An efficacy and safety evaluation of montelukast + fluticasone propionate vs. fluticasone propionate in the treatment of cough variant asthma in children: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of montelukast (Mon) + fluticasone propionate (Flu) versus Flu in the treatment of cough variant asthma (CVA) in children. METHODS: Eligible documents were selected from various databases. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate continuous variables, and categorical variables were evaluated using risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI. Heterogeneity analysis was performed using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics, followed by sensitivity analysis and publication bias evaluation. RESULTS: Nine studies were included, and Flu + Mon was found to significantly improve the total effective rate and reduce cough recurrence compared to Flu. The cough remission and disappearance times in the Mon + Flu group were significantly lower than those in the Flu group. FEV1% recovery in the Mon + Flu group was significantly better than that in the Flu group. CONCLUSION: Mon + Flu is effective and safe for the treatment of CVA in children.

Poor prognosis, hypomethylation, and immune infiltrates are associated with downregulation of INMT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Indiolethylamine-N-methyltransferase (INMT) is a methyltransferase responsible for transferring methyl groups from methyl donor SAM to its substrate. S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM), obtained from the methionine cycle, is a naturally occurring sulfonium compound that is vital to cellular metabolism. The expression of INMT is down-regulated in many tumorous tissues, and it may contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, the expression of INMT and its relationship to methylation and immune infiltrates in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remains a mystery. Thus, we evaluated expression, clinicopathological features, prognosis, several critical pathways, DNA methylation, and immune cell infiltration for the first time. Methods: Analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics of INMT expression, several tumor-related bioinformatics databases were utilized. In addition, the role of INMT expression was analyzed for prognosis. Several INMT-related pathways were enriched on the LinkedOmics website. In addition, we have analyzed the methylation of INMT in HNSC in detail by using several methylation databases. Lastly, the relationship between INMT gene expression and immune infiltration was analyzed with ssGSEA, Timer, and TISIDB. Results: In HNSC, mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower than in normal tissues. The low expression of INMT was statistically associated with T stage, histological grade, gender, smoking history, and alcohol consumption. HNSC patients with low INMT expression have a poorer OS (overall survival) compared to those with high levels of expression. In addition, the multivariate analysis revealed INMT expression to be a remarkable independent predictor of prognosis in HNSC patients. An analysis of gene enrichment showed that several pathways were enriched in INMT, including the Ras signaling pathway, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and others. Moreover, methylation patterns of INMT detected in a variety of methylation databases are closely associated with mRNA expression and prognosis. Finally, INMT was significantly correlated with immune infiltration levels. Conclusion: HNSC with low levels of INMT exhibits poor survival, hypomethylation, and immune infiltration. For HNSC, this study presented evidence that INMT is both a biomarker of poor prognosis and a target of immunotherapy.

The Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs13181 in ERCC2 with Risk and Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in an Endemic Chinese Population.

OBJECTIVE: We examined whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13181 in the gene encoding excision repair cross complementation group 2 (ERCC2) is associated with the risk and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: SNPs at rs13181 were genotyped in 439 NPC patients (NPC group) and 431 age- and gender-matched cancer-free controls (control group) from a region of China where NPC is endemic, and frequencies of GG, GT and TT genotypes were compared between the two groups in the case-control study. In a subset of 365 NPC cases, SNPs were examined for potential correlation with tumor-free survival time (TFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Relative to NPC risk with a TT genotype, NPC risk was similar with GT + GG genotypes (OR 1.052, 95% CI 0.656-1.688), after adjusting for gender, age, smoking history, and immunoglobin A against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EBV-VCA-IgA) status. Univariate analysis showed that the GG or GT genotype was associated with significantly worse TFS (p<0.001) and OS (p=0.010) than the TT genotype. Prognosis was significantly worse for men than for women (TFS, p=0.045; OS, p=0.031), for T3-T4 classification than for T1-T2 (TFS, p=0.009; OS, p=0.007), for N3 than for N0+N1+N2 (TFS, p<0.001; OS, p<0.001). Based on multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for poor TFS were GG or GT genotype (HR 2.629, 95% CI 1.625-4.254, p<0.001), T3-T4 classification (HR 2.146, 95% CI 1.244-3.701, p=0.006) and N3 (HR 2.527, 95% CI 1.574-4.059, p<0.001). GG or GT genotype (HR 2.217, 95% CI 1.283-3.832, p=0.004), gender (HR 1.989, 95% CI 1.046-3.785, p=0.036), T3-T4 (HR 2.431, 95% CI 1.306-4.526, p=0.005) and N3 (HR 2.693, 95% CI 1.637-4.432, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for poor OS. CONCLUSION: The rs13181 SNP in ERCC2 does not appear to be associated with NPC risk, but it may serve as an independent prognostic factor for NPC recurrence and death.

