[Comparative study of gap balancing and measured resection technique in patients receiving staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty].

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of staged total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed on both knees in the same patient using gap balancing (GB) and measured resection (MR) techniques, respectively. Methods: The clinical data of 57 patients undergoing bilateral staged TKA at the Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Honghui Hospital from July 2018 to January 2020 were analyzed. Using the random number table, MR or GB technique was selected when patients underwent primary TKA, and contralateral procedure was done with another technique. The procedures were performed by one chief surgeon, and the same prosthesis was chosen for all the procedures. The two osteotomy techniques for TKA were compared in terms of surgical status, radiographic data, functional recovery and satisfaction rate. Results: Total of 57 patients, including 16 males and 41 females, were included in the study with a mean age of (68.5±4.6) years (59-79 years) at primary TKA. All patients were followed up for (29.6±4.5) months (22-39 months). The interval between the two procedures was (4.7±3.0) months (0.5-12.0 months). Postoperative drainage was less in the GB side when compared with that in the MR side [(93.6±22.2) ml vs (109.9±36.9) ml, P=0.003]. At the 1-month postoperative follow-up, the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain was lower on the GB side (3.0±0.8) than on the MR side (3.5±1.2), the range of motion (ROM) was higher on the GB side (105.7°±8.2° vs 100.2°±7.5°), the Knee Society Score (KSS) was higher on the GB side (78.5±5.4 vs 74.2±6.3), and the Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) score was lower on the GB side (35.4±5.5 vs 38.0±6.3), there were significant differences in the up-mentioned indexes between the two groups (all P<0.05). However, the repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant difference in VAS score, ROM, KSS score and WOMAC score between the two techniques (all P>0.05). The satisfactory rate of GB technique was 84.2%(48/57), ant it was 86.0%(49/57) with MR technique (P=0.446). There was also no significant difference between the two techniques in terms of complications (P=0.754). Conclusion: Both the GB and MR technique result in good knee function with similar clinical outcomes in patients receiving TKA in both knees for osteoarthritis without significant deformity.

MYBA2 gene involved in anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis pathways in grapevine.

MYBA2 transcription factor (Myb-related gene) affects the coloring in grapevine berry and plays an important role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin. The MYBA2 gene was cloned from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon and polyclonal antibodies for VvmybA2 were prepared. The VvmybA2 gene expression patterns were observed in seven tissues (the leaf, stem, flower, bud, root, berry, and tendril) and during the berry development stage at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. The results indicated that the expression of VvmybA2 was approximately 11-fold higher in the berry than that in the other six tissues, and increased rapidly from 60 days after full bloom reaching a maximum on day 80. Furthermore, both the anthocyanin content and UDP-glucose:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene expression levels increased rapidly 60 days after full bloom. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of the VvmybA2 gene were significantly positively correlated with not only UFGT and DFR genes but also with the anthocyanin content during berry development. These results suggested that VvmybA2 could not only regulate the transcription of both UFGT and DFR but also is involved in the expression of the UFGT gene associated with color determination in grape berries.

Accumulation of flavanols and expression of leucoanthocyanidin reductase induced by postharvest UV-C irradiation in grape berry.

To examine the effect of postharvest ultraviolet C (UV-C) irradiation on flavanol polyphenol accumulation in the grape berry, we investigated total flavanol polyphenol content, the enzyme activity of leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), and transcription of Vv lar1 and Vv lar2 using spectrophotometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis in 5-year-old Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon plants. Our results indicated that the accumulation of flavanol polyphenol reached its highest value when exposed to UV-C irradiation for 30 min. Additionally, UV-C irradiation induced the transcription of Vv lar1 and Vv lar2 and the synthesis of LAR1 and LAR2 proteins, resulting in increased accumulation of flavanol polyphenol in the grape berry. Moreover, these effects were associated with the length of time of UV-C irradiation.

Relationship between the IL-4 gene promoter -590C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Studies investigating the association between interleukin (IL)-4 gene promoter -590C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism and autoimmune diseases report conflicting results. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the strength of association. RESULTS: A total of 6001 cases and 6788 controls from 24 studies were analysed. Significant association of the C allele of IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was detected (odds ratio (OR) = 0.696, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.601-0.807). Stratification by ethnicity indicated an association between the IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and RA in Caucasians. Furthermore, the overall ORs of the associations between the C allele and multiple scleorosis (MS) were 1.340 (95% CI = 1.102-1.630). However, we failed to reveal any association between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D) or Graves' disease (GD). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism might be associated with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, including RA and MS.

Lung, liver, prostate, bladder malignancies risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence from a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to examine some solid tumors incidence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) derived from population-based cohort studies by means of meta-analysis. METHODS: Relevant electronic databases were searched for studies characterizing the associated risk of overall malignancy and four site-specific malignancies (lung, liver, prostate, bladder cancer) in patients with SLE. The meta-analysis procedure was used to pool standardized incidence rates (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association. RESULTS: A total of seven cohort studies were identified, of which six provided the SIR for overall malignancy, seven reported the SIR for lung cancer, five for liver cancer, four for prostate cancer and six for bladder cancer. Overall, lung and liver cancers were more frequently observed in patients with SLE with SIR of 1.16 (95% CI = 1.12-1.21), 1.68 (95% CI = 1.33-2.13) and 2.44 (95% CI = 1.46-4.05), respectively. However, the risk of prostate cancer appeared to be somewhat reduced in male patients with SLE (SIR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.57-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis shows that SLE patients are at increased risk of developing cancer, particularly of the lung, bladder and liver. However, males with SLE have a decreased risk of prostate cancer.

Serum levels of cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus : Association study in a Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal production of autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokines. The clear pathogenesis of SLE has not been fully elucidated. Cytokine-mediated immunity has been showed to be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of cytokines (IL-19, IL-24, IL-26, IL-31, IL-32, IL-36) in SLE patients, in comparison with normal controls in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 65 patients with SLE and 65 healthy volunteers were recruited for the current study. All serum levels of cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS: Serum levels of IL-19, IL-24, IL-26, IL-31, IL-32 and IL-36 in SLE patients were not significantly different from the normal controls (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum levels of IL-19, IL-24, IL-26, IL-31, IL-32 and IL-36 in SLE patients were not markedly different from the normal controls. However, functional research should be discussed in future studies to elucidate the roles of these cytokines in SLE.