A SLAF-based high-density genetic map construction and genetic architecture of thermotolerant traits in maize (Zea mays L.).

The leaf scorching trait at flowering is a crucial thermosensitive phenotype in maize under high temperature stress (HS), yet the genetic basis of this trait remains poorly understood. In this study, we genotyped a 254 RIL-F2:8 population, derived from the leaf scorch-free parental inbred line Abe2 and the leaf scorching maternal inbred line B73, using the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) method. A total of 10,112 polymorphic SLAF markers were developed, and a high-density genetic map with a total length of 1,475.88 cM was constructed. The average sequencing depth of the parents was 55.23X, and that of the progeny was 12.53X. Then, we identified a total of 16 QTLs associated with thermotolerant traits at flowering, of which four QTLs of leaf scorching damage (LS) were distributed on chromosomes 1 (qLS1), 2 (qLS2.1, qLS2.2) and 3 (qLS3), which could explain 19.73% of phenotypic variation. Combining one qLS1 locus with QTL-seq results led to the identification of 6 candidate genes. Expression experiments and sequence variation indicated that Zm00001d033328, encoding N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase, was the most likely candidate gene controlling thermotolerant traits at flowering. In summary, the high-density genetic map and genetic basis of thermotolerant traits lay a critical foundation for mapping other complex traits and identifying the genes associated with thermotolerant traits in maize.

Graphene enhances artemisinin production in the traditional medicinal plant Artemisia annua via dynamic physiological processes and miRNA regulation.

We investigated the effects of graphene on the model herb Artemisia annua, which is renowned for producing artemisinin, a widely used pharmacological compound. Seedling growth and biomass were promoted when A. annua was cultivated with low concentrations of graphene, an effect which was attributed to a 1.4-fold increase in nitrogen uptake, a 15%-22% increase in chlorophyll fluorescence, and greater abundance of carbon cycling-related bacteria. Exposure to 10 or 20 mg/L graphene resulted in a âˆ¼60% increase in H2O2, and graphene could act as a catalyst accelerator, leading to a 9-fold increase in catalase (CAT) activity in vitro and thereby maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Importantly, graphene exposure led to an 80% increase in the density of glandular secreting trichomes (GSTs), in which artemisinin is biosynthesized and stored. This contributed to a 5% increase in artemisinin content in mature leaves. Interestingly, expression of miR828 was reduced by both graphene and H2O2 treatments, resulting in induction of its target gene AaMYB17, a positive regulator of GST initiation. Subsequent molecular and genetic assays showed that graphene-induced H2O2 inhibits micro-RNA (miRNA) biogenesis through Dicers and regulates the miR828-AaMYB17 module, thus affecting GST density. Our results suggest that graphene may contribute to yield improvement in A. annua via dynamic physiological processes together with miRNA regulation, and it may thus represent a new cultivation strategy for increasing yield capacity through nanobiotechnology.

The proteomics analysis of extracellular vesicles revealed the possible function of heat shock protein 60 in Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major risk factor for gastric diseases, including gastritis and gastric cancer. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a chaperone protein involved in various cellular processes and has been implicated in the immune response to bacterial infections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing various protein components play important roles in cell communication. In the present study, a systematic proteomic analysis of EVs obtained from H. pylori infected cells was performed and the EV-derived HSP60 function was studied. METHODS: EVs were evaluated by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. The recognized protein components were quantified by label-free proteomics and subjected to bioinformatics assays. The expression of HSP60 in EVs, host cells and gastric cancers infected by H. pylori was determined by western blotting and immunohistochemical, respectively. In addition, the apoptotic regulation mechanisms of HSP60 in H. pylori infection were analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry. RESULTS: A total of 120 important differential proteins were identified in the EVs from H. pylori-infected cells and subjected to Gene Ontology analysis. Among them, CD63, HSP-70 and TSG101 were verified via western blotting. Moreover, HSP60 expression was significantly increased in the EVs from H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells. H. pylori infection promoted an abnormal increase in HSP60 expression in GES-1 cells, AGS cells, gastric mucosa and gastric cancer. In addition, knockdown of HSP60 suppressed the apoptosis of infected cells and the expression of Bcl2, and promoted the upregulation of Bax. CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive proteomic profile of EVs from H. pylori-infected cells, shedding light on the potential role of HSP60 in H. pylori infection. The findings underscore the significance of EV-derived HSP60 in the pathophysiology of H. pylori-associated diseases.

