Locality-Based Cache Management and Warp Scheduling for Reducing Cache Contention in GPU.

GPGPUs has gradually become a mainstream acceleration component in high-performance computing. The long latency of memory operations is the bottleneck of GPU performance. In the GPU, multiple threads are divided into one warp for scheduling and execution. The L1 data caches have little capacity, while multiple warps share one small cache. That makes the cache suffer a large amount of cache contention and pipeline stall. We propose Locality-Based Cache Management (LCM), combined with the Locality-Based Warp Scheduling (LWS), to reduce cache contention and improve GPU performance. Each load instruction can be divided into three types according to locality: only used once as streaming data locality, accessed multiple times in the same warp as intra-warp locality, and accessed in different warps as inter-warp data locality. According to the locality of the load instruction, LWS applies cache bypass to the streaming locality request to improve the cache utilization rate, extend inter-warp memory request coalescing to make full use of the inter-warp locality, and combine with the LWS to alleviate cache contention. LCM and LWS can effectively improve cache performance, thereby improving overall GPU performance. Through experimental evaluation, our LCM and LWS can obtain an average performance improvement of 26% over baseline GPU.

Mitotic Implantation of the Transcription Factor Prospero via Phase Separation Drives Terminal Neuronal Differentiation.

Compacted heterochromatin blocks are prevalent in differentiated cells and present a barrier to cellular reprogramming. It remains obscure how heterochromatin remodeling is orchestrated during cell differentiation. Here we find that the evolutionarily conserved homeodomain transcription factor Prospero (Pros)/Prox1 ensures neuronal differentiation by driving heterochromatin domain condensation and expansion. Intriguingly, in mitotically dividing Drosophila neural precursors, Pros is retained at H3K9me3+ pericentromeric heterochromatin regions of chromosomes via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). During mitotic exit of neural precursors, mitotically retained Pros recruits and concentrates heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) into phase-separated condensates and drives heterochromatin compaction. This establishes a transcriptionally repressive chromatin environment that guarantees cell-cycle exit and terminal neuronal differentiation. Importantly, mammalian Prox1 employs a similar "mitotic-implantation-ensured heterochromatin condensation" strategy to reinforce neuronal differentiation. Together, our results unveiled a new paradigm whereby mitotic implantation of a transcription factor via LLPS remodels H3K9me3+ heterochromatin and drives timely and irreversible terminal differentiation.

Sub-subgenotype 2.1c isolates of classical swine fever virus are dominant in Guangdong province of China, 2018.

Classical swine fever (CSF) continues to be a devastating infectious disease for the swine industry in China and commonly exists as wild or atypical types. From June 3rd to October 3rd, 2018, outbreaks of typical CSF cases with mortality rates of 42-86% occurred in 11 swine herds in five cities of Guangdong province, and were confirmed by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nucleotide sequences of full-length E2 genes showed that the CSFV isolates collected in Guangdong, 2018 grouped into sub-subgenotype 2.1c and formed a separate clade from previously identified 2.1c isolates. Sequence comparison further confirmed the distance between the novel emergent and previously identified 2.1c isolates, with shared 94.5-98.2% and 97.8-99.7% identities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels respectively. Furthermore, 2.1c isolates collected in 2018 from Guangdong province contained a unique amino acid substitution (K174R) in the E2 protein in comparison with other 2.1c representative strains and CSFV 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 strains. Of note, the novel emergent 2.1c isolates are neutralized by sera from C-strain vaccinated sows, indicating that C-strain is still efficacious for protection against field isolates of CSFV.

[Role of prone position mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome originating from pulmonary disease and extra-pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of mechanical ventilation on prone position for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) originating from pulmonary disease and extra-pulmonary disease. METHODS: From January 2001 to February 2004 in intensive care unit (ICU), 42 patients with ARDS were divided into pulmonary disease group and extra-pulmonary disease group. All the patients were mechanically ventilated on prone position. Arterial blood gases, respiratory rate (RR), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)), pulmonary compliance (C), tidal volume (V(T)), airway resistance (Raw) were measured before prone position and 2 hours and 4 hours after prone position. Lung-CT was measured in supine position and prone position. RESULTS: When patients were turned to prone position, SaO(2) and RR were decreased markedly in two groups. V(T) was increased in extra-pulmonary disease groups compared with pulmonary disease group at the same time. Oxygen index, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and Raw were increased markedly when patients were turned to prone position, and oxygen index of pulmonary disease group was higher than that of extra-pulmonary disease group at the same time. No change was found in blood pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery (PaCO(2)), but oxygenation was improved markedly in two groups. The effective rate of improved oxygenation was 65% in pulmonary disease group and 68% in extrapulmonary disease group, but no significant difference was found. Lung CT revealed that when the patients were in prone position, the degree of lung infiltration in the dorsal part of lung decreased while that in the ventral part increased. CONCLUSION: Oxygenation is improved markedly in prone position in two groups. Mechanical ventilation on prone position was an effective method in the treatment of ARDS patients.