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Objective:To compare the effect of delaying progression of myopia in children between defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lens and orthokeratology.Methods:A nonrandomized controlled clinical study was conducted.A total of 390 children (390 eyes) with myopia who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2020 were included, with the spherical equivalent (SER) of -0.75 to -6.00 D. According to the willingness of patients and patients' guardians, the subjects were divided into DIMS group, orthokeratology group and single-vision spectacle lens group, with 130 cases (130 eyes) in each group, wearing DIMS spectacle lenses, standard or astigmatic design orthokeratology and conventional single-vision full-correction aspheric spectacle lenses, respectively.The SER of the eyes was measured using an automatic computerized refractometer in combination with subjective refraction before and one year after lens wear, and the axial length (AL) of the eyes was measured using IOLMaster.A total of 327 patients in the three groups met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 107 in the DIMS group, 112 in the orthokeratology group, and 104 in the single-vision spectacle lens group.All the right eyes were included in this study.The changes in SER and AL before and after wearing lenses for 1 year were compared among the three groups.The relationship between AL and SER changes and baseline data in the DIMS group was evaluated by Pearson linear correlation analysis.The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2023-KY-0174-002). The subjects and their guardians were fully aware of the purpose and methodology of the study, and voluntarily signed an informed consent form.Results:There were statistically significant overall differences in SER and AL at different time points among the three groups (SER: Fgroup=7.065, P=0.009; Ftime=183.730, P<0.001.AL: Fgroup=6.151, P=0.014; Ftime=175.290, P<0.001). One year later, the differences in SER and AL changes among the three groups were statistically significant ( F=7.065, P=0.009; F=6.151, P=0.014). The SER and AL of each group after 1 year was greater than the baseline, with the SER and AL and their changes significantly smaller in orthokeratology group and DIMS group than in single-vision spectacle lens group and greater in DIMS group than in orthokeratology group, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). Compared with single-vision spectacle lenses, wearing orthokeratology for 1 year can inhibit SER and AL progression by 58.3% and 59.0%, and wearing DIMS frame glasses for 1 year can inhibit SER and AL progression by 46.9% and 43.6%.The percentage of eyes with no change in SER was 5.77%(6/104), 24.11%(27/112) and 17.76%(19/107) in the single-vision spectacle lens group, orthokeratology group and DIMS group, respectively, and the percentage of AL was 0.00%(0/104), 8.93%(10/112) and 7.48%(8/107), respectively, showing statistically significant differences among the three groups ( χ2=9.316, 8.676; both at P<0.001). The AL change in the DIMS group was weakly negatively correlated with age ( r=-0.252, P=0.006). Conclusions:Wearing DIMS spectacle lenses is not as effective as orthokeratology in delaying myopia in children, but it is significantly better than wearing conventional single-vision spectacle lenses.
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The gold-standard for bone substitution of large bone defects continues to be autogenous bone graft. Artificial bone substitutes are difficult to replace the autogenous bone grafting due to excessive immune response, fast biodegradation characteristics and inappropriate biocompatibility. Given these drawbacks, osteoimmunology and its advanced functional biomaterials have gained growing attention in recent years. Immune system plays an essential role during bone healing via regulating the shift from inflammatory to anti-inflammation phenotype, and inflammatory cytokines response. The inflammatory reaction mainly include infiltration of immune cells (such as macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, B cells, etc) and release of inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.) at the bone defects, which subsequently affect the step-wised process of bone healing rejuvenation. Hence, advanced bone biomaterials with immunomodulatory properties is of great significance for the treatment of patients with recalcitrant bone defects, especially for delayed healing or non-union. The reciprocal mechanism of immuno-modulated bone healing, however, is not fully understood and more research is required in the future.