[A Rare Case of Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR L833V/H835L Co-mutation 
and Literature Review].

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are the most common driver genes in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), of which mutations in exons 18-21 are frequent, especially the loss of exon 19 and exon 21 L858R mutation are the most frequent. Other rare gene mutations are rare. Simultaneous occurrence of two or more rare EGFR mutations are extremely rare in lung cancer, and the incidence of EGFR L833V/H835L rare gene compound mutations is very low, and there is little clinical data and evidence of relevant treatment methods. Some EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective in treating lung cancer patients with rare gene mutations. In this article, we reported a case of NSCLC patient with a rare gene compound mutation EGFR L833V/H835L, who responded to Afatinib in combination with Anilotinib treatment well after 5 months of treatment, and computed tomography (CT) showed shrinkage of lung lesions. Meanwhile, we also compiled previously reported NSCLC patients with EGFR L833V/H835L rare gene compound mutation and summarized the characteristics of this group of patients and the effect of applying different kinds of EGFR-TKIs treatment.
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Persistent postoperative hypotension caused by subclinical empty sella syndrome after a simple surgery: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Empty sella is an anatomical and radiological finding of the herniation of the subarachnoid space into the pituitary fossa leading to a flattened pituitary gland. Patients with empty sella may present with various symptoms, including headache due to intracranial hypertension and endocrine symptoms related to the specific pituitary hormones affected. Here, we report a female patient who developed persistent postoperative hypotension caused by subclinical empty sella syndrome after a simple surgery. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old woman underwent vocal cord polypectomy under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. She denied any medical history, and her vital signs were normal before the surgery. Anesthesia and surgery were uneventful. However, she developed dizziness, headache and persistent hypotension in the ward. Thus, intravenous dopamine was started to maintain normal blood pressure, which improved her symptoms. However, she remained dependent on dopamine for over 24 h without any obvious anesthesia- and surgery-related complications. An endocrine etiology was then suspected, and further examination showed a high prolactin level, a low normal adrenocorticotropic hormone level and a low cortisol level. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an empty sella. Therefore, she was diagnosed with empty sella syndrome and secondary adrenal insufficiency. Her symptoms disappeared one week later after daily glucocorticoid supplement. CONCLUSION: Endocrine etiologies such as pituitary and adrenal-related dysfunction should be considered in patients showing persistent postoperative hypotension when anesthesia- and surgery-related factors are excluded.

Cellular mechanisms of fibrin (ogen): insight from neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent and currently incurable conditions that progressively impair cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric functions of the central or peripheral nervous system. Fibrinogen, a macromolecular glycoprotein, plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response and tissue repair in the human body and interacts with various nervous system cells due to its unique molecular structure. Accumulating evidence suggests that fibrinogen deposits in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. By regulating pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways, fibrinogen can exacerbate the neuro-pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases, while depletion of fibrinogen contributes to the amelioration of cognitive function impairment in patients. This review comprehensively summarizes the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of fibrinogen in central nervous system cells and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Vascular dementia, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Additionally, we discuss the potential of fibrinogen-related treatments in the management of neurodegenerative disorders.

