Subject(s)
Rhabdomyolysis , Risperidone , Venlafaxine Hydrochloride , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced , Risperidone/administration & dosage , Risperidone/adverse effects , Venlafaxine Hydrochloride/administration & dosage , Venlafaxine Hydrochloride/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent syndrome with chronic pain and a hypothesized underlying disturbance of the tryptophan (TRP) metabolism. We performed a tryptophan depletion (TD) test in 17 FM patients and 17 controls. TRP, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. Additionally pain perception was monitored in the FM patients. FM patients and controls exhibited a decrease of TRP and KYN during TD. 5-HIAA levels also decreased in all controls and in 11 FM patients, but showed a marked increase in 6 FM patients. IL-6 significantly increased during TD in the patients, but not in the controls. Pain perception was not affected in the FM patients. These data demonstrate an altered TRP metabolism in a subgroup of FM patients, where the TD seems to activate 5-HT metabolism. Our findings may have diagnostic as well as therapeutic implications in the field of fibromyalgia.
Subject(s)
Fibromyalgia/metabolism , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism , Kynurenine/metabolism , Pain/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , Tryptophan/metabolism , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/blood , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Kynurenine/blood , Middle Aged , Tryptophan/blood , Tryptophan/deficiencyABSTRACT
This study examined the functional substrate of P50 suppression. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and magnetic fields (AEFs) were recorded from healthy subjects simultaneously and analyzed using spatio-temporal source analysis. The resulting equivalent dipole model for the AEP consisted of one source in the auditory cortex (AC) of each hemisphere and an radially oriented medial frontal source, both with maximum AEP activity around 50 ms. The frontal source was functionally separated from the AC sources since it peaked significantly later and showed significantly larger P50 amplitude suppression. P30m showed neither suppression nor substantial frontal activity. In sum, this study relates P50 suppression to reduction of AC source activity and is the first to yield direct evidence for frontal involvement in P50 suppression.
Subject(s)
Auditory Cortex/physiology , Auditory Pathways/physiology , Auditory Perception/physiology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology , Frontal Lobe/physiology , Functional Laterality/physiology , Neural Inhibition/physiology , Acoustic Stimulation , Adult , Auditory Cortex/anatomy & histology , Auditory Pathways/anatomy & histology , Brain Mapping , Electroencephalography , Female , Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetoencephalography , Male , Models, Neurological , Neural Conduction/physiology , Reaction Time/physiologyABSTRACT
The Medical Readiness Training Exercise (MEDRETE) is generally regarded as an effective tool for enhancement of U.S. foreign policy in developing nations. However, if MEDRETEs are evaluated with parameters other than emotion, there is found to be little durable effect and virtually no improvement in the health status of the host nation. The classic MEDRETE is ineffective, costly, and provides only an evanescent benefit to the served population. It should be replaced by PMRETEs (Preventive Medicine Readiness Training Exercises) targeting preventive medicine concerns which would provide low-cost, durable contributions to the health status of growing nations.
Subject(s)
Medical Missions , Military Medicine , Preventive Health Services , Health Education , Honduras , Humans , Medical Missions/economics , Military Medicine/education , Toilet Facilities , United StatesABSTRACT
In very rare situations, a newborn will be delivered with severe unrecognized life-threatening anemia. Two infants with severe anemia with differing etiologies were deemed to require emergency uncrossmatched O-negative blood. In one infant, the blood transfused was incompatible for the minor antigen that had caused the isoimmune hemolytic anemia. We report on the indications, potential risks and benefits in giving uncrossmatched O-negative blood to term infants with life-threatening anemia.
Subject(s)
Blood Grouping and Crossmatching , Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Emergencies , Erythroblastosis, Fetal/therapy , Female , Fetomaternal Transfusion/therapy , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , PregnancySubject(s)
Education, Medical , Patients , Emotions , Humans , Internship and Residency , Patients/psychology , Physician-Patient Relations , Students, MedicalABSTRACT
A venereal disease educational programme entitled Venereal Disease Education in West Virginia was constructed. It consisted of a preliminary test to assess the level of general knowledge of venereal diseases, a value survey list, a lecture illustrated by colour slides, and a final test. The programme was presented to 3210 students in Northcentral West Virginia who ranged in age from 12 to 20 years (7th to 12th grade). The mean score in the preliminary test was 7.97 (53%) correct answers out of 15, and the mean score for the final test was 11.55 (77%) correct answers out of 15. The ability of students to retain the information given to them was measured by testing the same class of 53 students one year later. These students obtained a mean score of 11.41 (76%) correct answers out of 15 in the later test which demonstrates that the students had retained much of the information.