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Osteogenesis , Cytokines , Biocompatible Materials , Macrophages , T-Lymphocytes , Bone RegenerationABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effects of 0.01% atropine eye drops on ocular biometrics in myopic adolescents.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted.Two hundred and nineteen myopic adolescents who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2016 to June 2017 and completed the 1-year follow-up on time were enrolled.The 219 adolescents were divided into a 0.01% atropine+ single-vision spectacles (SV) group (119 cases) wearing single-vision spectacles with one drop of atropine eye drop applied to both eyes once nightly, and a simple SV group (100 cases) wearing SV only.Axial length (AL), corneal power and anterior chamber depth were measured with the IOLMaster.Lens power was calculated using the Bennett-Rabbetts formula.Intraocular pressure was measured by non-contact tonometry.Spherical equivalent (SE) was examined by cycloplegic autorefraction.Total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism were calculated by vector decomposition.The right eye data were analyzed to compare the ocular biometrics changes between the two groups, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2016-35). Written informed consent was obtained from guardians before any medical examination.Results:The SE change and AL elongation 12 months after treatment in 0.01% atropine+ SV group were (-0.47±0.45) D and (0.37±0.22) mm, respectively, which were significantly lower than (-0.70±0.60)D and (0.46±0.35)mm in simple SV group ( t=5.523, 9.651; both at P<0.001). There were significant differences in SE and AL between before and after treatment in both groups (SE: Fgroup=1.556, P=0.015; Ftime=12.538, P=0.002; AL: Fgroup=3.425, P=0.021; Ftime=18.235, P=0.008). The SE and AL at 4, 8 and 12 months after treatment were all increased in comparison with before treatment in both groups, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). The SE and AL at 8 and 12 months after treatment in 0.01% atropine+ SV group were smaller than in simple SV group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.001). At 8 and 12 months after treatment, total astigmatism and the anterior chamber depth were increased and the lens power was decreased in comparison with before treatment in both groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in corneal astigmatism, corneal power and intraocular pressure at different time points before and after treatment between the two groups (all at P>0.05). In the multiple linear regression analysis, an equation of Δmyopic SE=-0.012-2.685×ΔAL-1.002×Δcorneal astigmatism-0.656×Δlens power+ 0.477×Δtotal astigmatism+ 0.363×Δanterior chamber depth-0.060×age+ 0.011×sex was used, showing the change of SE was mainly caused by the change of AL ( β=-2.685), then corneal power, lens power, total astigmatism and anterior chamber depth. Conclusions:In adolescents, 0.01% atropine eye drops can effectively retard myopia progression and axial elongation, showing no effect on astigmatism, corneal power, lens power, anterior chamber depth and intraocular pressure.The controlling effect of 0.01% atropine eye drops in the development of myopia is mainly achieved by reducing axial elongation.
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Objective To explore the improvements of high-fat intake on lung injury induced by Paragonimus proliferus infection in rats, and to preliminarily explore the mechanisms underlying the role of cytochrome P450 4A1 (CYP 4A1) in the improve ments. Methods SD rats were randomly assigned into three groups, including the normal control group (n = 10), the infection and normal diet group (n = 12) and the infection and high-fat diet group (n = 12). Rats in the normal control group were fed with normal diet and without any other treatments, and animals in the infection and normal diet group were subcutaneously injected with 8 excysted metacercariae of P. proliferus via the abdominal wall, followed by feeding with normal diet, while rats in the infection and high-fat diet group were subcutaneously injected with 8 excysted metacercariae of P. proliferus via the abdominal wall, followed by feeding with high-fat diet. All rats were sacrificed 28 weeks post-infection, and serum samples and lung specimens were collected. Following hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of rat lung specimens, the rat lung injury was observed under an optical microscope, and alveolitis was evaluated using semi-quantitative scoring. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the cytochrome P450 4A1 (CYP 4A1) expression was quantified in rat lung specimens at transcriptional and translational levels using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting assays. Results Alveolar wall thickening, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were alleviated 28 weeks post-infection with P. proliferus in rats in the infection and high-fat diet group relative to the infection and normal diet group, and no alveolar consolidation was seen in the infection and high-fat diet group. The semi-quantitative score of alveolitis was significantly higher in the infection and normal diet group [(2.200 ± 0.289) points] than in the normal control group [(0.300 ± 0.083) points] and the infection and high-fat diet group [(1.300 ± 0.475) points] (both P values < 0.05), and higher serum IL-1β [(151.586 ± 20.492)] pg/mL and TNF-α levels [(180.207 ± 23.379) pg/mL] were detected in the infection and normal diet group than in the normal control group [IL-1β: (103.226 ± 3.366) pg/mL; TNF-α: (144.807 ± 1.348) pg/mL] and the infection and high-fat diet group [IL-1β: (110.131 ± 12.946) pg/mL; TNF-α: (131.764 ± 27.831) pg/mL] (all P values < 0.05). In addition, lower CYP 4A1 mRNA (3.00 ± 0.81) and protein expression (0.40 ± 0.02) was quantified in lung specimens in the infection and normal diet group than in the normal control group [(5.03 ± 2.05) and (0.84 ± 0.14)] and the infection and high-fat diet group [(11.19 ± 3.51) and (0.68 ± 0.18)] (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion High-fat intake may alleviate lung injuries caused by P. proliferus infection in rats through up-regulating CYP 4A1 expression in lung tissues at both translational and transcriptional levels.
