertain. Multiple studies have confirmed that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of OIPN. In this study, the potential mechanism of protective effect of DSD against OIPN by regulating gut microbiota was investigated. METHODS: The neuroprotective effects of DSD against OIPN were examined on a rat model of OIPN by determining mechanical allodynia, biological features of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) as well as proinflammatory indicators. Gut microbiota dysbiosis was characterized using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and metabolism disorders were evaluated using untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Moreover the gut microbiota mediated mechanisms were validated by antibiotic intervention and fecal microbiota transplantation. RESULTS: DSD treatment significantly alleviated OIPN symptoms by relieving mechanical allodynia, preserving DRG integrity and reducing proinflammatory indicators lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-6 and TNF-α. Besides, DSD restored OXA induced intestinal barrier disruption, gut microbiota dysbiosis as well as systemic metabolic disorders. Correlation analysis revealed that DSD increased bacterial genera such as Faecalibaculum, Allobaculum, Dubosiella and Rhodospirillales_unclassified were closely associated with neuroinflammation related metabolites, including positively with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0), and negatively with pi-methylimidazoleacetic acid, L-glutamine and homovanillic acid. Meanwhile, antibiotic intervention apparently relieved OIPN symptoms. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation further confirmed the mediated effects of gut microbiota. CONCLUSION: DSD alleviates OIPN by regulating gut microbiota and potentially relieving neuroinflammation related metabolic disorder.

Cucurbitacin IIa promotes the immunogenic cell death­inducing effect of doxorubicin and modulates immune microenvironment in liver cancer.

The immunogenic cell death (ICD) has aroused great interest in cancer immunotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX), which can induce ICD, is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in liver cancer. However, DOX­induced ICD is not potent enough to initiate a satisfactory immune response. Cucurbitacin IIa (CUIIa), a tetracyclic triterpene, is a biologically active compound present in the Cucurbitaceae family. The present study assessed the effects of the combination of DOX and CUIIa on the viability, colony formation, apoptosis and cell cycle of HepG2 cells. In vivo anticancer effect was performed in mice bearing H22 tumor xenografts. The hallmark expression of ICD was tested using immunofluorescence and an ATP assay kit. The immune microenvironment was analyzed using flow cytometry. The combination of CUIIa and DOX displayed potent apoptosis inducing, cell cycle arresting and in vivo anticancer effects, along with attenuated cardiotoxicity in H22 mice. The combination of DOX and CUIIa also facilitated ICD as manifested by elevated high­mobility group box 1, calreticulin and ATP secretion. This combination provoked a stronger immune response in H22 mice, including dendritic cell activation, increment of cytotoxic T cells and T helper 1 cells. Moreover, the proportion of immunosuppressive cells including myeloid­derived suppressor cells, T regulatory cells and M2­polarized macrophages, decreased. These data suggested that CUIIa is a promising combination partner with DOX for liver cancer treatment, probably via triggering ICD and remolding the immune microenvironment.

Efficacy and Safety of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Oxaliplatin is a first-line chemotherapy drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer, but its induced oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) affect the chemotherapy process and quality of life of tumor patients. OIPN is a serious and potentially permanent side effect of cancer treatment. Currently, no unified standard has been established for preventing and treating OIPN in Western medicine. Therefore, it is very important to seek effective prevention and treatment measures. Many clinical trials have reported that Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction can effectively prevent OIPN, but substantial evidence base to support this treatment is lacking. We collected existing literature and evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction for OIPN by performing a meta-analysis. Methods: We systematically searched China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), VIP, Wan Fang Database, Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception through to Oct 2022 to identify only randomized controlled trials examining the prevention of OIPN using Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction. This search was supplemented by manual retrieval, including dissertations and conference papers. All data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 18 papers involving 564 patients in the treatment group and 523 patients in the control group were included. A total of 17 articles reported the overall incidence of peripheral neurotoxicity (I² = 0%), and the overall incidence of peripheral neurotoxicity in the treatment group was 0.27 times higher than in the control group (95% CI: 0.20-0.36). A total of 16 articles reported the incidence of level III-IV severe peripheral neurotoxicity (I² = 0%), which was 0.16 times higher in the treatment group than in the control group (95% CI: 0.09-0.32). In the Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu VS no-interference subgroup, it showed that the incidence of severe peripheral neurotoxicity in the treat group was significantly lower than in the control group (OR:0.13, 95% CI:0.06-0.28). But in the Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu VS west medicine therapy subgroup, no significant difference between Huangqi Quizhi Wuwu and conventional Western medicine was observed for the prevention and treatment of severe OIPN (OR:0.37, 95% CI:0.09-1.53). A total of 2 articles were reported median nerve conduction velocity (I² = 51.2%); and no significant difference was found between the treatment and control groups (SMD: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.80-2.08); 4 studies showed Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction did not increase the incidence of chemotherapy-related adverse reactions and was safe. Conclusions: Our current findings support the application of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction for the clinical prevention and treatment of patients with OIPN. However, high-quality RCT research is still needed to further exploration. The potential impact of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction on the quality of life or treatment compliance of cancer patients needs further research.