The bioinformatics analysis of CD59 in Helicobacter pylori infected gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Cell surface molecules play important roles in cell signal transduction pathways during microbial infection. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the expression and the functions of CD59 was investigated in H. pylori infected gastric cancer (GC). METHODS AND RESULTS: The differential expression of CD59 and the influence of H. pylori on the expression of CD59 were analyzed via bioinformatics through Gene Set Enrichment in GC. In addition, the expression of CD59 in GES-1, AGS cells and GC tissues infected with H. pylori was confirmed by Western blot. Bioinformatics results and H. pylori infection experiments showed CD59 decreased obviously in H. pylori infected GC cells and tissues. The expression of CD59 was linked to the survival rate of GC patients, and influenced various immune cells in the immune microenvironment of GC. CD59 interacts with other genes to form a network in H. pylori infected GC. Certainly, CD59 decreased significantly in H. pylori infected GC tissues, GES-1 and AGS cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection could influence the expression of CD59 in GC indicating that CD59 may be a promising treatment target.

Bioinformatics analysis of the prognostic and clinical value of senescence-related gene signature in papillary thyroid cancer.

Cellular senescence can both inhibit and promote the occurrence of tumors, so how to apply cellular senescence therapy is of great importance. However, it is worth to be analyzed from multiple perspectives by researchers, especially for tumors with a high incidence like papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We obtained senescence-related differentially expressed genes (SRGs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus database. Enrichment analysis of SRGs was performed via gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Prognostic model was constructed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Evaluation of clinical value was analyzed via Receiver operating characteristic curve, Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression. Immune infiltrates were investigated through ESTIMATE and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Immunohistochemical images were obtained from The Human Protein Atlas. Twenty-seven SRGs from TCGA cohort and gene expression omnibus datasets were found. These genes are mainly concentrated in senescence-related terms and pathways, including "DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator," "signal transduction in response to DNA damage," "p53 signaling pathway" and "Endocrine resistance." Based on SRGs, prognostic model was constructed by E2F transcription factor 1, snail family transcriptional repressor 1 and phospholipase A2 receptor 1. PTC patients were divided into a low-risk group and a high-risk group according to the median value (cutoff point = 0.969) of risk score in TCGA cohort. The diagnostic efficiency of this model is good (area under curve = 0.803, 0.809, and 0.877 at 1, 2, and 3 years in TCGA; area under curve = 0.964, 0.813 in GPL570 and GPL96), particularly advanced grade, state and tumor mutation burden, such as Stage III - IV, T3 - 4, H-tumor mutation burden. Furthermore, High-risk group was significantly associated with poor prognosis and more immune infiltration. Our prognostic model has a good diagnostic and prognostic efficacy, and there is a certain clinical application value. In addition, we provide the first new insight into the genesis, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of PTC based on senescence-related genes.

The influence of health information attention and app usage frequency of older adults on persuasive strategies in mHealth education apps.

With the development of mobile communication technology, persuasive technology is widely used in mobile health. Using personalized persuasive strategies in mobile health education (MHE) apps can effectively improve users' health literacy and health behaviors. The transtheoretical model explains the process of user behavior change. Different usage frequency of the app reflects changes in user behavior. However, few studies have examined how the perceived importance of persuasive strategies among older adults changes with increasing use frequency. In this study, we analyzed the sensitivity of 111 older adults in China to persuasive strategies in MHE apps. Thirteen persuasive strategies were selected for this study. A repeated measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was used to demonstrate the influence of gender, health information attention and frequency of use on the sensitivity of perceived persuasive strategies among older adults. The results revealed older adults with a high usage frequency of health apps were more receptive to persuasive strategies, especially in social comparison strategy. This result may help developers consider factors such as the frequency of use by older users when designing personalized persuasive strategies for MHE apps.

Arrhythmia Disease Diagnosis Based on ECG Time-Frequency Domain Fusion and Convolutional Neural Network.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are often used to diagnose cardiac status. However, most of the existing ECG diagnostic methods only use the time-domain information, resulting in some obviously lesion information in frequency-domain of ECG signals are not being fully utilized. Therefore, we propose a method to fuse the time and frequency domain information in ECG signals by convolutional neural network (CNN). First, we adapt multi-scale wavelet decomposition to filter the ECG signal; Then, R-wave localization is used to segment each individual heartbeat cycle; And then, the frequency domain information of this heartbeat cycle is extracted via fast Fourier transform. Finally, the temporal information is spliced with the frequency domain information and input to the neural network for classification. The experimental results show that the proposed method has the highest recognition accuracy (99.43%) of ECG singles compared with state-of-the-art methods. Clinical and Translational Impact Statement- The proposed ECG classification method provides an effective solution for ECG interrogation to quickly diagnose the presence of arrhythmia in a patient from the ECG signal. It can increase the efficiency of the interrogating physician by aiding diagnosis.

