First-degree family history of breast cancer is associated with prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between first-degree family history of female breast cancer and prostate cancer risk in the general population remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the association between first-degree family history of female breast cancer and prostate cancer risk. METHODS: Databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science, were searched for all associated studies that evaluated associations between first-degree family history of female breast cancer and prostate cancer risk up to December 31, 2018. Information on study characteristics and outcomes were extracted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Eighteen studies involving 17,004,892 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with no family history of female breast cancer, history of female breast cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer [relative risk (RR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.25] with moderate-quality evidence. A history of breast cancer in mothers only (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.28) and sisters only (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.43-2.04) was associated with increased prostate cancer risk with moderate-quality evidence. However, a family history of breast cancer in daughters only was not associated with prostate cancer incidence (RR 1.74, 95% CI 0.74-4.12) with moderate-quality evidence. A family history of female breast cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with an 18% increased risk of lethal prostate cancer (95% CI 1.04-1.34) with low-quality evidence. CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates that men with a family history of female breast cancer in first-degree relatives had an increased risk of prostate cancer, including risk of lethal prostate cancer. These findings may guide screening, earlier detection, and treatment of men with a family history of female breast cancer in first-degree relatives.

A novel combined systemic inflammation-based score can predict survival of intermediate-to-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization.

BACKGROUND: There is currently limited information regarding the prognostic ability of the dNLR-PNI (the combination of the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [dNLR] and prognostic nutritional index [PNI]) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to assess the predictive ability of the dNLR-PNI in patients with intermediate-to-advanced HCC after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: A total of 761 HCC patients were enrolled in the study. The dNLR-PNI was retrospectively calculated in these patients, as follows: patients with both an elevated dNLR and a decreased PNI, as determined using the cutoffs obtained from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, were allocated a score of 2, while patients showing one or neither of these alterations were allocated a score of 1 or 0, respectively. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 562 patients died. Multivariate analysis suggested that elevated total bilirubin, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C stage, repeated TACE, and dNLR-PNI were independently associated with unsatisfactory overall survival. The median survival times of patients with a dNLR-PNI of 0, 1, and 2 were 31.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.5-39.5), 16.0 (95% CI 12.2-19.7) and 6.0 (95% CI 4.8-7.2) months, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The dNLR-PNI can predict the survival outcomes of intermediate-to-advanced HCC patients undergoing TACE, and should be further evaluated as a prognostic marker for who are to undergo TACE treatment.

Overexpression of miR-96 promotes cell proliferation by targeting FOXF2 in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are demonstrated to be involved in prostate cancer development and progression. Recently, miR-96 was identified to play a tumor promoting role in several tumors including PC, however, the underlying function of miR-96 in PC still need to be known. In the study, our results demonstrated that miR-96 was higher in prostate cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Higher miR-96 was association with higher PSA level, lymph node metastasis, pathologic stage and distant metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Lose-of-function studies showed that down-regulated expression of miR-96 inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle by regulating down-regulating CyclinA1, CDK2 and CDK4 expression in PC cells. Furthermore, we found that FOXF2 was a target of miR-96 in PC cells and miR-96 promoted cell proliferation by suppressing FOXF2 expression. Thus, these results showed that inhibition of miR-96 may be a target for prostate cancer treatment.

Statin use and mortality of patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of statin use on the mortality of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: An electronic search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases from inception to August 2015 was performed to find eligible studies. Articles investigating the association between statin use and mortality of PCa were identified. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects models. RESULTS: In total, 13 studies that enrolled 100,536 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed that prediagnostic statin use had a significantly lower risk of both all-cause mortality (ACM; HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38-0.83) and PCa-specific mortality (PCSM; HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36-0.77). Similarly, postdiagnostic statin use was correlated with reductions in both ACM (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69-0.87) and PCSM (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.79). When stratified by primary treatment, postdiagnostic use of statins had a 0.4-fold lower risk of ACM in patients with PCa who were treated with local therapy; both pre- and postdiagnostic use of statins was correlated with a significantly lower risk of PCSM in patients who were treated with androgen deprivation therapy. CONCLUSION: Both pre- and postdiagnostic use of statins is associated with better overall survival and PCa-specific survival. This suggests a need for randomized controlled trials of statins in patients with PCa.

