ABSTRACT
Pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) are wildfire-generated convective clouds that can inject smoke directly into the stratosphere. PyroCb have been tracked for years, yet their apparent rarity and episodic nature lead to highly uncertain climate impacts. In situ measurements of pyroCb smoke reveal its distinctive and exceptionally stable aerosol properties and define the long-term influence of pyroCb activity on the stratospheric aerosol budget. Analysis of 13 years of airborne observations shows that pyroCb are responsible for 10 to 25% of the black carbon and organic aerosols in the "present-day" lower stratosphere, with similar impacts in both the North and South Hemispheres. These results suggest that, should pyroCb increase in frequency and/or magnitude in future climates, they could generate dominant trends in stratospheric aerosol.
ABSTRACT
HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 75 year old patient presented for many years with nausea and vomiting. The exacerbation of clinical presentation caused further investigation of the small bowel. INVESTIGATIONS: The source of nausea and vomiting had been achieved by double contrast enteroclysis in the upper jejunum and it was confirmed with a coloskop. TREATMENT AND COURSE: Histological result was a primary small bowel adenocarcinoma. The primary definitive therapy was a radical resection of the jejunal neoplastic loop, also as an important prognostic factor. Because of the tumour stadium adjuvant chemotherapy was not necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Tumours of small bowel are always a diagnostic challenge. With the help of an primary small bowel adenocarcinoma we suggest an algorithm of diagnostic possibilities adjusted to the clinical situation.