Correlation of variable repeat number in the neck regions of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR with susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a Chinese population.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential association of variations in the number of tandem repeats in the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin-related (DC-SIGNR) neck region with susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Variations in the number of repeats in the genotypes and alleles in the neck region of DC-SIGN/DC-SIGNR were analyzed in 477 unrelated NPC patients and 561 cancer-free controls. RESULTS: Genotypes and alleles in the DC-SIGN neck region did not differ significantly between NPC patients and controls, but the 9-repeat genotype in the DC-SIGNR neck region was significantly more frequent among patients (OR 1.339, 95% CI 1.018-1.760, P=0.037). The association between this genotype and NPC remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, smoking history, and presence of immunoglobulin against Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen (OR 1.625, 95% CI 1.134-2.329, P=0.0082). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that genotypes/alleles in the DC-SIGN neck region are not associated with NPC susceptibility, whereas the 9-repeat variant in the neck region of DC-SIGNR may increase the risk of NPC.

Association of the rs1760944 polymorphism in the APEX1 base excision repair gene with risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a population from an endemic area in South China.

BACKGROUND: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEX1) plays a central role in the repair of oxidative DNA lesions via base excision repair, and polymorphism in the APEX1 gene may affect susceptibility to carcinogenesis. METHODS: Here, we assessed possible relationships between single-nucleotide polymorphism at APEX1 rs1760944 and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in 477 NPC patients and 558 healthy controls from Guangxi province, which is the second largest NPC endemic area in South China. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies in controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Logistic regression analysis identified the genotypes GT or GG as associated with significantly lower risk than the genotype TT (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.745, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.573-0.970). This apparent protective effect of GT/GG was even greater among those with no smoking history (adjusted OR 0.679, 95%CI 0.494-0.934). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that APEX1 rs1760944 polymorphism may correlate with NPC susceptibility in a population from an endemic area in South China.

Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in DC-SIGN with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Susceptibility.

The aim of this study was to explore potential relationships of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) with risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The DC-SIGN SNPs rs7252229, rs4804803, rs2287886, and rs735240 were genotyped in 477 unrelated NPC patients and 561 cancer-free controls. At rs7252229, risk of NPC was significantly lower in individuals with GC (odds ratio [OR] 0.076, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.008-0.690), GG (OR 0.056, 95%CI 0.006-0.487), or GC + GG (OR 0.059, 95%CI 0.007-0.515) than in individuals with the CC genotype, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking history, and EBV-VCA-IgA status. At rs4804803, risk of NPC was significantly higher in individuals with the genotype GG than in those with the genotype AA (adjusted OR 9.038, 95%CI 1.708-47.822). At rs735240, risk of NPC did not change significantly with genotypes AG, GG, or AG + GG after adjusting for age, gender, and smoking history. However, when data were also adjusted for EBV-VCA-IgA status, three genotypes emerged as associated with significantly higher risk of NPC than the AA genotype: AG (OR 2.976, 95%CI 1.123-7.888), GG (OR 3.314, 95%CI 1.274-8.622), or GG + AG (OR 3.191, 95%CI 1.237-8.230). Our results suggest that DC-SIGN SNPs rs7252229, rs4804803, and rs735240 may influence NPC risk in the Chinese population. The mechanisms mediating this risk require a further study.

Association of polymorphisms hOGGI rs1052133 and hMUTYH rs3219472 with risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a Chinese population.

