PRR11 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with immune infiltrates in bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Abnormal proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11) expression is associated with various tumors. However, there are few reports concerning PRR11 with prognostic risk, immune infiltration, or immunotherapy of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). This study is based on online databases, such as Oncomine, GEPIA, HPA, LinkedOmics, TIMER, ESTIMATE and TISIDB, and BLCA data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus, we employed an array of bioinformatics methods to explore the potential oncogenic roles of PRR11, including analyzing the relationship between PRR11 and prognosis, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability, and immune cell infiltration in BLCA. The results depict that PRR11 is highly expressed in BLCA, and BLCA patients with higher PRR11 expression have worse outcomes. In addition, there was a significant correlation between PRR11 expression and TMB and tumor immune infiltration. These findings suggest that PRR11 can be used as a potential marker for BLCA patient assessment and risk stratification to improve clinical prognosis, and its potential regulatory mechanism in the BLCA tumor microenvironment and targeted therapy is worthy of further investigation.

Biomass-based Hierarchical Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors: Effect of Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes on the Electrochemical Performance.

Biomass-based hierarchical porous carbon (SCPC) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in electric double layer capacitors, prepared by carbonization and activation of straw cellulose. To investigate the potential applications of SCPC in supercapacitors, the effect of aqueous and organic electrolytes on the electrochemical performance of SCPC was studied in detail. In H2 SO4 , the SCPC electrode exhibits higher specific capacitance (358 F g-1 ) and outstanding cycling stability with 95.6 % capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles. The SCPC electrode shows superior rate capability with 90.7 % capacitance retention in KOH, and higher energy density of 17.9 Wh kg-1 in Na2 SO4 . The SCPC electrode exhibits ideal capacitance characteristics, superior rate capability with capacitance retention of 95.8 %, and high energy density of 36.0 Wh kg-1 in tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/propylene carbonate (Et4 NBF4 /PC). The significant difference of capacitive performance of SCPC electrode in various electrolytes is mainly attributed to the difference in the electrolyte ion size, ionic conductivity, matching between the electrolyte ions and pore structure, and matching between anions and cations adsorbed on the positive and negative electrodes. This work not only establishes the relationship between the structure of SCPC and its electrochemical performance in different electrolytes, but also provides a reference for the high value-added utilization of SCPC.

Self-Templating Synthesis of 3D Hollow Tubular Porous Carbon Derived from Straw Cellulose Waste with Excellent Performance for Supercapacitors.

A three-dimensional hollow tubular porous carbon (SCPC) was prepared from straw cellulose waste through a self-templating method combined with NaOH activation. Straw cellulose acts both as carbon source and structural template. The obtained SCPC exhibits a 3D hierarchical porous network structure. SCPC has a high specific surface area, a high mesoporosity ratio, and a low resistivity, which make it display excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. SCPC showed a high specific capacitance of 312.57 F g-1 in 6 m KOH at 0.5 A g-1 , an excellent rate performance of 281.32 F g-1 even at 15 A g-1 , and an outstanding cyclic stability of 92.93 % capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles at 1 A g-1 . SCPC-based supercapacitors can deliver an energy density of 8.67 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 3.50 kW kg-1 in 6 m KOH and an energy density of 28.56 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 14.09 kW kg-1 in 1 m Et4 NBF4 /PC, which demonstrates the possibility of applying SCPC in supercapacitors. This research not only offers a facile and sustainable method for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon for electrochemical energy storage devices but also provides a highly efficient method for the utilization of biomass waste.

Decreased left middle temporal gyrus volume in antipsychotic drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients and their healthy unaffected siblings.

BACKGROUND: The shared neuropathological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and their siblings might represent intermediate phenotypes that could be used to investigate genetic susceptibility to the illness. We sought to discover gray matter volume differences in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings with voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS: We recruited antipsychotic drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, their unaffected siblings and age-, sex- and handedness-matched healthy controls. We used VBM to investigate differences in gray matter volume among the 3 groups. RESULTS: There were significant gray matter volumetric differences among the 3 groups in bilateral hippocampal and parahippocampal gyri, bilateral middle temporal gyri, and superior temporal gyri (FDR p<0.05). Patients had significant regional gray matter reduction in all regions listed above compared with healthy volunteers, and their gray matter volume in the right hippocampus and parahippocampus was also lower than the sibling group. The sibling group had significantly lower volumes compared to healthy individuals only in the left middle temporal gyrus, and volume of this region was not different between siblings and patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm and extend previous VBM analyses in schizophrenia and it indicate that schizophrenia may be characterized by an abnormal development of cerebral lateralization. Furthermore, these data argue that patients and their unaffected siblings might share decreases in the gray matter volume of the left middle temporal gyrus, and this regional reduction might be a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia.

Association analysis of ZNF804A (zinc finger protein 804A) rs1344706 with therapeutic response to atypical antipsychotics in first-episode Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

`The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1344706 located in the ZNF804A zinc finger protein 804A gene is a well-established genome-wide significant variant for schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between this ZNF804A polymorphism and treatment response to atypical antipsychotic. Seventy-one first-episode inpatients with schizophrenia receiving olanzapine, aripiprazole, or quetiapine monotherapy were enrolled. Symptom response to treatment was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) on admission and reassessed after 4 weeks of treatment. Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1344706 was genotyped by direct sequencing. There was substantial difference in treatment response among patients with 3 different genotypes regarding total PANSS score and positive subscore (for total PANSS score, F = 4.608, df = 2, P = .013; for positive subscore, F = 4.183, df = 2, P = .019). Compared with G homozygotes, T carriers showed significantly less improvement in total PANSS score as well as positive subscore (for total PANSS score, F = 8.724, df = 1, P = .004; for positive subscore, F = 9.392, df = 1, P = .005). Our results suggest that ZNF80A rs1344706 polymorphism may play a role in treatment response to atypical antipsychotic, although replication is required to confirm this finding.