Analysis of Cognition, Protection, Psychological, and Job-search Intentions Among Medical and Nonmedical College Students During COVID-19 Epidemic.

Context: Since December 2019, medical practitioners discovered a novel coronavirus causing an acute respiratory-tract infection in some hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei Province. COVID-19 has spread globally, making it an epidemic worldwide at present. Understanding the mental-health responses of college students to COVID-19 can help a school staff to better guide students seeking education. Objective: The study aimed to explore the differences between nonmedical and medical college students during the COVID-19 epidemic in their cognitive interest about the disease, preventive behaviors, psychological effects, and job-search intentions, hoping to provide more targeted measures for virus-coping education for college students. Design: The research team conducted a cross-sectional study, using an anonymous online questionnaire. Setting: The study took place at Shanghai, China. Participants: Participants were 1648 college students studying different specialties in various provinces of China, 485 nonmedical students and 1163 medical students. Outcome Measures: The survey's questions covered the respondents': (1) general demographic characteristics, (2) cognitive interest and knowledge about COVID-19 and its infectiousness as well as efforts at active learning about infectious diseases and viruses, (3) awareness of precautionary behaviors against COVID-19, (4) effects on mental health, and (5) effects on job-search intentions. The research team used descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to analyze the survey data. Results: Among nonmedical students: (1) 297 participants (61.2%) were interested in learning about COVID-19, (2) 321 participants (66.2%) took the initiative to learn about the virus, (3) 301 participants (62.1%) took the initiative to learn about infectious disease, and (4) 151 participants (31.1%) watched medical-themed movies or TV series about COVID-19. Among medical students, the corresponding proportions were 772 participants (66.4%), 855 participants (73.5%), 791 participants (68.1%), and 791 participants (68.1%), respectively. Among nonmedical students, 223 participants (46.0%) had N95 masks available, 429 participants (88.5%) had disinfectant supplies available, 271 participants (55.9%) wore goggles in public places, 75 participants (15.5%) chose public transportation, and 77 participants (15.9%) were exposed to public places in the week prior to the survey. Among medical students, the corresponding proportions were 470 participants (40.4%), 935 participants (80.4%), 575 participants (49.4%), 243 participants (20.9%), and 297 participants (25.5%), respectively. Furthermore, COVID-19 had a stronger effect on medical students' psychology and job-search ambitions. Conclusions: The news about COVID-19 piqued the interest of medical students. Nonmedical students had stronger protective behavior than medical students. The COVID-19 outbreak had a significant influence on medical students' lives, studies, and moods. In addition, COVID-19 had a greater impact on the job-search intentions of medical students.

Anwuligan inhibits the progression of non-small cell lung cancer via let-7c-3p/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis.

BACKGROUND: Anwuligan (ANW) isolated from nutmeg, also known as myristyl lignan, has attracted attention due to its therapeutic potential in diseases. However, its effect on lung cancer is still unclear. METHODS: In this study, the cytotoxicity of ANW on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. In vitro, clone formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to investigate the migratory and invasive abilities of NSCLC cells after ANW treatment. The expression levels of the associated proteins were detected using Western blotting. A luciferase assay was used to validate the binding of let-7c-3p to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PIK3CA. In vivo, an A549 cell xenograft mouse model was used to verify the effect of ANW on tumor growth. RESULTS: The results showed that ANW treatment (20 or 50 µM) had obvious cytotoxicity against A549 and H460 cells, suppressing cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In vivo, the growth of the implanted tumor was inhibited by ANW in a nude mouse model. The growth of NSCLC cells was also inhibited by let-7c-3p overexpression in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory effect of ANW on the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells was weakened by the downregulation of let-7c-3p, whereas it was enhanced by the overexpression of let-7c-3p; PIK3CA was the main target of let-7c-3p. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, ANW inhibits the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells in vivo and in vitro by upregulating the expression of let-7c-3p, which can regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PIK3CA is the main target of let-7c-3p.