This case-control study investigates the possible relationships between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1052133 in the human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) gene and rs3219472 in the human MutY glycosylase homologue (hMUTYH) gene and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The two polymorphisms were genotyped in 488 unrelated NPC patients and 573 cancer-free controls. Genotype GG at rs1052133 was associated with significantly lower NPC risk than genotypes GC + CC (odds ratio [OR] 0.770, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.595-0.996, P=0.012). In subgroup analyses, subjects with genotype GG at rs1052133 were at lower risk of NPC than those with GC or CC among individuals older than 40 years (OR 0.706, 95% CI 0.524-0.950), women (OR 0.571, 95% CI 0.337-0.968), and those with no smoking history (OR 0.634, 95% CI 0.463-0.868). No significant association was seen between polymorphisms at hMUTYH rs3219472 and the risk of NPC. However, gene-gene interaction analysis showed that subjects with genotype CC at rs1052133 and genotype AA at rs3219472 (CC/AA) were at 2.887-fold higher risk of NPC than those with GG/GG, 3.183-fold higher risk than those with GG/GA, and 3.392-fold higher risk than those with GG/AA. Our results suggest that hOGG1 rs1052133 polymorphism may play an important role in NPC pathogenesis, especially among women, >40 years old, and those with no smoking history. The hMUTYH rs3219472 polymorphism may interact with hOGG1 rs1052133 polymorphism to influence susceptibility to NPC.

Prognostic value of pretreatment serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase in nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: single-site analysis of 601 patients in a highly endemic area.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have generated promising but incomplete evidence for the prognostic value of pretreatment serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (S-LDH) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Pretreatment serum levels of S-LDH in 601 patients with NPC were measured before treatment, and their associations with overall survival and tumor-free survival were studied. Univariate and multivariate analysis of subgroups was used to evaluate the prognostic value of S-LDH in early-stage and late-stage NPC separately. RESULTS: Pretreatment S-LDH levels were significantly lower in T1+2 patients than in T3+4 patients, lower in N0+1 patients than in N2+3 ones, and lower in stage I + II patients than in III + IV ones. Multivariate analysis showed that among patients with late-stage NPC, high pretreatment S-LDH levels >225 U/L were an independent predictor of poor overall survival and tumor-free survival. Among patients with early-stage NPC, pretreatment S-LDH levels >171 U/L, which overlap with the normal range, were an independent predictor of shorter overall survival and tumor-free survival. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment S-LDH levels may be a reliable biomarker for predicting the long-term prognosis of patients with early-stage or late-stage NPC.

Prognostic value of pretreatment serum alkaline phosphatase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of serum alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) has not been fully validated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: S-ALP levels were measured in 601 patients newly diagnosed with NPC before radical treatment, and possible associations of these levels with 5-year overall survival (OS) and tumor-free survival (TFS) were explored using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Elevated pretreatment S-ALP (>85 U/L) was significantly less frequent among patients classified as T1+2 or stage I+II than among those classified as T3+4 or stage III+IV. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated pretreatment S-ALP (>85 U/L), age, T classification and N stage were independent predictors of poor OS and TFS. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment S-ALP may be a reliable biomarker to evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with NPC.

Prognostic value of the pretreatment serum level of cytokeratin fraction 21-1 in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a study of 332 cases.

BACKGROUND: Prognostic value of serum cytokeratin fraction 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) has not been fully validated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Serum CYFRA 21-1 levels of 332 patients with NPC were measured before treatment, and their association with overall survival (OS), tumor-free survival (TFS), time to local recurrence (TLR), and time to distant recurrence (TDR) was studied. RESULTS: Pretreatment serum CYFRA 21-1 level of patients with classification of T1+2 , N0 , stage I+II was significantly lower than that of those with T3+4 , N1+2+3 and III+IV, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that a high pretreatment serum level of CYFRA 21-1 and T classification were independent predictors of poor OS and TDR. A high pretreatment level of CYFRA 21-1 was an independent predictor of shorter TFS and TLR. CONCLUSION: The pretreatment serum level of CYFRA 21-1 would be a reliable biomarker to evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with undifferentiated NPC.

