ABSTRACT
Six groups of 10 antibiotics in the water plants and water supply network in Tianjin were sampled and analyzed by using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of 10 antibiotics were detected in the water treatment process units, and the distribution, migration, and health risk assessment in the water supply networks were studied. The results of antibiotic determination in the water plants showed that the antibiotic concentrations were 0.96-126.43 ng·L-1, and the removal efficiency was -46.47%-45.10% in plant A using traditional treatment processes. The coagulation treatment process was effective for the antibiotic removal in plant A. In plant B with an advanced treatment process, roxithromycin was not detected, and the concentration of other antibiotics was ND-72.27 ng·L-1. The removal efficiency of the antibiotics was 40.25%-70.33% in plant B, which was remarkably higher than that in plant A. The results indicated the process of UV combined with chlorine disinfection played a major role in removing antibiotics in plant B. In addition, the antibiotic distribution in the water pipes indicated that the detection rate of roxithromycin was 75.0% and that for other antibiotics was 100.0%. The concentration of 10 antibiotics was ND-348.99 ng·L-1 and decreased gradually with the increase of the transmission distance, which followed the first order reaction kinetics model. Based on the Monte Carlo method, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of antibiotics in drinking water were assessed. The results displayed that both were at an acceptable level of risk.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Drinking Water/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Supply , Carcinogens, Environmental , China , Risk Assessment , Water PurificationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Cloned several important functional genes from Citrus grandis 'tomentosa', which was the genuine medicinal materials from Guangdong province. METHODS: CTAB-LiCl treatment was used to extract RNA from Citrus grandis 'tomentosa', the technology of RT-PCR was used to clone the genes. RESULTS: Three genes were cloned from Citrus grandis 'tomentosa', which were Chalcone Synthase (CHS) gene, Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) gene and Chalcone isomerase (CHI) gene. The open reading frame (ORF) of CHS gene was consisted of 1173 bp, and encoded 391 amino acid residues, that of F3H gene was consisted of 1086 bp, and encoded 362 amino acid residues, that of CHI gene was consisted of 666 bp, and encoded 222 amino acid residues. The accession number of three genes were GQ892059, GU323284 and GU323285 respectively. CONCLUSION: CTAB-LiCl treatment could extract high quality RNA from Citrus grandis 'tomentosa', which could be used to follow-up work. The three functional genes which were cloned from Citrus grandis 'tomentosa' had ORFs.
Subject(s)
Acyltransferases/genetics , Citrus/genetics , Flavonoids/biosynthesis , Intramolecular Lyases/genetics , Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics , Plant Proteins/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Citrus/enzymology , Cloning, Molecular , DNA Primers , DNA, Plant/genetics , Flavonoids/genetics , Genes, Plant , Plant Leaves/enzymology , Plant Leaves/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of comprehensive therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis. METHODS: Comprehensive therapy was prescribed for 52 cases of chronic bacterial prostatitis during June, 2000 to June, 2001, and summaries and analysis of the cases were conducted. RESULTS: Of the 52 cases, 27 (51.9%) were cured and 21 (40.4%) had improvement, while 4 (7.7%) did not respond to the treatment. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive therapy may produce satisfactory effects in treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis.