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Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops on myopia development in adolescents.Methods:A randomized controlled double-blind study was carried out.Two hundred and eighty myopic adolescents (280 eyes) with spherical equivalent (SE) from -1.25 to -6.0 D were enrolled in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2016 to June 2017.All the subjects wore full-correction single vision spectacle lenses before topical administration of atropine eye drops.The subjects were randomly divided into 0.01% atropine group (142 eyes) and 0.02% atropine group (138 eyes) according to the random number table method.Atropine 0.01% or 0.02% eye drops was topically used in the test eye once per night according to grouping, and the related parameters of the right eyes were collected for data analysis.The subjects were followed up at the 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th month following administration.The SE was measured with an autorefractor to evaluate the refractive change.The anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature and axial length (AL) were measured with an IOLMaster.The adverse responses of atropine eye drops were investigated via a questionnaire.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2016-35). Written informed consent was obtained from subjects and their guardian prior to entering the cohort.Results:The follow-up rate of 0.01% atropine group was 83.8%, and the follow-up rate of 0.02% atropine group was 84.8% at the end of following-up.SE and AL increased by (-0.47±0.32)D and (0.37±0.20)mm in 0.01% atropine group, and (-0.38±0.35)D and (0.30±0.17)mm in 0.02% atropine groups during the following-up, respectively, showing statistically significant differences between two groups ( P=0.040, 0.004). After adjusting age, body mass index and baseline SE, the analysis by generalized additive mixed model showed that the increase rate of SE was -0.039 D/month and -0.032 D/month in 0.01% and 0.02% atropine group, respectively ( Pinteraction=0.041). After adjusting age, body mass index and baseline AL, the analysis of mixed effect model showed that the increase rate of AL was 0.031 mm/month and 0.025 mm/month in 0.01% and 0.02% atropine group, respectively ( Pinteraction=0.032). In 0.01% and 0.02% atropine groups, 32 cases (26.9%) and 33 cases (28.2%) occurred photophobia from 1st to 4th week during administration, and 7 cases (5.9%) and 7 cases (6.0%) appeared near-vision blur from 2nd to 4th week.Allergic response occurred in 0.01% atropine group at 1 month of treatment, and the symptom disappeared after interruption of the medication for two days. Conclusions:The incidence of adverse resoponses of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops is similar.Atropine 0.02% eye drops is more effective in controlling myopia progression.