Complementary and alternative medicine in relation to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A narrative review.

PURPOSE: To summarizes the available evidence on the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). METHODS: We searched for systematic reviews, and meta-analyzes published up to April 2023 in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases. The latest original research on related topics was also reviewed. The search was restricted to English-language papers. Two independent reviewers performed a quality assessment of the identified literature. RESULTS: The results of 35 systematic reviews and meta-analyzes were included in this study. Preliminary evidence suggests that CAM, including acupuncture, physical activity (PA), herbal and nutritional supplements, mind-body therapies, touch therapy, and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, have shown tremendous potential for the prevention and treatment of CIPN. Of these, there is strong evidence supporting acupuncture, PA, and herbal medicine. However, existing clinical studies are also limited by the heterogeneity of study methods, insufficient sample size, and poor study design. Further studies are needed to validate the efficacy of CAM in patients with CIPN and to elucidate potential therapeutic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Current research has reached a preliminary conclusion suggesting the potential efficacy of certain CAMs in the management of CIPN. Future clinical trials should incorporate more robust study design protocols and larger sample sizes to enhance the validity of findings.

Development and validation of the chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy integrated assessment - oxaliplatin subscale: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Current chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) assessment tools mostly have poor sensitivity and weak anti-interference, so that it is sometimes difficult to provide substantive guidance for clinical intervention. This study aimed to develop an assessment tool dedicated for oxaliplatin to address these limitations. METHODS: This study screened 445 OIPN-related literatures for producing a symptom list, and developed the questionnaire module through expert supplement, item generation, content correlation analysis, pre-testing, and item improvement. The validation phase used a Chinese population-based prospective cohort study from June 2021 to July 2022. Patients were requested to complete the tested questionnaire, QLQ-CIPN20 and the CTCAE grading one day before cycles 2-6 of chemotherapy. Cronbach's α coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated for the internal consistency and stability analysis, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the construct validity. The correlations among the tested questionnaire, QLQ-CIPN20 and CTCAE were compared for the criterion validity analysis. Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test was utilized to compare the sensitivity between the tested questionnaire and QLQ-CIPN20. RESULT: A 20-item CIPN assessment tool named chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy integrated assessment - oxaliplatin subscale (CIPNIA-OS) was developed. The validation phase included 186 patients. Cronbach's α coefficient of CIPNIA-OS was 0.764 (> 0.7), and ICC was 0.997 (between 0.9 and 1). The structure of CIPNIA-OS containing seven factors was examined. The correlation coefficient between CIPNIA-OS and CTCAE was 0.661 (95%CI 0.623 to 0.695), which was significantly higher than that between QLQ-CIPN20 and CTCAE (0.417, 95%CI 0.363 to 0.469, p < 0.01). Besides, the total score of CIPNIA-OS was mostly higher than QLQ-CIPN20, with an average difference of 2.189 (CI 95% 2.056 to 2.322), and the difference gradually expanded with the progress of chemotherapy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study developed an original CIPN questionnaire which was dedicated for OIPN assessment. It was a comprehensive tool that covered acute OIPN symptoms and integrated features from several proven CIPN assessment tools. The validation results supported that CIPNIA-OS had satisfactory reliability, stability, construct, criterion validity, and was more accuracy and sensitive than QLQ-CIPN20 in the evaluation of OIPN.