[A meta-analysis for the effectiveness external radiation vs transoral laser surgery for treatment of early glottic carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness external radiation (XRT) vs transoral laser surgery (TOL) for treatment of early glottic carcinoma. METHOD: Medline (1990-2010), Embase (1990-2010), Cochrane Library, CBM (1990-2010), CNKI (1994-2010), Wanfang Database were searched for published case-control studies investigating the effectiveness external radiation vs transoral laser surgery for treatment of early glottic carcinoma. The odds ratio was calculated. Meta-analyses were performed by RevMan5. 0. 2 Software. RESULT: In the complications of this study, there was significant heterogeneity in the literatures, so Meta analysis was given up. In the recurrence and 5-years locoregional control, XRT group was no significant difference with TOL group by eliminating the heterogeneity or using the subgroup analysis, but the results till showed there was less recurrence and more locoregional control in TOL group than those in XRT group. In death of disease, overall survival and laryngeal preservation, the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: TOL could be complete in the clinic and the cost was much more cheaper than XRT. So TOL could be used as the first choice for the treatment of early glottic carcinoma versus XRT. But for larger tumors, involving the anterior commissure, there was no clear conclusion. Based on literatures, traditional surgery was the proposed choice. We recognize that the datas included in our study are retrospective studies, for a more scientific conclusion, we need more RCTs.

Radiation-induced sarcoma of head and neck: 50 years of experience at a single institution in an endemic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China.

Radiation-induced sarcoma in the head and neck (RISHN) is a rare condition whose clinical presentation and management remain difficult because of its low incidence. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the symptoms, diagnosis, and the treatment of 16,634 patients with head and neck disease, who received radiotherapy between 1960 and 2010 at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital and its predecessor, Guangxi Medical University, China. Among these patients, 16 with a first tumor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 1 with squamous carcinoma of the tongue met the criteria of RISHN in the head and neck. Our epidemiological data showed that the incidence of RISHN rose from 0.06 to 0.17% from 1960 to 2010; the 3-year overall survival rate was 19.1%, and 3-year disease-free survival rate was 11.1%. The mean latency (SD) period was 93.2 (33) months. Based on the experiences at our institution, we suggest that RISHN is a rare complication after radiotherapy for head and neck tumors, especially NPC. Owing to its low incidence, it should not be a major factor affecting decisions about radiotherapy. Nevertheless, there may be a possibility of increasing incidence of RISHN after radiotherapy of NPC, as shown in our epidemiological results. Given the poor prognosis of RISHN, this possibility should be taken into serious consideration before determination of high-dose radiotherapy for patients with NPC and other head and neck tumors.

Radiation-induced sarcoma in the head and neck region: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 13 cases.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical and histological features of radiation-induced sarcoma in the head and neck (RISHN). METHODS: Medical records of 13 patients with RISHN treated at our institution between 1990 and 2011 were studied, and paraffin-embedded samples were analyzed by haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry to determine mitosis counts and assess expression of Ki-67, bcl-2, and survivin. RESULTS: Positive bcl-2 was observed in 12 (100%) and survivin in 10 (76.9%) patients. The Ki-67 labeling index ranged from 1% to 90%, and it showed significant positive correlation with mitosis count in RISHN tissues, based on Spearman analysis. Percentage of distal metastasis with T2b was significantly higher than T1b stage (P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Stage T2b may be a useful indicator for predicting distant metastasis of RISHN. The MIB-1 score may be used as a histological grading system for RISHN. In addition, bcl-2 and survivin protein may play an important role in pathogenesis and progression of RISHN.

Effect of 5-ALA-PDT on VEGF and PCNA expression in human NPC-bearing nude mice.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, recurrence and metastasis of the tumor after PDT remains problematic. In this study we investigated VEGF and PCNA expression in tumor tissues after 5-ALA-PDT. BALB/c nude mice with NPC tumors of similar size were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10 each). In the two treatment groups, mice were administrated 5-ALA intratumorally at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 3-3.5 h prior to laser irradiation (630 nm, 100 J/cm(2), 100 mW/cm(2)). The mice in one of the treatment groups were sacrificed at 24 h after PDT. The other treatment group and control group mice were sacrificed 14 days after PDT, and the tumor weights were determined for all three groups. Mean tumor weights at 14 days after PDT were 1.353+/-0.204 g in the treatment group and 3.124+/-0.380 g in the control group (p<0.001). Results showed the VEGF level in tumor tissues at 24 h after PDT was slightly higher than that in the control group, while it was down-regulated at 14 days after PDT. The PCNA level was not significantly different in tumor tissues among the three groups, but it was lower in degenerated tumor cells 24 h after PDT. Our results suggest that VEGF may play a role in tumor recurrence and metastasis following PDT. Residual tumor cells escaped from PDT is the main reason for tumor recurrence.