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Objective:To observe the safety and efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops in the prevention of myopia onset in schoolchildren.Methods:A randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted.Sixty Chinese Han children (60 eyes) with binocular spherical equivalent (SE) between + 0.50 D and -0.75 D (pre-myopia) by cycloplegic autorefraction treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled from July to October 2020.Aged 6-12 years old, the children were divided into 0.01% atropine group and control group according to a random number table, with 30 cases (30 eyes) in each group.The children were given one drop of 0.01% atropine or placebo eye drops in both eyes once a night.The SE, axial length (AL), accommodative amplitude and pupil diameter were compared before and after 3-month, 6-month of treatment between the two groups.Discomforts were recorded.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2020-KY-286). Written informed consent was obtained from guardian of each subject.Results:After treatment, 26 and 25 subjects completed the 6-month follow-up in 0.01% atropine group and control group, respectively, among which 3 subjects in 0.01% atropine group accounting for 11.5% and 9 in control group accounting for 36.0% developed myopia, showing a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.238, P=0.040). There were significant differences in the overall comparison of SE and AL at different time points between before and after treatment ( Ftime=10.981, 81.854; both at P<0.001). At 3 and 6 months after treatment, there were significant increases in the SE and AL of control group and AL of 0.01% atropine group compared with respective baseline values (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SE at 3 and 6 months after treatment compared with baseline SE in 0.01% atropine group (both at P>0.05). At 6 months after treatment, the change in SE in 0.01% atropine group was (-0.15±0.26)D, which was significantly less than (-0.34±0.35)D in control group, and the change in AL in 0.01% atropine group was (0.17±0.11)mm, Which was significantly shorter than (0.28±0.14)mm in control group, with significant differences between them ( t=2.207, P=0.032; t=3.127, P=0.003). There were significant differences in pupil diameter at different time points between before and after treatment ( Ftime=2.263, P=0.032). At 3 and 6 months after treatment, the pupil diameter was increased in comparison with baseline in 0.01% atropine group (both at P<0.05). There were significant differences in accommodative amplitude at different time points between before and after treatment in the two groups ( Fgroup=0.882, P=0.042; Ftime=0.337, P=0.033). The accommodative amplitude at 3 and 6 months after treatment were decreased in comparison with baseline in 0.01% atropine group and control group at corresponding time points (all at P<0.05). Within a month after treatment, photophobia in bright sunlight occurred in 5 cases in 0.01% atropine group, accounting for 16.7%(5/30), and 2 cases in control group, accounting for 6.7%(2/30), showing no significant difference ( χ2=0.647, P=0.421). No near-vision blur and other uncomfortable symptoms was found in the two groups. Conclusions:After 6-month application of 0.01% atropine eye drops, the prevalence of myopia in pre-myopia schoolchildren decreases and the changing rate of SE and AL slows down.The accommodative amplitude is slightly reduced and pupil diameter is slightly increased, with no obvious effects on study and life.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops in the control of myopia progression in Chinese children with myopia.Methods:A prospective non-randomized controlled study was performed.The 152 myopic children aged 6 to 14 years were enrolled from June to October in 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, the subjects wore single-vision spectacle lenses (SV) to correct refractive errors and were divided into two groups: the eyes in the atropine group ( n=72) were treated with one drop of 0.01% atropine eye drops before sleep; the eyes in the simple SV group ( n=80) only wore SV.Repeated measurements of refractive power and axial length were performed at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 months after treatment.Discomfort symptoms were also observed.Informed consent was provided according to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Results:After 12 months of treatment, the progression of myopia in the atropine group was (0.46±0.42)D, which was significantly lower than (0.70±0.42)D in the simple SV group ( t=5.479, P<0.001). The increase of axial length in the atropine group was (0.36±0.21)mm, which was significantly lower than (0.46±0.41)mm in the simple SV group ( t=9.883, P=0.004). The proportions of myopia progressed more than 0.50 D per year were 45%(28/70)and 28%(19/80) in the atropine group and simple SV group, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=7.582, P=0.035). In the atropine group, photophobia appeared in 16 cases (22.9%), and was gradually relieved.Allergy was observed in 1 case and disappeared after atropine withdrawal. Conclusions:Application of 0.01% atropine eye drops can effectively control the progression of myopia and have few discomfort symptom in Chinese myopic children.