Sodium alginate combined with oxymatrine ameliorates CCl4-induced chemical hepatic fibrosis in mice.

Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a challenging clinical problem. Both sodium alginate (SA) and oxymatrine (OM) can be used to treat HF; however, the influence of viscosity on the therapeutic efficacy of sodium alginate is currently unknown. This study used a CCl4-induced HF mouse model to screen the specifications and doses of SA and investigate its therapeutic effects on HF in combination with OM. Sodium alginate of different viscosities ameliorated HF in mice, with 232 mPa·s SA delivered at a dose of 100 mg/kg showing remarkable therapeutic effect, characterized by reduced aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase levels, reduced expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and other related genes, and increased abundance of beneficial intestinal probiotics such as Lactococcus and Blautia. The combination treatment further improved other related indices and increased the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Oscillospiraceae. These results suggest that the oral administration of SA may improve HF via the "gut-liver axis" based on the gut microbiota and has potential clinical applications.

Bibliometric analysis of global research on physical activity and sedentary behavior in the context of cancer.

Objective: Numerous studies focusing on sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) in the context of cancer have been reported in recent years. We analyzed and visualized studies on SB and PA in patients with cancer over the last 20 years using scientometric methods, to provide insights on gaps and deficiencies in the literature, and to inform future research guidelines. Methods: All relevant studies in the field from 2001 to October 2022 were reviewed using bibliometric tools, including VOSviewer, Bibliometric online analysis platform, and biblioshiny, to determine the most influential countries, institutions, journals, and authors. We explored current research hotpots and potential research trends, based on keyword clustering and dynamic changes. Our research focuses on PA, SB, and cancer across the entire cancer continuum, from primary prevention to treatment to cancer survivorship. Results: Scientometric analysis identified 4,382 relevant manuscripts on SB and PA in the context of cancer, with a 10-fold increase in articles over the past 20 years. The United States, Canada, and Australia were the most influential countries. The journal, Supportive Care in Cancer, had the highest number of publications, while Clinical Oncology had the highest H-index. K.S. Courneya was the most influential author in this field, with the highest number of publications, total citations, and H-index. Keyword analysis revealed that current research is focused on PA and SB in patients with breast cancer, quality of life, and aerobic exercise. Future frontiers include cancer prehabilitation programs and cardiorespiratory fitness, and remote intervention and social support. Conclusion: By using bibliometrics, we conducted a comprehensive review of SB and PA in cancer-related studies. The current research focused on exercise and sedentariness in breast cancer patients and the role of PA in improving quality of life in survivorship. Emerging research foci were generally around cancer prehabilitation programs and remote intervention issues for PA. In addition, some publication deficits are noted: studies of PA and SB in less common cancers; the recommended doses and intensities of exercise for cancer; the timing of interventions for prehabilitation and the establishment of individualized exercise protocols. These deficiencies align with the needs for future research topics.

Data mining analysis reveals key acupoints and meridians for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore effective acupoints and combinations for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) METHODS: Clinical controlled trials and randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for CIPN were sourced from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese databases, including the Wanfang database, VIP Journals database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. The quality of eligible research was evaluated based on CONSORT and STRICTA statements. The common acupoints, meridians, and acupoint combinations were determined from acupuncture prescriptions reporting positive effects and were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and SPSS Modeler 14.1. Finally, a complex network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.2 to explore the core acupoints. RESULTS: The quality of 24 clinical trials was evaluated, and 20 acupuncture prescriptions that reported positive outcomes were included in subsequent data mining analysis. The most frequently used acupoints are ST36, LI11, LI4, LR3, and SP6. Meanwhile, they are also the core acupoints in acupuncture prescriptions according to the complex network with 28 nodes and 177 edges. The most commonly used meridians were the large intestine, stomach, and spleen. Acupoint combinations of LI11 and ST36, SP6 and ST36 were frequently used. CONCLUSION: Our study provides a reference for the selection of effective acupoints for CIPN treatment and a basis for the effective use of this form of traditional Chinese medicine. Furthermore, we found limitations in the design and implementation of the available clinical research, which should be minimized in future studies.

Ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles with permeation enhancing based chitosan derivatives were encapsulated with doxorubicin by thermosensitive hydrogel and anti-cancer evaluation of peritumoral hydrogel injection combined with PD-L1 antibody.

BACKGROUND: Combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has greatly improved the anticancer effect on multiple malignancies. However, the efficiency on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is limited, since most patients bear "cold" tumors with low tumor immunogenicity. Doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most effective chemotherapy agents, can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and thus initiating immune response. METHODS: In this study, to maximize the ICD effect induced by DOX, chitosan and cell-penetrating peptide (R6F3)-modified nanoparticles (PNPs) loaded with ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) were fabricated using the self-assembly technique, followed by co-encapsulation with DOX based on thermo-sensitive hydrogel. Orthotopic tumor model and contralateral tumor model were established to observe the antitumor efficacy of the thermo-sensitive hydrogel combined with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, besides, the biocompatibility was also evaluated by histopathological. RESULTS: Rg3-PNPs strengthened the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect induced by DOX. Moreover, the hydrogel co-loading Rg3-PNPs and DOX provoked stronger immune response in originally nonimmunogenic 4T1 tumors than DOX monotherapy. Following combination with PD-L1 blocking, substantial antitumor effect was achieved due to the recruitment of memory T cells and the decline of adaptive PD-L1 enrichment. CONCLUSION: The hydrogel encapsulating DOX and highly permeable Rg3-PNPs provided an efficient strategy for remodeling immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and converting immune "cold" 4T1 into "hot" tumors.

A risk scoring system to predict the individual incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing at an alarming rate and further studies are needed to identify risk factors and to develop prevention strategies. METHODS: Risk factors significantly associated with EOCRC were identified using meta-analysis. An individual risk appraisal model was constructed using the Rothman-Keller model. Next, a group of random data sets was generated using the binomial distribution function method, to determine nodes of risk assessment levels and to identify low, medium, and high risk populations. RESULTS: A total of 32,843 EOCRC patients were identified in this study, and nine significant risk factors were identified using meta-analysis, including male sex, Caucasian ethnicity, sedentary lifestyle, inflammatory bowel disease, and high intake of red meat and processed meat. After simulating the risk assessment data of 10,000 subjects, scores of 0 to 0.0018, 0.0018 to 0.0036, and 0.0036 or more were respectively considered as low-, moderate-, and high-risk populations for the EOCRC population based on risk trends from the Rothman-Keller model. CONCLUSION: This model can be used for screening of young adults to predict high risk of EOCRC and will contribute to the primary prevention strategies and the reduction of risk of developing EOCRC.

Preventive Efficacy and Safety of Yiqi-Wenjing-Fang Granules on Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial.

Background. Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is one of the most common side effects of oxaliplatin, which can cause reduction and cessation of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and significantly affect patients' quality of life. However, no drug has got recognition to prevent or treat OIPN. Yiqi-Wenjing-Fang (YWF) is a joint name of Chinese medicine prescriptions with similar effects of tonifying qi and warming meridians, represented by Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HGWD) and Danggui Sini decoction (DSD), both from "Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases." YWF granules, including HGWD granules and DSD granules, have been, respectively, demonstrated to be effective in preventing OIPN in previous small-sample observations. The purpose of this study is to enlarge the sample size for further evaluation of the preventive efficacy and safety of YWF granules on OIPN. Methods and Analysis. This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and multicenter clinical trial. 360 postoperative patients with stage IIa-IIIc colorectal cancer will be randomly assigned into placebo-control group, intervention group I, and intervention group II, taking the mimetic granules of YWF as placebo, HGWD granules and DSD granules, respectively. All subjects will receive oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimen at the same time. EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 will be used to assess the degree of OIPN as the primary outcome measure. The grades of OIPN, quality of life, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and the number of completed chemotherapy cycles are selected as the secondary outcome measures. Discussion. Based on the condition of no recognized effective drugs in preventing OIPN, evidence-based medical study will be conducted for seeking a breakthrough in the field of Chinese herb medicine. This protocol could provide reliable and systemic research basis about the efficacy of YWF granules and the differentiation of two classical prescriptions of YWF on preventing OIPN objectively. Trial Registration. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 26 December 2020 (ID: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04690283).

Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To identify the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Wanfang database, the VIP Journals database (CQVIP), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and the China Biology Medicine database (Sinomed) between January 2010 and January 2021. Articles were included if they investigated CIPN and DM. Stata 15.1 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: We examined 8923 cancer patients from 25 studies comprising 9 cohort studies and 16 case-control studies. Meta-analysis showed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between DM and CIPN (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38-1.85, P < 0.001). Egger's test (P = 0.824) showed no evidence of publication bias. The positive associations did not significant differ by study type, study quality, evaluation instrument, and type of antineoplastic drug. Omission of any single study had little effect on the combined risk estimate. Little evidence of heterogeneity was observed. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis provides evidence of a significant positive association between DM and risk of CIPN. Furthermore, a more detailed evaluation is warranted for cancer patients with diabetes when they are treated with antineoplastic drugs that have the potential to cause peripheral neuropathy.

Human gut-microbiome interplay: Analysis of clinical studies for the emerging roles of diagnostic microbiology in inflammation, oncogenesis and cancer management.

Microorganisms have been known to coexist in various parts of human body including the gut. The interactions between microbes and the surrounding tissues of the host are critical for fine fettle of the gut. The incidence of such microorganisms tends to vary among specific type of cancer affected individuals. Such microbial communities of specific tumor sites in cancer affected individuals could plausibly be used as prognostic and/or diagnostic markers for tumors associated with that specific site. Microorganisms of intestinal and non-intestinal origins including Helicobacter pylori can target several organs, act as carcinogens and promote cancer. It is interesting to note that diets causing inflammation can also increase the cancer risk. Yet, dietary supplementation with prebiotics and probiotics can reduce the incidence of cancer. Therefore, both diet and microbial community of the gut have dual roles of prevention and oncogenesis. Hence, this review intends to summarize certain important details related to gut microbiome and cancer.

A Prognostic Model Based on the Immune-Related lncRNAs in Colorectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a poor prognosis. At present, the pathogenesis is not completely clear. Therefore, finding reliable prognostic indicators for CRC is of important clinical significance. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to screen the prognostic immune-related lncRNAs of CRC, and a prognostic risk scoring model based on immune-related lncRNAs signatures were constructed to provide a basis for prognostic evaluation and immunotherapy of CRC patients. METHODS: The clinical information and RNA-seq data of CRC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The information of immune-related lncRNA was downloaded from the immunology database and analysis portal. The differentially expressed immune-related lncRNAs (IRLs) were screened by the edgeR package of R software. The prognostic value of IRLs was studied. Based on Cox regression analysis, a prognostic index (IRLPI) based on IRLs was established, and the relationship between the risk score and the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC was analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the risk score model as an independent prognostic factor. RESULTS: A total of 240 differentially expressed IRLs were identified between normal colorectal cancer tissues and normal colorectal cancer tissues, in which 8 were significantly associated with the survival of CRC patients (P < 0.05), including LINC00461, LINC01055, ELFN1-AS1, LMO7-AS1, CYP4A22-AS1, AC079612.1, LINC01351, and MIR31HG. And most of the lncRNAs related to survival were risk factors for the prognosis of CRC. The index established based on the 7 survival-related IRLs found to be highly accurate in monitoring CRC prognosis. Besides, IRLPI was significantly correlated with a variety of pathological factors and immune cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: Eight immune-related lncRNAs closely related to the prognosis of CRC patients were identified from the TCGA database. At the same time, an independent IRLPI was constructed, which may be helpful for clinicians to assess the prognosis of patients with CRC and to formulate individualized treatment plans.

