Low levels of organic compound trace elements improve the eggshell quality, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and mineral deposition of aged laying hens.

In the egg production industry, trace elements are required as additional dietary supplements to play vital roles in performance and egg quality. Compared to inorganic microelements (ITs), appropriate dose of organic trace microelements (OTs) are environmentally friendly and sufficient to satisfy the needs of hens. In order to evaluate the extent to which low-dose OTs replace whole ITs, the effects of organic copper, zinc, manganese, and iron compound on the performance, eggshell quality, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and mineral deposition of old laying hens were investigated. A total of 1 080 57-week-old Jing Hong laying hens were assigned to five groups with six replicates of 36 layers each for an 8-week experimental period. The birds were fed either a basal diet (control treatment (CT)) or the basal diet supplemented with commercial levels of inorganic trace elements (IT 100%) or the equivalent organic trace elements at 20%, 30%, and 50% of the inorganic elements (OT 20%, OT 30%, and OT 50%, respectively). Results showed that compared with those in the CT treatment, feeding hens with inorganic or organic microelement diet had significant effects on the eggshell quality, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and mineral deposition of old laying hens (P < 0.05). The eggshell strength and ratio between OT 30%, OT 50%, and IT 100% were similar at weeks 4 and 8, and the eggshell thickness of these groups was also similar at weeks 6 and 8. At week 8, the eggshell colour in OT 50% was darker than that in IT 100%. The mineral content in the eggshells of OT 50% and IT 100% significantly increased (P < 0.001), with no significant difference in effective thickness, mammillary thickness, and mammillary knob width between groups. There were no differences in the malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant capacity, and total superoxide dismutase activity in serum between OT 30%, OT 50%, and IT100%. While the catalase activities, the interleukin-1ß, interleukin-10, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M concentrations in serum were not significantly different between OT 50% and IT 100%. The mineral contents in the faeces of the organic groups were considerably reduced compared with those in IT 100% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 30-50% organic compound microelements has the potential to replace 100% inorganic microelements in the hen industry for improving eggshell quality, mineral deposition in the eggshell, antioxidant capacity, and immune function, and reducing emissions to the environment without negative effects on laying performance.

MSCs reduce airway remodeling in the lungs of asthmatic rats through the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Asthma is a chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease characterized by excessive infiltration of leukocytes into the respiratory tract. We explored the underlying mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of allergic asthma using a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and an aluminium hydroxide emulsion, which were injected intraperitoneally, and then the sensitized rats were challenged with aerosolized OVA. Before the allergen challenge, the model rats were injected with MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes. At the same time, 2 out of the 6 groups of rats were injected with BML-284, a Wnt agonist. The degree of airway inflammation was determined by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; the degree of airway remodelling was assessed by Masson staining; Western blotting (WB) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to evaluate Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway-related factors and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in lung tissues. RESULTS: We showed that among the rats that were sensitized and challenged with OVA, the injection of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes significantly reduced the total number of cells and the number of immune cells in BALF, proliferation of goblet cells and collagen deposition. Moreover, the number of BALF cells and collagen deposition increased significantly after the injection of BML-284. WB and real-time PCR showed that MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes significantly inhibited airway remodelling and EMT by restricting the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway, while additional injection of BML-284 suppressed the effects of MSCs and their exosomes, increased the EMT of the airway epithelium and exacerbated airway remodelling. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs inhibit chronic allergic inflammation of the airway and reduce airway remodelling and EMT of the airway epithelium in the lungs of asthmatic rats. This process is partly attributed to the inhibition of the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway by MSC-derived exosomes.

GBP1 promotes non-small cell lung carcinoma malignancy and chemoresistance via activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "GBP1 promotes non-small cell lung carcinoma malignancy and chemoresistance via activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, by J. Song, Q.-Y. Wei, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24 (10): 5465-5472-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202005_21331-PMID: 32495881" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/21331.

GBP1 promotes non-small cell lung carcinoma malignancy and chemoresistance via activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most ordinary cancers worldwide. Recent studies have discovered many oncogenes play vital roles in the tumorigenesis of malignant tumors. The purpose of our study was to uncover the role of GBP1 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: GBP1 expression in NSCLC samples was detected by Real Time quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Function assays were performed in NSCLC cells transfected with GBP1 shRNA. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and Western blot assay were conducted to explore the target signaling pathway of GBP1. RESULTS: GBP1 expression was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissue samples compared with adjacent normal tissues. Function assays showed that the proliferation of NSCLC cells was significantly inhibited via knockdown of GBP1, while cell apoptosis was promoted. Resistance to paclitaxel was reversed after GBP1 knockdown in paclitaxel resistance A549 cells (A549/Taxol). In addition, Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway was repressed via knockdown of GBP1 in NSCLC cells and A549/Taxol cells. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, GBP1 was firstly identified as a novel oncogene in NSCLC. Furthermore, it could promote NSCLC development and paclitaxel resistance by inducing Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

[Carcinogenicity study of CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells and identification of related microRNAs].

Objective: To compare the carcinogenic abilities of CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells and general laryngeal cancer stem cells and to identify the mechanism underlying the action of miRNAs. Methods: Solid tumor-derived laryngeal carcinoma stem cells and Hep-2-derived laryngeal carcinoma stem cells were cultured, and CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells were sorted by flow cytometry. Boden chamber invasion assay, cell migration assay and tumor formation assay were then performed to compare the invasion, migration and tumorigenic abilities of CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells and general laryngeal cancer stem cells. And then, miRNAs isolated from two laryngeal cancer stem cells were detected and analysed with miRNA chip. Results: (1)In Boyden chamber invasion assay, the cell invasion rate of CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells was obviously higher (80.2%±2.3% vs. 63.9%±3.2%, t=5.011, P=0.027); (2)CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells also had higher mobility in cell migration assay (82.9%±1.1% vs. 70.9%±0.6%, t=4.514, P=0.031); (3)In tumor formation assay, the tumor formation rate of CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells was also higher (80% vs. 50%). What's more, we identified 15 miRNAs that were significantly upregulated in CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells and 3 miRNAs that were significantly downregulated in CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells, compared with normal laryngeal cancer stem cells. Conclusions: CD133(+)CD44(+) laryngeal cancer stem cells have stronger invasion, migration and tumorigenic abilities compared with normal laryngeal cancer stem cells, and the difference of miRNAs' expression is one of the possible causes.