The occurrence of diseases and their relationship with passive immune transfer in Holstein dairy calves submitted to individual management in southern Brazil / Ocorrência de doenças e sua relação com a transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerras Holandês criadas em sistema individual no sul do Brasil

Calves are extremely dependent on colostrum intake for the acquisition of passive immunity. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of diarrhea and respiratory diseases and the impact of Failure of Passive Immune Transfer (FPIT) on the health and zootechnical performance of Holstein dairy calves in individual management. This study has been carried out in five commercial farms in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, from March 2017 to January 2018. In this study, 131 calves were followed from birth to 60 days of age. Total Plasmatic Protein (TPP) has been performed to determine passive immune transfer quality in 53 calves (53/131). A daily clinical follow-up has been accomplished aiming at diagnosing diseases and their incidences, and zootechnical measures such as withers height, width of the croup and weight have been evaluated. FPIT rate was 32.07%, diarrhea occurrence and respiratory diseases were 77.9% and 49.6%, respectively. FPIT increased the chances of calves presenting diarrhea and developing respiratory diseases, but no differences on zootechnical performance were found. The frequency of FPIT is still high and is a factor that corroborated the increased risk for diarrhea and respiratory disease but did not influence the performance of calves in the preweaning phase.(AU)

Bezerras são extremamente dependentes da ingestão de colostro para adquirir imunidade passiva. Este estudo teve o objetivo de determinar os índices de ocorrência de diarreia e de doença respiratória, assim como o impacto da falha na transferência de imunidade passiva (FTIP) no desenvolvimento de doenças e no desempenho zootécnico de bezerras Holandês criadas em sistema individual. O estudo foi desenvolvido em cinco propriedades comerciais no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, entre março de 2017 e janeiro de 2018. Assim, 131 bezerras foram acompanhadas, do nascimento aos 60 dias de idade. Em 53 animais, foi realizada avaliação de proteínas plasmáticas totais para determinar a qualidade na transferência de imunidade passiva. Acompanhamento clínico diário foi realizado, a fim de diagnosticar doenças e suas incidências, assim como avaliações zootécnicas, como altura de cernelha, largura de garupa, perímetro torácico e peso. O percentual de FTIP foi 32,07%, a ocorrência de diarreias e de doenças respiratórias foi, respectivamente, 77,9% e 49,6%. A FTIP aumentou as chances de as bezerras apresentarem diarreia e doenças respiratórias, mas não alterou o desempenho zootécnico. Conclui-se que a frequência na FTIP ainda é elevada, fator que corroborou o aumento do risco para as diarreias e doença respiratória. Apesar disso, a FTIP não influenciou no desenvolvimento das bezerras na fase de aleitamento.(AU)

Continuous glucose monitoring in cystic fibrosis patients according to the glucose tolerance.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with a long preclinical state of abnormal glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the profile of glucose tolerance in young adults with CF and (ii) to compare these results with those obtained by a continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring (CGMS). CF subjects with fasting glycemia inferior to 126 mg/dl were included in the study. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) identified the subjects either with a normal glucose tolerance (NGT), or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or diabetes. CGMS (Medtronic) was performed during 3 days to analyze mean glucose level, high glucose excursions, and glucose area under the curve (AUC). Forty-nine patients were included in the study. NGT (n=22), IGT (n=17), and diabetes groups (n=10) were comparable except with regard to age and BMI (p<0.001). HbA1c values in diabetes group were significantly higher (p<0.001) than in NGT and IGT groups. CGMS revealed peaks of glucose values superior to 200 mg/dl at least once after a meal in 8 patients (36%) with NGT, in 9 patients (52%) with IGT, and in all patients with diabetes (p<0.01). Mean CGMS glucose and glucose AUC values increased in patients with diabetes compared to patients with NGT and IGT (p<0.05). Peak of CGMS glucose reached 182+/-60 mg/dl in NGT group despite the normal glucose profile at OGTT. In conclusion, CGMS revealed pathological glucose excursions not only in patients with impaired glucose tolerance at OGTT but also in patients with a normal glycemic profile. CGMS could be a useful tool for the early detection of hyperglycemia in patients with CF.