Platinum accumulation in oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a common and dose-limiting toxic effect that markedly limits the use of oxaliplatin and affects the quality of life. Although it is common, the underlying mechanisms of OIPN remain ambiguous. Recent studies have shown that the platinum accumulation in peripheral nervous system, especially in dorsal root ganglion, is a significant mechanism of OIPN. Several specific transporters, including organic cation transporters, high-affinity copper uptake protein1 (CTR1), ATPase copper transporting alpha (ATP7A) and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), could be associated with this mechanism. This review summarizes the current research progress about the relationship between platinum accumulation and OIPN, as well as suggests trend for the future research.

Catheter allotopia with totally implantable access port: A report of three cases and literature review.

Early detection and treatment are critical for preventing catheter allotopia in the totally implantable access ports and whenever possible, the right internal jugular vein should be selected as the first puncture point.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is wreaking havoc on public-health and economic systems worldwide. Among the several neurological symptoms of patients with COVID-19 reported in clinical practice, olfactory dysfunction (OD) is the most common. OD occurs as the earliest or the only clinical manifestation in some patients. Increasing research attention has focused on OD, which is listed as one of the main diagnostic symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection. Multiple clinical and basic-science studies on COVID-19-induced OD are underway to clarify the underlying mechanism of action. In this review, we summarize the clinical characteristics, mechanisms, evaluation methods, prognosis, and treatment options of COVID-19-induced OD. In this way, we hope to improve the understanding of COVID-19-induced OD to aid early identification and precise intervention.

Bibliometric Analysis Reveals a 20-Year Research Trend for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

OBJECTIVE: A lot of research has focused on the field of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of CIPN-related publications to identify the key research areas and trends over the last 20 years. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science core collection for publications related to CIPN that were published between January 2001 and September 2021. We then performed bibliometric analysis and visualization using Microsoft Excel 2019, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometric online analysis platform (https://bibliometric.com/). RESULTS: In total, we identified 2,188 eligible publications in the field of CIPN, with an increasing trend in the annual number of publications. The United States and Italy were dominant in the CIPN field. Supportive Care in Cancer was the most productive journal. G. Cavaletti and A.A. Argyriou published the largest number of papers. Of all institutions, the University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy, published the highest number of papers. Analysis of the co-occurrence of keywords revealed the specific characteristics relating to the four main clusters: oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pain management, and quality of life (QOL). Newly emerging research focusses predominantly on neuroinflammatory mechanisms and non-pharmacological interventions for CIPN. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric study reviewed the evolutionary trends in CIPN research and identified current research hotspots and research trends. In addition, we identified journals, institutions, and authors, with the highest levels of impact to enhance the collaboration and learning.

Time Difference of Arrival on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Distinguishing Benign Inflammation From Malignant Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions.

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer are at the highest levels, and the most lesions are located in the lung periphery. Despite extensive screening and diagnosis, the pathologic types of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) are difficult to diagnose by noninvasive examination. This study aimed to identify a novel index-time difference of arrival (TDOA)-to discriminate between benign inflammation and malignant PPLs. METHODS: Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), we retrospectively analyzed 96 patients with PPLs who had undergone biopsy to confirm the pathologic types. All data were collected from Dazhou Central Hospital between December 2012 and July 2019. The parameters of CEUS were analyzed by two assistant chief physicians of ultrasound diagnosis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated to assess the diagnostic ability of different indices. RESULTS: We found that the TDOA significantly distinguished benign inflammation from malignant lesions. The TDOA was markedly increased in patients with malignant lesions than benign inflammation lesions (P < 0.001). Compared with conventional time-intensity curve (TIC) indices, TDOA showed high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve = 0.894). Moreover, conventional diagnostic indices did not affect the diagnostic performance of TDOA by adjusting the receiver operating characteristic curve. CONCLUSION: TDOA is feasible for the diagnosis of benign inflammation and malignant PPLs.