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Objective:To explore the influencing factors of uterine myometrial and parauterine venous plexus reflux during transvaginal four-dimensional contrast-enhanced hysterosalpingography, which will help reduce and avoid the occurrence of reflux and improve the accuracy of diagnosis.Methods:A total of 306 infertile patients who underwent transvaginal four-dimensional contrast-enhanced hysterosalpingograph from June 2016 to June 2017 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were retrospectively enrolled. The ultrasonographic characteristics were reviewed and the correlations between reflux and endometrial thickness, days after menstruation, intrauterine operation history and patency of fallopian tube were analyzed.Results:The incidence of countercurrent during four-dimensional contrast-enhanced hysterosalpingography was 14.71%. The chi-square test showed that the endometrial thickness and the days after menstruation had statistically significant effects on the incidence of reflux ( P=0.031 and <0.001, respectively). There were no statistically significant effects of intrauterine operation history and patency of the fallopian tube on the incidence of reflux ( P=0.610, 0.137). Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of reflux was associated with endometrial thickness ( B=-1.171, P<0.001) and the days after menstruation ( B=0.439, P=0.015). Conclusions:Transvaginal ultrasound measurement of endometrial thickness before angiography and selection of appropriate examination time according to the menstrual cycle can effectively reduce the incidence of reflux, and adverse reactions, and improve the accuracy of four-dimensional contrast-enhanced hysterosalpingography.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of 0.0％ and 0.02％ atropine on pupil diameter (PD) and accommodation amplitude (AMP) in myopic children and analyze its relation factors.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial design was adopted.One hundred and ninety-three myopia children were included from June to October,2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,all the children completed one-year follow-up.All the children were divided into three groups randomly,with 72,74 and 80 myopic children in 0.01％ atropine group,0.02％ atropine group and control group,respectively.The myopic children in 0.01％ atropine group and 0.02％ atropine group wore single-vision spectacle lenses and were treated with 0.01％ and 0.02％ atropine eye drops nightly,respectively.The myopic children in the control group wore spectacle lenses only.The PD and AMP were measured at baseline,and 4,8 and 12 months after treatment.Results There were no significant difference of baselinePD and AMP among the three groups (F=9.321,P=0.820;F=13.209,P=0.220).Compared with basline,after 12 months,the PD increased by 0.75,0.84 and 0.02 mm in 0.01％ atropine group,0.02％ atropine group and control group,respectively.There were statistically significant differences of PD among three groups at different time points (Fgroup =2.168,P=0.013;Ftime =2.139,P=0.015;Finteraction =2.148,P=0.001).Compared with baseline,the PD of 0.01％ atropine group and 0.02％ atropine group were increased 4,8 and 12 months after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (all at P＜0.001).The PD was stable in control group.After 12 months,the AMP were reduced by 1.25,1.12 and 0.28 D in 0.01％ atropine group,0.02％ atropine group and control group,respectively.There were statistically significant differences of AMP among the three groups at the different time points (Fgroup =18.346,P =0.034;Ftime =1.823,P =0.002;Fintercation =3.239,P =0.023).Compared with baseline,the AMP of 0.01％ atropine group and 0.02％ atropine group were increased 4,8 and 12 months after treatment,and the differences were statistically significant (all at P＜0.05).The AMP remained stable in control group.The change of PD in 0.01％ atropine group and 0.02％ atropine group was correlated with age,baseline PD and baseline eye axis length,respectively (β =0.060,P =0.019;β =-0.440,P＜0.001;β =-0.37,P =0.045).The change in AMP of the atropine group was significantly correlated with the baseline adjustment range (β =-0.71,P＜0.001).Conclusions 0.01％ and 0.02％ atropine show similar effects on pupil diameter and accommodation amplitude after 12 months of treatment in myopic children.
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Objective@#To discuss the radical treatment of lymphatic vascular malformation combined intracystic hemorrhage in Children.@*Methods@#66 cases with lymphatic vascular malformation combined intracystic hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed. The longest diameter of all the lesions was nearly 4 cm.All the 66 patients received surgical treatment. Arc-shaped incision was made to separate and expose the eyes from the hair trace. The lesions were separated from the frontal and temporal parts to the eyes along the dermal fat layer, and deep separation revealed orbicularis oculi muscle and levator upper eyelid muscle.@*Results@#All the 66 cases were completely resected, and the patients were followed up for 0.5-3.0 years after the surgery. The postoperative appearance was satisfactory in 58 cases. The wound scar was healed in 8 cases, and the patients had satisfactory postoperative appearance after elective scar resection and cosmetic repair. Postoperative complications included long-term exudation of incision lymph in 6 cases. Among them, 4 cases were complicated with incision dehiscence and 2 cases were infected.@*Conclusions@#The method of complete resection of tumor as early as possible can radical cure the ocular lymphangioma with intracapsular hemorrhage, which prevent the disease from deteriorating, and meeting the aesthetic requirements of satisfactory appearance.