[Diagnostic Value of Cystain C in Contrast Associated Acute Kidney Injury after Transcatheter Closure for Children with Congenital Heart Disease].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the diagnostic value of cystain C (SCys-C) in contrast associated acute kidney injury (AKI) after transcatheter closure for children with congenital heart disease. METHODS: There were 128 children with congenital heart disease (interventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus) underwent transcatheter closure in West China Second University Hospital during 2013. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr) and SCys-C were examined before surgery and at 24 and 48 h after surgery. The incidence of AKI was calculated. The children were divided into two groups according to glomerular filtration rate: AKI group (renal function stage 1, renal function stage 2 subgroups) and non-AKI group. Differences in renal function indexes and SCys-C were compared between AKI group ( n=16) and non-AKI group ( n=112), renal function stage 1 and stage 2 subgroups. ROC curve analysis was used to calculate the cut-off value of SCys-C in the diagnosis of AKI . RESULTS: The levels of SCr and SCys-C in AKI group were significantly higher than those in non-AKI group ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in BUN between the two groups ( P>0.05). Only SCys-C had a significant difference between renal function stage 1 and stage 2 subgroups ( P<0.05). The cut-off value of 24 h SCys-C in the diagnosis of AKI was 1.055 mg/L according to area under curve (AUC). AUC indicated that AKI could be diagnosed earlier with SCys-C than SCr ( P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The contrast agent could increase the risk of child AKI after transcatheter closure for congenital disease children.SCys-C is an important index for this risk with its cut-off value of 1.055 mg/L at 24 h post-surgery.

Perineural invasion is an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after local treatment: a meta-analysis.

Controversy still existed regarding the role of perineural invasion (PNI) in prostate cancer. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between PNI and biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer after local treatment. A systematic search of Medline, Embase and CENTRAL was performed for eligible studies. Pooled estimates of hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were acquired by using the generic inverse variance method. Subgroup analyses were performed by the method treating prostate cancer including radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy (RT) as well as the specimens which were acquired from RP and biopsy. A total of 12 studies incorporating 5188 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, PNI was significantly associated with BCR (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.37-1.84). Similarly, a significant correlation between PNI and BCR was also found in RP series (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25-1.83) and RT series (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.35-2.13). PNI predicted BCR of prostate cancer in both RP (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.23-1.85) and biopsy specimens (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.36-2.09). PNI was demonstrated to be associated with higher risk for BCR of prostate cancer after local treatment. Therefore, PNI should be considered when assessing the risk of BCR in prostate cancer, thereby to achieve the best treatment.

Simultaneous ureteroscopic lithotripsy and contralateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy for ureteral calculi combined with renal staghorn calculi.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of simultaneous ureteroscopic lithotripsy and contralateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy for ureteral calculi combined with contralateral renal staghorn calculi. METHODS: The present prospective controlled trial had been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR-ONRC-13004146). Patients with ureteral calculi and contralateral renal staghorn calculi were enrolled into the staged (ureteroscopic lithotripsy first followed by a staged percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or the simultaneous (synchronous ureteroscopic lithotripsy and contralateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy) treatment group according to the odd or even number of the last hospitalization number. All patients signed informed consent. The primary outcomes were the stone-free rate and total hospital costs. The second outcomes were the operative and anesthesia times, the complication rate, and hospital stay. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients were enrolled into the staged group and 52 patients were enrolled into the simultaneous group. There were no statistically significant differences in patients' characteristics. The overall stone-free rate was 94.1% in the staged group and 92.3% in the simultaneous group. No severe complication was observed. The total hospital stay of the staged group was longer, and it was negatively correlated to different procedures. The cost in the staged group was higher, and it was correlated with total operation time and postoperative hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous ureteroscopic lithotripsy and contralateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy represent safe and effective procedures, and they can be considered as a first-line treatment for selected patients presenting with ureteral calculi combined with contralateral renal calculi.

The results of transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review was performed to compare the efficacy and complications of transperineal (TP) vs. transrectal (TR) prostate biopsy. A systematic research of PUBMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify all clinical controlled trials on prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate and complications achieved by TP and TR biopsies. Prostate biopsies included sextant, extensive and saturation biopsy procedures. All patients were assigned to a TR group and a TP group. Subgroup analysis was performed according to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.1 software was used for the meta-analysis. A total of seven trials, including three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four case-control studies (CCS), met our inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in the cancer detection rate between the sextant TR and TP groups (risk difference (RD), -0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.08-0.03; P=0.34). Meta-analysis for RCTs combined with CCS showed that there was no difference in the cancer detection rate between the extensive TR and TP group (RD, -0.01; 95% CI, -0.05-0.04; P=0.81). There was no significant difference in PCa detection rate between the saturation TR and TP approaches (31.4% vs. 25.7%, respectively; P=0.3). There were also no significant differences in cancer detection between the TR and TP groups in each subgroup. Although the data on complications were not pooled for the meta-analysis, no significant difference was found when comparing TR and TP studies. TR and TP biopsies were equivalent in terms of efficiency and related complications. TP prostate biopsy should be an available and alternative procedure for use by urologists.