ABSTRACT
Coriandrum sativum L. is well known around the world because of its food and medicine uses. The main bioactive constituents in C. sativum are essential oil, fatty acids, tocol, sterol and carotenoids, their yields and chemical compositions being influenced by genotype, variety, planting season, ecotype, planting condition, growth stage, plant part, harvesting time, extracting process and other factors. Coriander and its different extracts possess varying degrees of antioxidative and antimicrobial activities on account of different active constituents. The general usages, chemical compositions and bioactivities of coriander are summarized in this review, along with safety considerations.
Subject(s)
Coriandrum/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Carotenoids/chemistry , Coriandrum/metabolism , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Fruit/chemistry , Fruit/metabolism , Sterols/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To extract polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita by alpha-amylase and ultrasound. METHOD: The optimum condition of enzyme-assisted extraction has been obtained through orthogonal test according to the yield of polysaccharides. RESULT: A higher yield of polysaccharides was achieved at 55 degrees C, pH 5.5 , with a load of alpha-amylase 10 mg for 1.0 hour, the extraction rate was increased by in compare of sonolysis treatment alone. CONCLUSION: To carry out an enzyme treatment before ultrasound--assisted extraction elevated the yield of polysaccharides.
Subject(s)
Dioscorea/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , alpha-Amylases/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study enzyme treatment, transonic and a combination of the two processes for the extraction of corn stigma polysaccharide. METHODS: Enzyme and ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized respectively through orthogonal test. A combination of the two methods was investigated. RESULTS: The combined method was more efficient than the enzyme treatment and transonic individually. The enzyme-assisted process was in the medium level in compare of the other two. CONCLUSION: The combined method was the most favourable one.
Subject(s)
Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods , Zea mays/chemistry , Cellulase/metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Polysaccharides/analysis , Ultrasonics , WaterABSTRACT
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to observe the effect of acutobin, a purified thrombin-like enzyme (TLE), isolated from the snake venom of Deinagkistrodon acutus, on MRI-detected brain lesion volume and tissue perfusion deficit in a hyperglycemic rat right middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model. Acutobin (0.75 U/ml) was intravenously injected with a dosage of 2.5 U/kg body weight 30 min after MCAO (MCAO duration=60 min) and again 24 h after reperfusion. Multislice diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and single-slice dynamic bolus tracking gradient echo (GE) imaging were sequentially acquired before and after MCAO/R. DWI-detected lesion volume was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 24-31% from 350+/-45, 369+/-45 and 374+/-36 mm(3) in the saline-treated group to 239+/-17, 282+/-26 and 259+/-32 mm(3) at 3, 4 and 24 h after reperfusion in the acutobin-treated group, respectively. Residual cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the right hemisphere recovered and remained at approximately 80% of normal perfusion over the measurement period in the acutobin-treated group, compared to approximately 40% in the saline-treated group. Mortality at 1 week after MCAO/R in the acutobin-treated group was significantly lower (25% mortality) than the saline control group (85% mortality). Our results indicate that acutobin improves brain tissue perfusion and reduces infarct volume and mortality in the hyperglycemic rat MCAO/R model.