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Objective To explore the correlation between injection peak pressure and tubal patency during real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography(RT 3D-HyCoSy).Methods One hundred and seven patients who were scheduled to undergo transvaginal RT 3D-HyCoSy with SonoVue contrast agent were included in the study.They were injected with contrast agent by an YLD-YZ-800 auto contrast agent injection device. The patients were divided into tubal patency included bilateral patency group,one side patency group and bilateral positive group according to imaging results. During the examination,the injection peak pressure was recorded to analyze whether there were significant differences among the three groups.Results The contrast agent injection peak pressures of bilateral patency group,one side patency group and bilateral positive group were (34.58 ± 8.25)kPa,(44.85 ± 10.05)kPa and (54.26 ± 11.65)kPa,respectively. The differences of injection pressure among the three groups were statistically significant ( F = 38.732; P = 0.000,0.000,0.033). The peak pressure was negatively correlated with tubal patency ( r = -0.653,P =0.000).Conclusions Contrast agent injection peak pressure is associated with tubal patency in RT 3D-HyCoSy,and can be quantitatively measured to help for assessing fallopian tube patency.
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Objective@#To explore the treatment of the ocular arteriovenous malformation using urea injection combined with surgical procedures and evaluate clinical effects.@*Methods@#42 cases withocular arteriovenous malformation combined with fistula were retrospectively analyzed between January 2011 and December 2016. Individual treatments were formulated according to leision areas and severity. 3 cases with diffuse malformations were excluded from the study, because no surgical procedures were performed. 39 cases underwent local injection with 40% urea before resection. The urea was injected locally into vein malformation area by means ofmulti-point injection on a basis of 30 seconds, 3-6 ml for each treatment, once a day.The injection was performed for successive 7-10 days.The therapeutic effects and cosmetic result were recorded.@*Results@#23 cases occurred intheright ocular area and 16 cases in left.21 cases were removed radically in single operation.No recurrenceoccurredin any case with follow-ups of 3 months to 1.5 years.Cosmetic result with ocularbilateral symmetrywere satisfactory.@*Conclusions@#Combined treatment with urea injection and surgical procedure could effectively treat ocular arteriovenous malformation with arteriovenousfistula.
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Objective@#To detect the expression level of Galectin-3 in the ocular Venous Malformation (VM) tissue, and explore its associations with the occurrence and development of ocular VM.@*Methods@#12 fresh ocular VM tissue samples and 12 simplex great saphenous vein varices tissue samples were collected. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Galectin-3 gene were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot.@*Results@#The relative mRNA and protein levels of Galectin-3 in VM and control group were 5.26×10-3±8.78×10-4, 4.89×10-4±5.37×10-5 and 0.861±0.394, 0.223±0.206, respectively; Galectin-3 expressions in both mRNA and protein levels in ocular VM tissue were obviously higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and an increasing trend was accompanied with aggravating pathological changes in both degree and range of ocular VM.@*Conclusions@#Galectin-3 is highly expressed in ocular VM tissue in both mRNA and protein levels, which may be closely related to ocular VM development and prognosis, and can be used to determine the degree of local invasion of ocular VM. The pathogenesis of ocular VM may be related to Galectin-3, which can be further investigated through gene chip techniques.
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This paper presents a 3-DOF compact rehabilitation robot, involving mechanical structure design, control system design and gravity compensation analysis. The robot can simultaneously provide assistance for pronation/supination(P/S), flexion/extension(F/E) and adduction/abduction(A/A) joints rehabilitation training. The P/S and F/E joints are designed to be driven by cable transmission to gain a high backdrivability, and an adjustment plate is adopted to decrease the distance between the rotation axis of F/E joint of the human wrist and the robot. In addition, gravity compensation is considered to offset the impact of self-gravity on the performance of the controller. A "moving window" control strategy based on impedance control is proposed and implemented on the robot. A comparison between the "moving window" control and classical impedance control indicates that the former has more potential to stimulate the voluntary efforts of the participant, and has a less limitation moving in a fixed reference trajectory. Meanwhile, the results also validate the feasibility and safety of the wrist robot system.
