ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: A new non-invasive bladder stimulation technique has been described to obtain clean-catch urine specimens in infants. This study aimed to evaluate if point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) guided feeding protocol to measure bladder volume prior to stimulation techniques improves clean-catch urine collection success. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial study was conducted in a tertiary care pediatric emergency department. Infants aged less than 6 months needing a urine sample were randomized to either POCUS group or feeding group (standard procedure) before performing a standardized clean-catch urine stimulation technique. In the POCUS group, a feeding period was permitted if the bladder width was less than 2 cm, otherwise the clean-catch urine was performed immediately. The primary outcome was the success of the procedure defined by the collection of at least 2 mL of urine, obtained within 300 seconds of bladder stimulation manoeuvres. It was estimated that the recruitment of 200 children was necessary to yield 80% power to identify an improvement of 20% in the success rate. RESULTS: A total of 201 infants were included. The procedure was not more successful in the POCUS group (48%) compared to the feeding group (54%) (Difference: 6.5%; 95% CI: -7.3 to 19.8%). The mean time to collect urine samples from randomization to sample collection was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study failed to show a benefit of using POCUS to improve the success rate of stimulated clean-catch urine. Moreover, the importance of the feeding period prior to clean-catch urine manoeuvres should be evaluated further. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02751671.
OBJECTIF: Une nouvelle technique de prélèvement urinaire non-invasive par mi-jet stimulé fut décrite pour les nourrissons. L'étude visait à évaluer si un protocole d'allaitement guidé par l'échographie au chevet (EC), avant stimulation, pour mesurer le volume de la vessie, permettait d'accroître le taux de réussite du recueil d'urine par mi-jet. MÉTHODE: Un essai comparatif, prospectif et à répartition aléatoire a été mené dans un service des urgences pédiatriques de soins tertiaires. Des nourrissons âgés de moins de 6 mois chez qui devait être pratiqué un prélèvement d'urine ont été répartis au hasard dans le groupe de l'EC ou dans le groupe d'allaitement (méthode courante) avant que ne soit pratiquée la technique de stimulation uniforme de recueil d'urine par mi-jet. Dans le groupe de l'EC, l'allaitement était permis si la largeur de la vessie était < 2 cm; sinon, l'on procédait immédiatement au recueil d'urine par mi-jet stimulé. Le principal critère d'évaluation consistait en la réussite du prélèvement, défini comme le recueil d'au moins 2 ml d'urine pendant les manÅuvres de stimulation de la vessie, d'une durée maximum de 300 secondes. D'après l'évaluation des chercheurs, le nombre de sujets nécessaire pour que l'étude atteigne une puissance de 80% et mette ainsi en évidence une augmentation de 20% du taux de réussite devait s'élever à 200. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 201 nourrissons ont participé à l'étude. Le recueil d'urine n'était pas plus élevé dans le groupe de l'EC (48%) que dans le groupe d'allaitement (54%) (écart : 6,5%; IC à 95% : -7,3% à 19,8%). Il n'y avait de différence non plus entre les deux groupes quant au temps moyen écoulé depuis la répartition aléatoire des sujets jusqu'au prélèvement d'urine. CONCLUSION: La supériorité de l'EC dans l'accroissement du taux de réussite du recueil d'urine non souillée par stimulation n'a pas été démontrée dans l'étude. Il faudrait aussi évaluer davantage l'importance de la durée de l'allaitement avant les manÅuvres de recueil d'urine non souillée. NO D'ENREGISTREMENT DES ESSAIS CLINIQUES: NCT02751671.
Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital , Hospitals, Pediatric , Point-of-Care Systems , Ultrasonography/methods , Urinary Tract Infections/urine , Urine Specimen Collection/methods , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Studies of early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have identified monogenic forms of the disease. The primary objective of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory features of the first patients included in the GENIAL/LUMUGENE cohort to those reported in previous publications. The secondary objective was to determine whether subgroups with a distinctive pattern of clinical and biological features are seen in predominantly genetic forms of SLE. METHODS: GENIAL/LUMUGENE is a French nationwide study of the clinical, immunological, and genetic features of juvenile-onset SLE (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01992666). Clinical and laboratory data from the first 64 patients younger than 18 years who were included in the first part of the study were collected retrospectively. Predefined criteria were used to divide the patients into three subgroups: syndromic SLE (n=10) and familial SLE (n=12) - both presumed to have a strong genetic component - and other forms of early-onset SLE (n=42). RESULTS: The predefined criteria for identifying subgroups based on knowledge of the clinical and epidemiological features of monogenic SLE showed a significantly younger age at onset in syndromic SLE (P<0.05) and a lower frequency of joint manifestations in familial SLE. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, clinical and epidemiological data alone failed to identify a specific patient subgroup characterized by the same disease presentation or progression. This result may be related to the small sample size or indicate marked heterogeneity of juvenile-onset SLE. Genetic studies using new sequencing techniques in these patients might identify genetic factors responsible for marked phenotypic variability.
Subject(s)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease/epidemiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics , Phenotype , Adolescent , Age Factors , Age of Onset , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Severe haemolysis is a rare complication after mitral valve repair in congenital heart disease. AIM: We describe four children with severe mitral regurgitation who underwent valve repair and subsequently developed profound haemolytic anaemia. METHODS: Clinical, echocardiographic and surgical data were collected retrospectively from a surgical centre in France during a 5-year period. RESULTS: Two patients had atrioventricular septal defects, one patient had congenital mitral dysplasia and one had anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery with mitral regurgitation. Haemolysis was diagnosed 20 to 75 days after surgery, as a result of clinical and biological examination; it was severe, and blood transfusion support was necessary in all cases. Haemolysis was always associated with eccentric mitral regurgitation with a variable degree of severity (from low to severe). After exclusion of other haemolysis aetiology, redo mitral repair surgery was performed successfully in all cases. The haemolysis was considered to be mechanical in origin, caused by regurgitation of blood through the residual mitral regurgitation and stitches. CONCLUSION: Severe haemolysis is a rare complication that can occur after mitral valve repair in congenital heart disease. All patients underwent successful redo repair and had resolution of haemolysis after surgery. Even if redo surgery is required, iterative mitral repair is possible.
