Subject(s)
Calcifediol/adverse effects , Calcifediol/therapeutic use , Feeding Behavior , Food Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Child, Preschool , Early Diagnosis , Female , Fetal Blood/drug effects , Fetal Blood/immunology , Fetal Blood/metabolism , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Humans , Infant , Maternal-Fetal Exchange/drug effects , Maternal-Fetal Exchange/immunology , Pregnancy , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D levels are known to be associated with atopic disease development; however, existing data are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether corresponding maternal and cord blood vitamin D levels are associated with atopic outcomes in early infancy. METHODS: Within the LINA cohort study (Lifestyle and environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk), 25(OH)D was measured in blood samples of 378 mother-child pairs during pregnancy and at birth. Information about children's atopic manifestations during the first 2 years of life was obtained from questionnaires filled out by the parents during pregnancy and annually thereafter. Cord blood regulatory T cells (Treg) were detected by methylation-specific PCR using a Treg-specific demethylated region in the FOXP3 gene. RESULTS: The median maternal 25(OH)D(3) level was 22.19 ng/ml (IQR 14.40-31.19 ng/ml); the median cord blood 25(OH)D(3) 10.95 ng/ml (6.99-17.39 ng/ml). A high correlation was seen between maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D(3) levels, both showing a seasonal distribution. Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D(3) was positively associated with children's risk for food allergy within the first 2 years. Further, higher maternal 25(OH)D(3) resulted in a higher risk for sensitization against food allergens at the age of two. Cord blood 25(OH)D(3) levels were negatively correlated with regulatory T cell numbers. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that high vitamin D levels in pregnancy and at birth may contribute to a higher risk for food allergy and therefore argues against vitamin D supplement to protect against allergy.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/etiology , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Hypersensitivity/etiology , Pregnancy/blood , Vitamin D/blood , Cohort Studies , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Atopic/physiopathology , Female , Fetal Blood , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/metabolism , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prevalence , Risk Assessment , Statistics, Nonparametric , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic progenitor cells, especially those committed to the Eo/B lineage, are known to contribute to allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether environmental factors are associated with changes in numbers of circulating Eo/B progenitors at 1 year of age. METHODS: Peripheral blood from 60 1-year-old children enrolled in the LINA (Lifestyle and environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk) birth cohort was assessed for Eo/B progenitor cells (Eo/B CFU) using standardized and validated methylcellulose assays. Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in the presence of IL-3, IL-5 or GM-CSF, and Eo/B CFUs enumerated. Clinical outcomes and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were documented by standardized questionnaires, and indoor volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations were assessed by passive sampling. RESULTS: Children with skin manifestations (atopic dermatitis or cradle cap) within the first year of life had higher numbers of circulating IL-3-, IL-5- or GM-CSF-stimulated Eo/B CFUs (P < 0.05) at 1 year. In children with cradle cap, a positive correlation was found between Eo/B CFUs and exposure to ETS-related VOCs during pregnancy or at 1 year of age (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first demonstration that environmental exposures are positively associated with levels of circulating Eo/B progenitors. The recruitment and differentiation of Eo/B progenitors in response to environmental triggers may play a role in the development of skin manifestations during the first year of life.
Subject(s)
Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects , Basophils , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Seborrheic/epidemiology , Eosinophils , Hematopoietic Stem Cells , Nicotiana/adverse effects , Volatile Organic Compounds/adverse effects , Adult , Basophils/immunology , Cohort Studies , Dermatitis, Atopic/etiology , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Dermatitis, Seborrheic/immunology , Environmental Exposure , Eosinophils/immunology , Female , Humans , Infant , Leukocyte Count , Pregnancy , Smoking/adverse effects , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The paper deals with the problems of the clinico-physiological and socio-psychological bases of rehabilitation of mental patients. The basis of the analysis of these problems is a patient's personality in its relationship with social environment (medical personnel, family, working surrounding. The author puts forward the tasks to be solved by physians and specialists in the field of clinical psychology.
