ABSTRACT
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic orthognathic surgery was suspended in the UK. The effect this had on patients, to date, is unknown. A multi-centre, cross-sectional survey was conducted in the UK to investigate the health-related impact on patients on the orthognathic surgery pathway, including those on the waiting list for surgery. A structured questionnaire was designed to explore the impact of the pandemic on patients whose orthognathic treatment was temporarily cancelled. Ninety-five questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 65%. When asked if the delay due to the pandemic had caused emotional distress, 63% (51/81) agreed. During the pandemic respondents experienced more distress in relation to dental appearance (60%, 51/83), self-confidence (52% 50/83), facial appearance (53%, 44/83), and ability to eat and chew (59%, 50/83). One hundred percent of patients would have appliances fitted or their appliances adjusted during the pandemic, and 93% stated that they would attend for surgery if they were offered this during the pandemic. In conclusion, patients appear to have experienced emotional distress in relation to the delay with their orthognathic treatment. They should be given greater priority during the remobilisation of elective surgery and should have access to ongoing psychological support when delays affect their treatment. The 'surgery-first' approach may be considered for suitable patients to minimise the duration of the treatment journey.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Orthognathic Surgery , Orthognathic Surgical Procedures , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Pandemics , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
With the introduction of radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques, it has become toxicologically possible to determine drug concentrations in postmortem vitreous humor. This study demonstrates and confirms this toxicological feasibility. In 49 medical examiner's drug related cases, postmortem tissue levels of morphine, barbiturates, and methadone were compared to the vitreous humor.