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Robotics , Forearm , Humans , Supination , Wrist , Wrist JointABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical value of combination of transvaginal fourdimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography(TVS 4D-HyCoSy) with uterine tubal liquid poking in assessment tubal fimbria patency.Methods Sixty-two female infertile patients with obstruction at tubal fimbria,or partial obstruction with pelvic adhesion were included.All of them were underwent 4D-HyCoSy as well as uterine tubal liquid poking,and were followed with laparoscopic chromopertubation (LPC) using Methylene blue in three months.Results Comparing with laparoscopy,the total coincidence rate of 4D-HyCoSy to assess the tubal fimbria patency was 94.3％,with the sensitivity of 90.1％ and specificity of 94.1 ％.Imaging results showed that the obstruction at tubal fimbria,uncircle-like wrapping contrast medium can be seen around ovary accounted for 80％.The patent fallopian tube fimbria,circle-like wrapping of contrast medium can be observed around ovary accounted for 85.5 ％.Conclusions The combination of TVS 4D-HyCoSy with uterine tubal liquid poking is highly in accordance with LPC by providing real-time dynamic visualization on overflowing of contrast medium from tubal fimbria,as well as the pelvic adhesion surrounding ovaries.The 4D-HyCoSy can be the preferred method for assessment of tubal fimbria patency and pelvic adhesion surrounding ovaries with its advantages of accuracy,non invasion and a good safety profile.
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In this paper, a dynamic EMG-torque model of the elbow joint is developed based on ANN, and two novel test methods are proposed to validate its generalization performance. A time-delay neural network (TDNN) model is built and proved to have less risk of overfitting than the most-used multilayer feedfoward neural network (MFNN) model for dynamic EMG-torque modeling. Both EMG and kinematic features are included in the input of ANN, but the zero-EMG test shows that the trained ANN is part of the inverse joint dynamics rather than the EMG-torque model, and some random samples for ANN training are added to overcome this problem. The single-muscle test shows that an inappropriate choice of the motion type may cause the model to estimate wrong torque directions. After tuning and testing, the root mean square error (RMSE) across all subjects is 0.60±0.20 N.m.
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Electromyography , Elbow , Elbow Joint , Humans , Models, Biological , Muscle, Skeletal , Neural Networks, Computer , TorqueABSTRACT
Objective To study the influence of survivin targetedly inhibited with antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN)technique on the apoptosis of hepatoma carcinoma cells SMMC-7221,and to clarify the mechanism of promotion effect of survivin-ASODN on the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells.Methods The ASODN sequence of survivin marked by FAM fluorescein was designed and synthized. The SMMC-7721 cells were transfected by different concentrations (100,200,300,400,and 600 nmol· L-1 )of survivin-ASODN (ASODN transfection groups),at the same time blank control group and blank liposome control group and sense oligonucleotide (SODN) control group were set up.The apoptotic rates and the changes of cell cycle of the SMMC-7721 cells 24,48,and 72 h after transfected with different concentrations of survivin-ASODN were detected by FCM. The expression levels of survivin were measured by Western blotting method.Results Compared with each control group,24 h after transfection,the apoptotic rates of survivin-ASODN transfected SMMC-7221 cells were increased,the growth of cells was inhibited (P<0.05),and the effects had time-dose dependent tendency.48 h after transfection,the hypodiploid apoptotic peak appeared in ASODN transfection groups before G1 phase, the number of the cells at G0/G1 phase was decreased (P<0.05)and the number of the cells at G2/M phase wsa increased (P<0.05). Compared with each control group,the survivin expression levels in the SMMC-7721 cells in ASODN transfection groups were decreased (P<0.05 ), and the effects of survivin-ASODN was time-dose dependent (P<0.05 ). Conclusion Survivin-ASODN can block the expression of survivin in SMMC-7721 cells and inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells by changing the cell cycle and increasing apoptosis in a time-dose dependent manner.
