ABSTRACT
Objective To comapre and analyze the differences and commonalities of expression profiles of serum exosomal microRNA between patients with thyroid nodules and healthy persons at different iodine levels,and then provide evidence for screening early diag-nostic markers of thyroid nodules at different iodine levels.Methods The peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with thyroid nod-ules and healthy volunteers at different iodine levels were collected.Their serum iodine levels were measured by the arsenic cerium cat-alytic spectrophotometry.Serum exosomal microRNA were extracted and the expression levels of microRNA were determined by the high-throughput sequencing technology.The differential target genes were predicted and further performed Gene ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.Results Compared with healthy volunteers,there were 6 downreg-ulated miRNAs in the patients with thyroid nodules at different iodine levels,namely miR-324-5p,miR-6511b-3p,miR-9903,miR-550a-3p,miR-5001-3p,and miR-3688-3p.Differentially expressed exosomal microRNA could regulate the MAPK signaling path-way,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,and NF-κB signaling pathway.Conclusion Six differentially expressed microRNAs is identified,which may serve as biological markers for the early diagnosis of thyroid nodules at different iodine levels.
ABSTRACT
BackgroundIn observational studies, Alzheimers disease (AD) has been associated with an increased risk of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the prognosis of COVID-19 can affect nervous systems. However, the causality between these conditions remains to be determined. MethodsThis study sought to investigate the bidirectional causal relations of AD with COVID-19 using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. ResultsWe found that genetically predicted AD was significantly associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 3.329; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.139-9.725; P=0.028). Its interesting that genetically predicted severe COVID-19 was also significantly associated with higher risk of AD (OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.001-1.007; P=0.018). In addition, the two strong genetic variants associated with severe COVID-19 was associated with higher AD risk (OR, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.003-1.034; P=0.018). There is no evidence to support that genetically predicted AD was significantly associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, and vice versa. No obvious pleiotropy bias and heterogeneity were observed. ConclusionOverall, AD may causally affect severe COVID-19, and vice versa, performing bidirectional regulation through independent biological pathways.
ABSTRACT
Most common causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) are enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). The symptomatic and asymptomatic cases could transmit the disease in population. Many sero-epidemiological surveys were launched to estimate the sero-incidence of EV-A71 and CV-A16 enterovirus, the susceptibility of different sub-population, and to observe the dynamics of neutralizing antibody. A literature search of sero-epidemiological study focused on EV-A71 or CV-A16 was conducted via PubMed and China Hospital Knowledge Database. Based on the 20 selected studies, the different age groups' antibody level, the susceptibility, the dynamics of antibody and sero-incidence of EV-A71 or CV-A16 were analyzed. From our results, the antibody level against EV-A71 or CV-A16 in neonates was associated with their mothers, which was similar with that of adults. The antibody level against EV-A71 or CV-A16 in neonates dropped to lowest level at one years-old, and started to dramatically increase until four years-old, and reached a plateau at five years-old. In conclusion, the infants aged 6-12 months were the priority group to receive vaccination when the EV-A71 vaccine is licensed in the future.