Large keratoacanthomas treated with intralesional interferon alfa-2a.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous involution of giant keratoacanthomas (KAs) can leave large scars or cause mutilation. Human papillomaviruses have recently been demonstrated in KAs. Intralesional interferon alfa-2a (IFN alfa-2a) has been shown to have activity against different epithelial tumors and to have an antiviral effect. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine whether it was possible to stop extension of large KAs, to accelerate healing, and to obtain good cosmetic results with intralesional IFN alfa-2a. METHODS: Six large KAs were treated with intralesional IFN alfa-2a. RESULTS: Regression was obtained in five cases in 3 to 7 weeks with excellent cosmetic results. The main side effect was pain during injection. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that this treatment hastens healing and limits scarring.

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mesentery. Echographic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of a case]. / Histiocytome fibreux malin du mésentère. Aspects échographiques et scanographiques. A propos d'un cas.

We report one case of mesenteric malignant fibrous histiocytoma, demonstrated by pain, abdominal mass and hypoglycaemic faintness. Ultrasound showed an heterogeneous mass, with liquid areas surrounded with echogenic trabeculations. A percutaneous aspiration under ultrasound guidance of the liquid collections demonstrated sero-sanguineous material. A computed tomography showed the mass to involve the upper small bowel mesentery; organic hypoglycaemic series suggested a mesenchymal tumor, the histologic type of which was only known by post-mortem examination of the specimen.

[Diagnosis of left proximal coronary stenosis using 2-dimensional echocardiography]. / Diagnostic des sténoses coronariennes gauches proximales par échocardiographie bidimensionnelle.

The value of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in the diagnosis of proximal left main coronary artery disease was assessed in 63 patients in whom 2DE was performed and interpreted before coronary angiography. The diagnosis of coronary artery disease depended on two groups of criteria, one group based on the lumen of the artery and the other, on the arterial wall. Eighty three pre cent of the investigations were interpretable. The bifurcation of the left main coronary artery was visualised in 23% of cases. 2DE was positive in 8 of the 10 cases (80%) in which coronary angiography showed stenosis of the left main coronary or the very proximal part of the left anterior descending arteries. There were two false negative results (20%). When coronary angiography did not show left main coronary stenosis (42 cases), 2DE was also negative in 39 cases (92%); there were 3 false positive results (7%), one due to calcification and other two to errors in appreciation of the criteria of stenosis. These results show that 2DE is useful before coronary angiography in identifying cases of possible left main stem or proximal left anterior descending disease providing the diagnostic criteria of coronary stenosis are strictly observed.

[Superior mesenteric embolism. Apropos of 2 patients treated successfully with streptokinase]. / Embolie mésentérique supérieure. A propos de deux patients traités avec succès par la streptokinase.

Authors report two observations of embolus in the superior mesenteric artery. Patient's age, bad general status of the first, obesity of the second, importance of one emboli and especially affirmative angiography indicate treatment by streptokinase like the usual one in venous pathology. Good clinical result is approved by new control arteriography in two cases.

[Glucagonoma without diabetes: a case report (author's transl)]. / Glucagonome sand diabète: une observation.

A further case of glucagonoma is reported, unusual features being the prolonged duration of cutaneous manifestations (12 years), and the absence of diabetes. Possible explanations for this anomaly: compensatory insulin or somatostatin secretion, production of a non functional glucagon, or low levels of circulating glucagon, are envisaged but without a formal response.

[Lupos erythematosus discovered during the course of a toxicodermia (author's transl)]. / Lupus érythémateux disséminés révélés par une toxidermie.

The authors describes four cases of lupus erythematosus (LE) diagnosed during the course of a medication toxicodermia, which was always acute and variable in its severity (in one case it concerned a Lyell's syndrome). The lupus affection was made evident by the toxicodermia and lupic manifestations may regress spontaneously after recovery from the skin disorder. This emphasizes the value of clinical and biological testing for the presence of LE in severe cases of toxicodermia in women, more particularly immunofluorescent studies of the basal structures in the cutaneous lesions.

[Ureteral compression by an aneurysm of the hypogastric artery. Two cases (author's transl)]. / Compression urétérale par anévrysme artériel hypogastrique. A propos de deux observations.

Aorto-iliac aneurysms produce ureteric obstrucation by different mechanisms: deviation, compression and, above all, encirclement by peri-aneurysmal fibrosis. Whilst it is rare to find this as the cause for apparently primary ureteric obstruction, individuals with aorto-iliac aneumrysms quite often show evidence of ureteral abnormalities. The two cases presented illustrate these two possibilities. Routine pre-operative urography, or seven better a urographic phase of arteriography, is therefore suggested.