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Purpose To investigate the clinical value of three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography (3D-HyCoSy) in the assessment of fallopian tubal patency.Materials and Methods Fallopian tubal patency of 33 infertile women was assessed using transvaginal 3D-HyCoSy, and the results were compared with laparoscopically salpingoraphy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of 3D-HyCoSy were evaluated.Results 3D-HyCoSy showed 20 passable fallopian tubes, 10 partially passable fallopian tubes and 36 obstructed tubes, while lapascopically salpingoraphy showed 23 passable fallopian tubes, 7 partially passable fallopian tubes and 36 obstructed tubes. The total coincidence rate of 3D-HyCoSy to assess the fallopian tubal patency was 86.4% (57/66), with the sensitivity of 93.0% (40/43), specificityof 73.9% (17/23), positive likelihood ratio of 7.15, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.20.Conclusion Tubal patency can be efficiently and accurately assessed using 3D-HyCoSy, but patients with obstructed or partially passable fallopian tubes should undergo laparoscopy to clarify.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Potention drug-targets on anti-neuropathy of stroke were summarized, and it will provide materials for developing innovation components traditional Chinese medicine on anti-cerebral infarction neuropathy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This article had done a series of researching work about neurovascular unit which includes three kinds of cells: neuron, gliacyte,brain microvascular endothelial cell, then signal mechanism of cell death or apoptosis of each section of stroke neuropathy was analysised by the historical documents.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There are five important pathways: inflammatory factor-MMPs pathway- Caspases, Ca2+ -mitochondrial pathway-Caspases, Ca2+ -Phospholipase-PI-3K/AK pathway, Ca2+ -radical-MAPK pathway, Ca2+ -NO-protease pathway, among all the nodes, Caspases, Ca2+, NO were the most important ones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Developing the multi-mechanism and multilevel of traditional chinese medicine under the guidance of the theories of network pharmacology and neurovascular unit will play an important role in studying the key links of signal-network of stroke neuropathy.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Calcium , Metabolism , Caspases , Metabolism , Cerebral Infarction , Metabolism , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Matrix Metalloproteinases , Metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Models, Biological , Pharmacology , Methods , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Metabolism , Polyneuropathies , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Through exercise and/or hypoxia to increase the body's stress level and timing of hypoxia, so as to improve the body's adaptation level to exercise and/or hypoxia. However, little was known concerning the effects of acute exercise and/or hypoxia on vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) expression in skeletal muscles.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of acute exercise and/or hypoxia on VEGF expression in rats' gastrocnemius muscles. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, between September 2005 and September 2006.MATERIALS: Totally 108 health male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely, normoxia quiet, normoxia high intensity, normoxia moderate intensity, hypoxia quiet, living high-training low high intensity and living high-training low high intensity moderated intensity groups, with 12 animals in each group.METHODS: In acute normoxia exercise models, rats were performed adaptive activity at 48 hours prior to experiment. The high intensity exercise was comprised of 50 m/minx1.5 min training with 2 minutes rest. The moderate intensity exercise was 30 m/min×30 min. Hypoxia environment was produced by using low oxygen instrument to simulate hypoxia training, with hypoxia for 3 days, 22 h/d, 12.8% altitude, with 22 ℃ temperature and 55% humidity. In acute training low-living high models, rats were placed in above hypoxia environment after high intensity Or moderate intensity exercise. Four rats were sacrificed at hours 0, 2 and 4 after training, and the gastrocnemius muscles were obtained.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of VEGF in rats' gastrocnemius muscles was detected by using western-blot.RESULTS: Hypoxia and acute normoxia exercise enhanced the expression of VEGF, hypoxia after exercise weakened exercise-induced VEGF expression, and the exercise with long time and common intensity induced the higher level VEGF expression. The expression of VEGF was the most at the time points of instantaneousness and 2 hour after exercise, the sorting of the recovery speed of VEGF changes from fast to slow was: hypoxia or training low-living high and normoxic exercise. CONCLUSION: The expressions of VEGF in rats' skeletal muscles induced by acute exercise and/or hypoxia belong to the effect of immediate-early, with existing intensity-threshold, which recovery speed is inversely proportional to the expression amplitude;"training low-living high" may be able to enhance the adaptation of skeletal muscles to sports.