ABSTRACT
Expression of pS2 (an estrogen-induced gene isolated from breast carcinoma MCF7 cells) and of the human spasmolytic peptide (hSP) gene was analyzed in 21 human biliary tract and gallbladder carcinomas and 16 non-neoplastic gallbladders at the protein level (immunochemistry) and, in a series of these cases, at the RNA level (Northern blots). Eighteen carcinomas and 14 non-neoplastic mucosae with inflammatory alterations showed pS2 activity by immunostaining or Northern blotting. In addition, in samples with pS2 expression, hSP RNA was demonstrated. In the corresponding non-neoplastic and healthy mucosae, pS2 was negative, as judged by immunostaining. Northern blots showed weak (basal) level of activity for pS2 and hSP. The genes' increased expression in correlation to inflammatory and neoplastic processes, by now observed in several carcinomas and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, hints to their essential role in such diseases.
Subject(s)
Biliary Tract Neoplasms/chemistry , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Peptides/analysis , Proteins , Breast Neoplasms/chemistry , Female , Gallbladder Neoplasms/chemistry , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , RNA, Neoplasm/genetics , Trefoil Factor-1 , Tumor Suppressor ProteinsSubject(s)
Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Adolescent , Adult , Angiography , Humans , Middle Aged , Parathyroid Hormone/analysisABSTRACT
Since August 1978, the neck of 68 patients with the clinical diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism was examined by ultrasound. The accuracy of the method increased from 61% during the first period of investigation to 82% using a newly-developed ultrasound scanner. These results are comparable with those obtained by invasive methods like angiography or selective venous blood sampling for the assay of parathyroid hormone. Positive preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands confirmed the diagnosis of HPT. Cases involving acute HPT preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands requires prompt surgical management. Preoperative localization of an adenoma allows direct removal of the enlarged gland and exploration of the others within the immediate section from microscopic examination under surgery.
Subject(s)
Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis , Parathyroid Glands/pathology , Ultrasonography , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Hyperparathyroidism/surgery , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Parathyroid Glands/surgeryABSTRACT
Fifty-nine patients suspected clinically of having primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism have been examined since 1978 in order to localize enlarged parathyroid glands. With glands larger than 5 mm. this proved successful in about 90% of those situated in the neck. The sonographic features of enlarged parathyroid glands are poor echoes, smooth margins and the typical position on the medial and posterior surface of the thyroid gland. A requirement for diagnostic success is the use of modern compound apparatus with digital convertors and focussed high resolution probes.
Subject(s)
Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Adenoma/diagnosis , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Parathyroid Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Two hundred and three patients with urographic appearances suspicious of a space-occupying lesion were examined by sonography. Seventy-nine showed normal results; there were 65 cysts, 20 malignant lesions, 20 pseudo-tumours and 19 with other abnormalities such as hydronephrosis, urolithiasis and inflammatory lesions. Pseudotumours are due to varients of the structure of the kidney, which resemble space-occupying lesions in the excretory urogram. The sonogram shows them as low echo, centrally protruding structures arising from the edge of the parenchyma. Angiographically they are islands of parenchyma with normal vessels. Sonography has proved to be a necessary complement to excretion urography and provides a more certain indication for renal arteriography. Angiography can be limited to changes in the parenchyma, since sonography is able to define cystic processes.
Subject(s)
Fibroma/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Angiography , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Hydronephrosis/diagnosis , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Calculi/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases, Cystic/diagnosis , Nephritis/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray , UrographyABSTRACT
On comparing an ionic contrast medium with a contrast medium containing one or two mg Lidocain/ml contrast medium, the one with the higher Lidocain addition was found to be most effective in respect of pain alleviation. The feeling of flush could not be favourably influenced. The use of a higher dose of Lidocain in the contrast medium may involve more pronounced circulatory reactions, such as drop in blood pressure and enhanced pulse rate. Besides, the rate of side effects compared with the use of the pure contrast medium and contrast medium with one mg Lidocain/ml CM will be increased. For this reason, it is not recommended to add more than 1 mg/ml Lidocain to the contrast medium. In most cases, repeat examinations can be effected without any risk with 1 mg Lidocain/ml contrast medium. No absolute contraindications were found in the application to outpatients and risk patients. Relative contraindication exists in patients with bradycardia and bradyarrhythmia. Following preliminary injection of a vasodilatory substance, the Lidocain/contrast medium mixture is well suited for arteriography in the arm.