Recent advances in nano-drug delivery systems for synergistic antitumor immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has demonstrated great clinical success in the field of oncology in comparison with conventional cancer therapy. However, cancer immunotherapy still encounters major challenges that limit its efficacy against different types of cancers and the patients show minimal immune response to the immunotherapy. To overcome these limitations, combinatorial approaches with other therapeutics have been applied in the clinic. Simultaneously, nano-drug delivery system has played an important role in increasing the antitumor efficacy of various treatments and has been increasingly utilized for synergistic immunotherapy to further enhance the immunogenicity of the tumors. Specifically, they can promote the infiltration of immune cells within the tumors and create an environment that is more sensitive to immunotherapy, particularly in solid tumors, by accelerating tumor accumulation and permeability. Herein, this progress report provides a brief overview of the development of nano-drug delivery systems, classification of combinatory cancer immunotherapy and recent progress in tumor immune synergistic therapy in the application of nano-drug delivery systems.

Copper-Promoted N-Alkylation and Bromination of Arylamines/Indazoles Using Alkyl Bromides as Reagents for Difunctionalization.

Practical copper-promoted N-alkylation and bromination of arylamines/indazoles with alkyl bromides are described; the N-alkylation-C-4-bromination and N-dialkylation-C-4-bromination of arylamines, and N-alkylation-C-3-bromination of indazoles, with alkyl bromides have been analyzed. The full use of alkyl bromides as alkylating and brominating building blocks without atom wastage, indicating excellent atom and step economy, has been highlighted. Eco-friendly oxygen and water are the reaction oxidant and byproduct, respectively.

Vacuolar nitrate efflux requires multiple functional redundant nitrate transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Nitrate in plants is preferentially stored in vacuoles; however, how vacuolar nitrate is reallocated and to which biological process(es) it might contribute remain largely elusive. In this study, we functionally characterized three nitrate transporters NPF5.10, NPF5.14, and NPF8.5 that are tonoplast-localized. Ectopic expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that they mediate low-affinity nitrate transport. Histochemical analysis showed that these transporters were expressed preferentially in pericycle and xylem parenchyma cells. NPF5.10, NPF5.14, and NPF8.5 overexpression significantly decreased vacuolar nitrate contents and nitrate accumulation in Arabidopsis shoots. Further analysis showed that the sextuple mutant (npf5.10 npf5.14 npf8.5 npf5.11 npf5.12 npf5.16) had a higher 15NO3-uptake rate than the wild-type Col-0, but no significant difference was observed for nitrate accumulation between them. The septuple mutant (npf5.11 npf5.12 npf5.16 npf5.10 npf5.14 npf8.5 clca) generated by using CRISPR/Cas9 showed essentially decreased nitrate reallocation compared to wild type when exposed to nitrate starvation, though no further decrease was observed when compared to clca. Notably, NPF5.10, NPF5.14, and NPF8.5 as well as NPF5.11, NPF5.12, and NPF5.16 were consistently induced by mannitol, and more nitrate was detected in the sextuple mutant than in the wild type after mannitol treatment. These observations suggest that vacuolar nitrate efflux is regulated by several functional redundant nitrate transporters, and the reallocation might contribute to osmotic stress response other than mineral nutrition.

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Supported Nanocobalt Catalyst for Hydrogen-Transfer Dearomative Coupling of Quinolinium Salts and Tetrahydroquinolines.

A nitrogen-doped carbon supported nanocobalt catalyst was developed and successfully applied for the hydrogen-transfer coupling of quinolinium salts and tetrahydroquinoline compounds. The selective coupling of the C6 sites of tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) with the α sites of quinoline salts generated a series of 2-substituted N-alkyl-tetrahydroquinolines. This catalytic conversion method, which can be employed to synthesize various functionalized tetrahydroquinolines, has several advantages that include excellent hydrogen transfer selectivity, a reusable and inexpensive catalyst, and environmental friendliness.

