Reversed Charge Transfer and Enhanced Hydrogen Spillover in Platinum Nanoclusters Anchored on Titanium Oxide with Rich Oxygen Vacancies Boost Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The catalytic activity of metal clusters is closely related with the support; however, knowledge on the influence of the support on the catalytic activity is scarce. We demonstrate that Pt nanoclusters (NCs) anchored on porous TiO2 nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies (VO -rich Pt/TiO2 ) and deficient oxygen vacancies (VO -deficient Pt/TiO2 ), display significantly different catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), in which VO -rich Pt/TiO2 shows a mass activity of 45.28 A mgPt -1 at -0.1 V vs. RHE, which is 16.7 and 58.8 times higher than those of VO -deficient Pt/TiO2 and commercial Pt/C, respectively. DFT calculations and in situ Raman spectra suggest that porous TiO2 with rich oxygen vacancies can simultaneously achieve reversed charge transfer (electrons transfer from TiO2 to Pt NCs) and enhanced hydrogen spillover from Pt NCs to the TiO2 support, which leads to electron-rich Pt NCs being amenable to proton reduction of absorbed H*, as well as the acceleration of hydrogen desorption at Pt catalytic sites-both promoting the HER. Our work provides a new strategy for rational design of highly efficient HER catalysts.

Decorating graphdiyne on ultrathin bismuth subcarbonate nanosheets to promote CO2 electroreduction to formate.

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 is one of the most attractive approaches for converting CO2 into valuable chemical feedstocks and fuels. This work reports a catalyst comprising graphdiyne-decorated bismuth subcarbonate (denoted as BOC@GDY) for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to formate. The BOC@GDY shows a stable current density of 200 mA cm-2 at -1.1 V in a flow cell configuration, with a faradaic efficiency of 93.5% for formate. Experimental results show that the synergistic effect in BOC@GDY is beneficial for the CO2 adsorption affinity, the reaction kinetics and the selectivity for formate. In addition, in-situ X-ray absorption and Raman spectroscopy indicate that the electron-rich GDY could facilitate the reduction from Bi(III) to Bi(0), thus leading to more active sites. We also demonstrate that the promoting effect of GDY in CO2 electroreduction can be further extended to other metal catalysts. To the best of our knowledge, such general promoting functions of GDY for CO2 electroreduction have not been documented thus far.

Integrated Droplet-Based Microextraction with ESI-MS for Removal of Matrix Interference in Single-Cell Analysis.

Integrating droplet-based microfluidics with mass spectrometry is essential to high-throughput and multiple analysis of single cells. Nevertheless, matrix effects such as the interference of culture medium and intracellular components influence the sensitivity and the accuracy of results in single-cell analysis. To resolve this problem, we developed a method that integrated droplet-based microextraction with single-cell mass spectrometry. Specific extraction solvent was used to selectively obtain intracellular components of interest and remove interference of other components. Using this method, UDP-Glc-NAc, GSH, GSSG, AMP, ADP and ATP were successfully detected in single MCF-7 cells. We also applied the method to study the change of unicellular metabolites in the biological process of dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation. The method could not only realize matrix-free, selective and sensitive detection of metabolites in single cells, but also have the capability for reliable and high-throughput single-cell analysis.

[The antiviral treatment impacts on clinical outcomes of renal transplantation recipients with hepatitis B virus infection].

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE; To investigate the clinic outcomes and the efficacy of antiviral treatment in renal transplantation recipients with hepatitis B viral serum markers positive. METHODS: 32 renal transplantation recipients with hepatitis B viral serum markers positive were enrolled. 23 patients in antiviral treatment group have received the lamivudine (19 cases), enticavir (2 cases) and adefovir (1 case). Another 9 patients have not received the antiviral treatment and were as the control group. RESULTS: The biochemical response rate in antiviral treatment group and control group is 82.60% and 22.22%, respectively. 19 of 23 (82.60%) patients in treatment group survived and 1 of 9 (11.11%) patients in control group survived (P < 0.05). 20 of 23 (86.95%) patients in treatment group have the reduction of HBV DNA more than 2 log copies/ml or maintain less than 5 log copies/ml, while 1 of 9 (11.11%) patients in control group has the HBV DNA maintain less than 5 log copies/ml (P < 0.05). The virology rebound was observed in 6 of 19 (31.58%) patients with lamivudine treatment. 2 of them shift to enticavir treatment and 1 of them add adefovir treatment. The three patients survived. Other 3 patients die of liver function failure. CONCLUSION: The antiviral could improve the survival in renal transplantation recipients with hepatitis B viral serum markers positive. When the virology rebound occurs, the add-on with adefovir or the shift to enticavir could be a rescue treatment.