[Clinical experience of cervical trachea sleeve resection].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience of cervical trachea sleeve resection. METHOD: Twelve cases of sleeve resection between January 1985 and December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Six cases were adenoid cystic carcinoma, four cases were squamous cell carcinoma, one case was adenocarcinoma and one case was cervical tracheomalacia. Length of cervical trachea resection is three to six cm with primary anastomosis, among which five cases were over five cm, seven cases underwent laryngeal release and three cases underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. Nine cases were tracheal anastomotic stoma enwrapped with normal thyroid tissue and three cases were not. RESULT: Laryngeal function and normal phonation were saved, anastomotic stoma healed up, and the tracheal mucosa appear normal in all the patients . The three years survival rate and five years' survival rate were 85.37% and 56.61% for the patients respectively. CONCLUSION: Cervical trachea sleeve resection accorded with the principle of tracheal tumors therapy. It was conducive to healing of the tracheal anastomosis.

[Application of EB virus latent membrane protein 1 in nasopharyngeal swab in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and reliability of detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) gene by nasopharyngeal swab in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To investigate the distribution of 30 bp deletion variant of LMP-1 gene in the local population. METHOD: Nasopharyngeal cells were collected by nasopharyngeal swab, and then DNA was extracted, which was subsequently confirmed by amplification of sequence of beta-thalassemia gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And sequence of LMP1 was amplified with specific primer to verify the significance of LMP1 in the diagnosis of NPC. RESULT: DNA was obtained from 96.4% nasopharyngeal swab samples, LMP1 was detected in 33 of 36 samples, while 2 of 45 samples from normal control, with sensitivity 91.7%, and specialty 95.6%. 30 bp deletion of LMP1 gene was found in 80.6% of NPC samples, and wild type 11.1%. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that nasopharyngeal swab could be effective method for gene-detection. As a parameter in diagnosis of NPC, LMP1 gene is maybe superior to EBVCA-IgA. 30 bp deletion of LMP1 oncogene is widespread in NPC patients.

[Correlation between infiltration of local lesion and distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study the correlation between local and regional infiltration and distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). METHOD: Materials of 204 NPC cases primarily treated (including 101 cases with tumor free and a period of survived time for 5 or more years after radiotherapy and 103 cases with distant metastasis after radiotherapy ). The extent and the way of local aggressiveness were made sure by studying their CT. Then the single-factor and COX analysis were adopted to analyze. RESULT: Single-factor analysis showed the extent of aggressiveness of nasal sinuses, base of skull, cranial nerves, parapharyngeal space, laterals and number, size, fixation of neck lymph nodes of metastasis, clinical stage, T and N stage had statistical significance (P <0.05); Multi-factor analysis merely showed aggressiveness of nasal sinuses, cranial nerves, laterals and number, size of neck lymph nodes, clinical stage had statistical significance; Analysis of correlation between the situations of local aggressiveness and regional infiltration showed that the occurrence of metastasis of lymph nodes and its degree in metastasis group of post-radiotherapy was obviously higher than that in non-metastasis group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the degree of local aggressiveness, the involvement of base of skull and the parapharyngeal space were not. CONCLUSION: Regional infiltration and its degree are the most important and stable factors that affect the distant metastasis in NPC patients after radiotherapy, and primary lesion intrigues distant metastasis mainly through occurrence of metastasis of regional lymph nodes.

[A study of biological characteristic and generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cell from peripheral blood of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the differences of morphology, phenotype and function of dendritic cell (DC) derived from the healthy individuals and the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHOD: DC were isolated and developed from peripheral blood monocytes from 12 NPC patients and 9 healthy volunteers in vitro, and were studied in terms of shape and phenotype of CD83, CD1a,CD86, HLA-DR by flow cytometry then. MTT method was used to measured the capability of DC in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). RESULT: The shape of DC derived from monocyte in the healthy volunteers' peripheral blood was more typical than that of NPC patients'. The expression rate of CD83, CD1a on DC from healthy volunteers was significantly higher than that from NPC patients (P < 0.05). The DC from healthy volunteers had the higher expression level of CD1a and CD83 than that from NPC patients, but not significantly( P > 0.05). DC in healthy volunteer's group could trigger proliferation of allogenous lymphocyte (P < 0.05) but it could not significantly do that in NPC patients group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results reveal that the yield of DC derived from NPC patient's monocyte is lower than that from healthy individual's in peripheral blood,and the DC from NPC patient may be in an immature state and could not trigger the proliferation of lymphocyte.