An Intelligent Analysis System for Traditional Arts and Crafts Based on Digital technology: Taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as the Observation Center.

In order to improve the analysis effect of traditional arts and crafts, this paper analyzes traditional arts and crafts combined with digital technology, builds an intelligent analysis system to improve the digital processing effect of traditional arts and crafts, and takes the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example to verify the system effect. In order to improve the accuracy of subsequent image alignment and defect detection, this paper compares the effects of the pixel-level edge detection algorithm and the subpixel-level edge detection algorithm and finally selects the subpixel-based edge detection algorithm to extract the edge of the image. In addition, this paper compares the traditional defect detection algorithm through research and experiment and proposes an improved image phase difference method according to the actual situation. The experimental research shows that the traditional arts and crafts intelligent analysis system based on digital technology proposed in this paper has a very good effect. At the same time, with the support of this system, the intelligent analysis of traditional arts and crafts in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area can be carried out efficiently.

Aqueous extract of Paeoniae Radix Alba (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by tunning the intestinal physical barrier, immune responses, and microbiota.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease, the pathogenesis of which is strongly associated with the compromised intestinal barrier. Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA), the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and an adaptogen used in Hozai, exhibiting appreciable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of PRA in UC have yet to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was set out to examine the ameliorative effects of the aqueous extract of PRA (i.e., PRA dispensing granule, PRADG) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chemical components of PRADG was analyzed by HPLC. Colitis model mice were induced by free access to water containing 2.5% DSS for 10 consecutive days, and concurrently, PRADG (0.1025 and 0.41 g/kg) or Salazosulfapyridine (SASP, 450 mg/kg) was given orally from day 1-10. Body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, histologic scoring, and inflammatory response were assessed. Additionally, IL-23/IL-17 axis and tight junction (TJ) proteins, as well as gut microbiota were also investigated under the above-mentioned regimen. RESULTS: Eight main chemical constituents of CPT were revealed with HPLC analysis. Noticeably, PRADG could effectively lower body weight loss as well as DAI scores, alleviate colon shortening, and reduce the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in mice with colitis. Further exploration found that increment of TJ proteins expression (ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1) and inhibition of IL-23/IL-17 axis-modulated inflammation were observed in PRADG-treated mice. Additionally, the diversity of gut microbiota and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria were increased following PRADG treatment. CONCLUSIONS: PRADG could be sufficient to ameliorate colitis by regulating the intestinal physical barrier, immune responses, and gut microbiota in mice. Our findings highlight that PRADG might be a prospective remedy for UC.

Nucleophilic Dearomatization Strategy to Synthesize Disubstituted 3-Isoquinolinones under Transition Metal-Free Conditions.

Herein, a one-pot protocol for constructing the disubstituted isoquinolinone derivatives via the three-component reactions of 3-haloisoquinolines, alkyl halides, and indoles under transition-metal-free conditions is described. The reaction realized the trifunctionalization of isoquinoline via a dearomatization strategy, which displayed high chemical selectivity, excellent functional group tolerance, and a wide range of substrates, and is environmentally friendly. The three-component coupling involves the construction of new C-N, C═O, and C-C bonds in one step.

AgNO3 as Nitrogen Source for Cu-Catalyzed Cyclization of Oximes with Isocyanates: A Facile Route to N-2-Aryl-1,2,3-triazoles.

A versatile copper-catalyzed [3 + 1 + 1] annulation of oximes and isocyanates with AgNO3 is described. In this conversion, AgNO3 and isocyanates instead of conventional azide or diazonium reagents were used as the nitrogen source. This three-component transformation was achieved by cleaving N-O/C-H/C-N bonds and building C═N/N-N bonds, which provides a strategy to prepare N-2-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles with a good substrate and functional compatibility.