ABSTRACT
This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) during 2008-14 in Wenzhou, China. The epidemiological data of HFMD retrieved from the Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention were retrospectively analyzed. HFMD infections with enterovirus 71 (EV71), Cox A16 or other pathogens were further verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. A total of 213 617 cases of HFMD were reported between 2008 and 2014 in Wenzhou. The average incidence was 384.31 of 100 000, and the fatality rate was 0.14. The incidence of HFMD peaked between April and July, and it occurred more frequently in males than in females. Approximately 92.68% of the HFMD patients were children aged <5 years. Nearly 80% of the cases were diagnosed within 2 days after onset. The major HFMD pathogen was EV71. This study suggested that appropriate comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to avoid the spread of HFMD.
Subject(s)
Coxsackievirus Infections/diagnosis , Enterovirus A, Human/isolation & purification , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Coxsackievirus Infections/epidemiology , Enterovirus A, Human/genetics , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/diagnosis , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Population Density , RNA, Viral/genetics , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
A total of 258 malaria cases with 2 deaths were reported during 2007-2014, including 148 vivax malaria cases, 106 falciparum malaria cases, and 4 ovale malaria cases. During 2007-2009, 86.0% (135/157) were vivax malaria cases with 3 indigenous cases. In 2010-2014, the proportion of falciparum malaria is increasing year by year, and all were imported cases. 98.8% were imported from Africa and other provinces in China. Most cases occurred among patients aged 20-49 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 3.16:1. Most patients were workers and commercial service personnel. The malaria epidemic situation is relatively stable in Wenzhou. Malaria control and elimination interventions should emphasize the monitoring and education of transient population to control the imported cases, and explore multi-sector coordination for malaria prevention and control.
Subject(s)
Malaria , Adult , China , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To understand the characteristics of malaria prevalence in Wenzhou City in 2013, so as to provide the evidence for improving the elimination program of malaria. METHODS: The epidemiological data of malaria in Wenzhou City in 2013 were collected from the Chinese information system for disease control and prevention, and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological methods for epidemiological characteristics of malaria. RESULTS: Totally 34 imported malaria cases were reported in Wenzhou City in 2013 with the incidence of 0.37 per 100,000 people. Plasmodiumfalciparum, P. ovale and P. vivax were identified in 31, 1 and 2 cases, respectively. No death cases were reported, and 64.71% (22/34) of the cases were reported in Cangnan County, Lucheng District and Rui' an City. The malaria cases were mostly concentrated in persons aged 20-49 years with male to female sex ratio at 4.67: 1, and the predominant portion of cases were workers and commercial service personnel. Totally 97.06% of the cases were imported from Africa. CONCLUSIONS: The malaria endemic situation is relatively stable and no local malaria cases are reported in Wenzhou City in 2013. In order to achieve the goal of malaria elimination, the management and education of the transient population should be strengthened.
Subject(s)
Malaria/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , China/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Malaria/prevention & control , Male , Middle Aged , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of local transmission of Dengue caused by introduced cases with semi-quantitative method in 2015 in Zhejiang Province. METHODS: Risk indexes of local transmission of Dengue caused by introduced cases were reviewed. The weights of indexes were computed by analytic hierarchy process and further used to generate absolute risk values by multiplying indexes. Moreover, comprehensive indexes were computed to describe relative risk by combining analytic hierarchy process and TOPSIS methods. RESULTS: Four primary indexes and 19 secondary indexes were identified for risk assessment of local transmission of Dengue. The indexes with maximum and minimum weight were the number of immigration from countries with Dengue patients (weight value: 0.0678) and density of population (weight value: 0.0371) respectively. All CR values, statistics for measuring consistency of score matrix, were less than 0.1 (minimum: 0.000, maximum: 0.0922, average: 0.0251). The absolute risk of Zhejiang Province was within the range of 0.397-0.504 (the full score was 1.0). The risk orders of 11 municipalities sorted by relative comprehensive indexes and absolute risk values methods were similar. The three highest municipalities were Hangzhou, Wenzhou and Ningbo and the ranges of absolute risk value were 0.387-0.494, 0.404-0.511 and 0.392-0.499 respectively. CONCLUSION: The results provides scientific basis for preventing and controlling Dengue in Zhejiang Province. The indexes and weights may be used to assess risk of Dengue in future. In addition, the semi-quantitative method constructed in this study would be a significant reference for risk assessment of public health in emergencies.
